Telecommunications in Lebanon

This article concerns the systems of communication in Lebanon. Lebanon possesses a number of systems of telecommunication. The country code and top-level domain for Lebanon is ".lb".

Telephone
The I-ME-WE (India-Middle East-Western Europe) submarine communication cable linking Tripoli, Lebanon with other countries.
External image
Map of sea cables (zoom over Lebanon to see all cables coming to the country)

There are 1,816,262 landlines giving a relatively high fixed line penetration rate, along with 4,890,534 mobile telephones in use in Lebanon.[1] The telephone system was severely damaged during the civil war but was completely rebuilt and revamped. The systems that provide the infrastructure for the telephone network are, domestically, microwave radio relay stations and cables, and internationally, two Intelsat satellite-earth stations, a microwave radio relay station to Syria and three international undersea fiber optic cables: I-ME-WE, CADMOS (to Cyprus), and BERYTAR (to Syria).

Free radio and television broadcasting

Lebanon possesses one AM radio broadcast station, and 32 FM radio broadcast stations. In 2005, there were 28 privately owned FM radio stations. One FM station, which shifts between French, English, and Armenian, and the sole AM radio station, which broadcasts solely in Arabic, are owned by the state-owned Radio Lebanon, which is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Information. Radio Lebanon also relays Radio France International at 13:00 (UTC) daily. Among private broadcasters are Mix FM, PAX Radio, the Lebanese Broadcasting Corporation(LBCI), National Broadcasting Network, Radio One, and the Voice of Tomorrow.[2] There are 2.85 million radios is Lebanon. In 1998 Lebanon's radio penetration rate was 906 radios per 1000 people. Furthermore, Lebanon has five digital cable television companies, Cable Vision, Digitek, EcoNet, City TV and UCL.

There are 28 television broadcast stations in Lebanon, although the application of the audiovisual law has caused the closure of a number of TV stations. The PAL television standard is used in Lebanon. Other than the state-owned Télé Liban, most broadcasters are privately owned and earn revenues from advertising. Some of the most important television networks are the LBC, Murr TV, Al Jadeed, Future TV, Orange TV (OTV), Al-Manar, NBN, Télé Lumière, and Télé Liban (State-owned). There are 1.18 million television sets in Lebanon.

There are five cable TV companies in Lebanon: Cable Vision[3], Eco Net[4], City TV[5], Digitek and UCL.

Internet services

The development and growth of internet infrastructure has been particularly slow in Lebanon due to corruption and allegations of a sector monopoly.[6]

Internet services are administered in Lebanon by the Ministry of Telecommunication. Lebanon provides three types of services: dialup services, wireless Internet service and ADSL. Lebanon ranks 161 on the netindex.com (as of 1 February 2019).

32 K dialup

Dialup services cost around $7 a month but users have to pay for the cost of phone communication.

ADSL services

ADSL was offered for the first time in April 2007 and there were, as of July 2011, 1,284,361 subscribers. The ADSL network has been undergoing large upgrades throughout the country. The addition of the new IMEWE underwater cable during the summer of 2011 has dramatically increased Lebanon's international bandwidth capacity, allowing for increased speeds and larger data caps. The prices for ADSL varies slightly depending on the DSP but typically cost from $16/month (4 Mbit/s) to $65/month (open speed ) on unlimited data plans.

To fix the problem, the Ministry of Telecommunications signed an 18-month contract with Consolidated Engineering & Trading and French/American Company Alcatel-Lucent to install a Fiber Optics grid. It was expected that by the end of 2011 all the areas of Lebanon will have fast internet ranging from 10–15 Mbit/s download, and 20 Mbit/s and more will be available the year after, allowing Lebanon to finally catch up with the rest of the world, which eventually never happened. A new fiber-to-the-home initiative was launched in 2015 by the Ministry of Telecommunications under Boutrous Harb. It is expected to be fully implemented by 2020, presenting users with VDSL2+ plans capable of offering speeds reaching 150Mbit/s.

