Tariat inscriptions
The Tariat inscriptions appear on a stele found near the Hoid Terhyin River in Doloon Mod district, Arkhangai Province, Mongolia. (The forms Terkhin and Terhyin are also used). The stele was erected by Bayanchur Khan of the Uyghur Khaganate in the middle of the eighth century (between 753 and 760 CE seems to be the best estimate).
Discovery
Archeologists already knew of the existence of this stele [1] because it was mentioned in another Uighur stele found in 1909. But it took 47 years to discover and unearth the stele; finally being found by Mongolian archeologist T. Dorjsuren in 1956. The finds are now exhibited in the Mongolian Institute of Archeology in Ulaanbaatar.[2]
Uighurs
The Uyghur Khaganate replaced the Second Turkic Khaganate in Central Asia in 745 CE. Its founder was Kutluk Bilge Köl (745-747). Unlike their predecessors, they were allies of Tang China and in the early days of the khaganate the khagans (rulers) supported the Chinese emperor against the rebellious general An Lushan. They were one of the major powers of Asia. However, in 848 CE they were defeated by the Kyrgyz and were forced to move west to the Gansu and Xinjiang (also called East Turkestan) regions of modern China.
The Stele
The stele had been erected on a bixi or tortoise plinth and is made of light gray granite. There are 30 lines of text inscribed on each side of the stele in old Turkic using the Orkhon alphabet (Turkic runes) which was also used in the famous Khöshöö Tsaidam Monuments of Bilge Khagan and his brother Kül Tigin of the Turkic khaganate in 732 and 735 CE. [Note 1] The narrator is Bayanchur Khan of the Uighur khaganate who reigned between 747-759 CE.
The Narration
Bayanchor Khan refers to himself as El etmish Bilge Kagan. (Not to be confused with Bilge Kagan of the Turkic Khanate who lived earlier). According to inscriptions appearing on the east side of the slab, during the interregnum following the death of his father, Bayanchor fought against the tribes supporting his elder brother Tay Bilge Tutuk. Among these tribes, the Tatars seem to have been the most important enemy, for their names are mentioned several times.[3] On the west face of the stele, a brief history of the Turkic peoples is given. It is notable that the names of Bumin Khan and İstemi of the Turkic Khaganate are also mentioned in the inscriptions. This may mean that the power shift from the Turkic Khaganete to the (linguistically indistinguishable) Uighur Khanate was considered merely as a coup d'état.[4]
Complete text
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Old Turkic original text:[5]
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References
- Ayşe Hür: Tarihi Aydınlatan Bengütaşlar ((in Turkish)) Archived 2011-10-02 at the Wayback Machine
- Inscription El etmish Bilge kagan (Tariat // Terh). The "Turk bitig" site (in English)
- International Journal of Central Asian Studies, Hatice Şirin: Essay (in Turkish)
- Jean Paul Roux: Historie des Turcs (Translated by Aykut Kazancıgil,Lale Arslan Özcan), Kabalcı Yayınevi, İstanbul, ISBN 975-997-091-0 p 159
Notes
- Together with the Bain Tsokto monument of Tonyukuk, these remains are collectively called the Orkhon Monuments.