Broadband Internet

Wireless Internet services were offered for the first time in 2005 to palliate for the absence of an ADSL infrastructure at the time. ISPs fees revolve around $45/month. Wireless internet is portable: users can connect nearly anywhere through a receiver (connected to the client via USB or Ethernet) and it provides download rates between 2 Mbit/s and 9 Mbit/s depending on the chosen plan. Coverage weakens in densely built areas or remote locations.

Fiber-to-the-Home (FTTH)/Fibre-to-the-Office (FTTO)

Fibre to the Home/Fibre to the Office (or Business) is being deployed in a phased approach in Lebanon under the management of the Ministry of Post & Telecoms[7] and Ogero (the fixed network owner & maintainer)[8] with the aim for the majority of Lebanese population to have access to a full range of services (FTTH, IPTV, video conferencing) by 2020.

The number of Internet users in Lebanon grew rapidly in the past two years after the Telecoms Ministry and state-run Ogero introduced fast DSL and 3G and 4G service.[9]

A 4,700 km fiber optic network is being deployed across Lebanon linking 300 fixed central offices with thousands of Active Cabinets being installed with the last mile using copper connections, allowing subscribers to reach a connection speed of 4 Mbit/s and more at home. The backbone FO network consist of 13 rings and is almost complete.[10]

Experts say that Lebanon should have much faster Internet thanks to the international capacity cables. They added that only a small fraction of the cable capacity was used in Lebanon. However, the country did not perform as well in terms of fiber-to-the-home services.[9]

Lebanon Broadband Digital Vision 2020 – Fibre Optics (& 4G LTE) by 2020

On 1 July 2016 a five-year plan to revamp Lebanon's telecoms infrastructure and provide Internet users across the country with fiber-optic connectivity by the year 2020 has been announced.[11]

FTTx- phase1 [12]

– 2015–2017: FTTO Organizations SME/SM

– 2015–2020: FTTC (+VDSL) cabinets (& Houses)

– 2016–2020: FTTH1 (Houses)

– 2019–2022: FTTH2 (Houses)

In the last two phases, fiber optics will gradually become available in households and for end users.

FTTx (FTTC/FTTH/Last mile Civil Works) progress update (Oct.2019)

State-owned operator OGERO is managing the rollout of the fibre optics infrastructure across Lebanon and has awarded in Feb. 2018 three contracts worth $283 million to three local companies (out of four bidders) to distribute fiber optics from central stations to end users: SERTA Channels, BMB, and Powertech; paired with international equipment vendors: Huawei, Calix, and Nokia.[13]

Upgraded Central Offices with fibre optics GPON or P2P access technology & FTTx deployment phasing can be found on Ogero's website.[14] Also updates are found on the Fibre Optics Lebanon Forum.[15]

Public WiFi and 5G Fixed Wireless Internet in Lebanon

5G Fixed Wireless Internet is commercially available across Beirut International Airport terminals.[16]

FTTx Networks in Lebanon

Solidere the Lebanese company for the development and reconstruction of the Beirut Central District, has deployed a Broadband Network in partnership with Orange Business Services in March 2007. Orange operates this IP network using a fiber-optic backbone with dual connection to each building in the city center. Under its unified communication network, Solidere provides IPTV services to all its residents operated and monitored from the network main operation center. [17]

Beirut Digital District (BDD) was launched in September 2012 as a government facilitated project with broadband internet and telephone infrastructure facilities.[18] Beirut Digital District (BDD) will represent a community focused urbanized hub for the creative companies and talents. The project aims to become an all-inclusive zone dedicated to improving the digital industry in Lebanon through providing state-of-the-art infrastructure and superior support services for businesses and the healthiest living environment for the young and dynamic workforce; all at competitive and affordable rates.

3.9G & 4G LTE data services

Alfa and MTC Touch have commercial 3.9G & 4G LTE data services in many regions in Lebanon (mostly dense urban regions) starting May 2013.[19]

As part of Lebanon Broadband 2020 plan, Full LTE 4G Coverage is expected by 2018.

ISPs:

There are 18 licensed ISPs (Internet Services Providers) and 9 licensed DSPs (Data Service Providers) operating in Lebanon:

  • WiMax SARL (www.wimax-lb.com)
  • SME[20]
  • Broadband Plus
  • ComNet
  • Cyberia[21]
  • Data Consult (Managed Services Provider)[22]
  • Farah Net
  • Fiberlink Networks[23]
  • IDM[24]
  • Keblon
  • Lebanon OnLine
  • Masco Group
  • Mobi[25]
  • Moscanet (Wise)[26]
  • Onet Plus
  • Pro Services
  • Sodetel[27]
  • Solidere
  • Terranet[28]
  • Transmog (Cyberia)
  • Tri Network Consultants
  • Virtual ISP (VISP)

DSPs:
Cable One, Cedarcom[29], GlobalCom Data Services, Pesco, Sodetel, Solidere, LCNC S.A.L., TRISAT S.A.R.L., Waves S.A.L.

In 2009 Lebanon had 2,000,000 internet users (48% of the population).

In mid-2011 Lebanon had 2,500,820, 59% penetration rate [30]

As of 31 December 2011, Lebanon had 3,367,220 Internet users (87% penetration rate).[31]

As of 30 June 2012, Lebanon had 3,722,950 Internet users (92% penetration rate).[32]

Broadband decree passed

The cabinet of ministers passed a decree on 23 August 2011, to increase the current speeds of Internet connection setting the minimum speed to 2 Mbit/s in addition to lowering the prices.

Project for new Internet submarine cable

In June 2019, the Ministry of Telecommunications announced plans for a new Internet submarine cable to link the country to Europe. The aim is to boost the Internet service locally and to turn Lebanon into a hub for Internet distribution to countries in the region. Another cable project is scheduled to be launched in 2019. This new undersea cable will replace the ‘Cadmus’ cable which links Lebanon to Cyprus. The project will be executed in partnership with the Cyprus Telecommunications Authority (CYTA). Besides ‘Cadmos’, Lebanon is currently connected to the outside world by the submarine cable ‘Alexandros’ which links the country to France through Cyprus.[33]

gollark: There are some microwaves which generate 2.4GHz using something something transistors. But it's MORE expensive than magnetrons.
gollark: <:Transistor:694654534634569809> <:Transistor:694654534634569809>
gollark: I see.
gollark: What does the QCW stand for?
gollark: Sometimes you just want to cool down and possibly remove a large chunk of wall or something.

References
  1. CIA World Factbook, 2009.
  2. World Radio Television Handbook (WRTH), 2005.
  3. "Cable Vision website".
  4. "Eco Net website".
  5. "City TV website".
  6. Johnson, Howard (13 October 2011). "Lag leaving Lebanon's web lacking". BBC News.
  7. "Ministry of Post & Telecoms website".
  8. "Ogero website".
  9. "Lebanon ranks fourth in Arab world in bandwidth penetration". The Daily Star. 4 December 2013.
  10. http://mpt.gov.lb/documents/AnnualReports/MOT_brochure_en-corr.pdf
  11. http://www.mpt.gov.lb/lebtelecom2020/index.html
  12. "Fiber Optics Finally Coming to Lebanon in 6 Months, Full LTE 4G Coverage Expected in 2 Years".
  13. "fttx-to-be-distributed-by-three-companies-ogero-head". The Daily Star. 13 February 2018.
  14. "FTTx Deployment from Ogero's website".
  15. "Fibre Optics Lebanon Forum".
  16. "public-wifi-and-5g-fixed-wireless-services-are-now-available-in-beirut-international-airport". Telecom Review.
  17. "Infrastructure".
  18. "Beirut Digital District website".
  19. "Limited 4G network arrives in Beirut". The Daily Star. 16 May 2013.
  20. "SME SARL (ISP) WEBSITE".
  21. "Cyberia (ISP) website".
  22. "Data Consult (Managed Services Provider) website".
  23. "Fiberlink Networks website".
  24. "IDM (ISP) website".
  25. "Mobi website".
  26. "Moscanet (Wise) website".
  27. "Sodetel website".
  28. "Terranet website".
  29. "Cedarcom website".
  30. Internet World Stats, 2011.
  31. Internet World Stats, 2012.
  32. Internet World Stats, 2012.
  33. Nakhoul, Shikrallah (14 June 2019). "Third submarine cable to boost Internet service". business news.

Much of the information in this article is adapted from the CIA World Factbook.

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