Black Panther (Marvel Comics)

Black Panther is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character was created by writer-editor Stan Lee and writer-artist Jack Kirby, first appearing in Fantastic Four #52 (cover-dated July 1966) in the Silver Age of Comic Books. Black Panther's real name is T'Challa, and he is depicted as the king and protector of the fictional African nation of Wakanda. Along with possessing enhanced abilities achieved through ancient Wakandan rituals of drinking the essence of the heart-shaped herb, T'Challa also relies on his proficiency in science, rigorous physical training, hand-to-hand combat skills, and access to wealth and advanced Wakandan technology to combat his enemies.

Black Panther
Publication information
PublisherMarvel Comics
First appearanceFantastic Four #52 (July 1966)
Created byStan Lee
Jack Kirby
In-story information
Full nameT'Challa
Place of originWakanda, Africa
Team affiliations
PartnershipsStorm
Shuri
Notable aliasesKing of the Dead
Mr. Okonkwo
Abilities
  • The power to draw upon the knowledge, strength, and every experience of every previous Black Panther
  • Superhuman strength, speed, reflexes, agility, stamina, endurance, durability, and senses
  • Genius-level intellect
  • Master martial artist, tactician, strategist, and inventor
  • Utilizes vibranium suit and equipment

Black Panther is the first superhero of African descent in mainstream American comics, having debuted years before early black superheroes such as Marvel Comics' the Falcon (1969), Luke Cage (1972) and Blade (1973) or DC Comics' John Stewart in the role of Green Lantern (1971). In one comic book storyline, the Black Panther mantle is handled by Kasper Cole, a multiracial New York City police officer. Beginning as an impersonator, Cole would later take on the moniker of White Tiger and become an ally to T'Challa. The role of Black Panther and leadership of Wakanda is also given to T'Challa's sister Shuri for a short time.

Black Panther has made numerous appearances in various television shows, animated films and video games. Chadwick Boseman portrays the character in the Marvel Cinematic Universe films Captain America: Civil War (2016), Black Panther (2018), Avengers: Infinity War (2018), and Avengers: Endgame (2019). Boseman will return in the upcoming sequel to Black Panther (2022).

In 2011, Black Panther was ranked 51st overall on IGN's "Top 100 Comic Books Heroes" list.[1]

Concept and creation

Name

The Black Panther's name predates the October 1966 founding of the Black Panther Party, though not the black panther logo of the party's predecessor, the Lowndes County Freedom Organization (LCFO), nor the segregated World War II Black Panthers Tank Battalion.[2][3] Co-creator Stan Lee denied that the comic, which pre-dates the political usage of the term, was, or could have been, named after any of the political uses of the term "black panther", including the LCFO, citing "a strange coincidence".[4] He is the first black superhero in American mainstream comic books; very few black heroes were created before him, and none with actual superpowers. These included the characters in the single-issue, low-distribution All-Negro Comics #1 (1947);[5] Waku, Prince of the Bantu, who starred in his own feature in the omnibus title Jungle Tales, from Marvel's 1950s predecessor, Atlas Comics[6][7] and the Dell Comics Western character Lobo, the first black person to star in his own comic book.[8] Previous non-caricatured black supporting characters in comics include U.S. Army infantry private Gabriel Jones of Sgt. Fury and his Howling Commandos.

In a guest appearance in Fantastic Four #119 (Feb. 1972), the Black Panther briefly tried using the name Black Leopard to avoid connotations with the Party, but the new name did not last.[9] The character's name was changed back to Black Panther in Avengers #105, with T'Challa explaining that renaming himself made as much sense as altering the Scarlet Witch's name, and he is not a stereotype.[10]

Co-creator Stan Lee recounted that the name was inspired by a pulp adventure hero who has a black panther as a helper.[11] Jack Kirby's original concept art for Black Panther used the concept name Coal Tiger.[12] Influences on the character included historical figures such as 14th-century Mali Empire sultan Mansa Musa and 20th-century Jamaican activist Marcus Garvey, as well as Biblical figures such as Ham and Canaan.[13]

Publication history

Lee and Kirby's creation of Black Panther was inspired by Lee's desire in the mid-60s to include more African and African-American characters in Marvel Comics. In 1963, they included a black character, Gabe Jones, in the ensemble cast of Sgt. Fury and His Howling Commandos,[14] and Lee encouraged artists to include black characters in crowd scenes.[15] In a 1998 interview, Lee explained his motivation: "I wasn't thinking of civil rights. I had a lot of friends who were black and we had artists who were black. So it occurred to me... why aren't there any black heroes?"[16] Soon after Black Panther was introduced, Marvel also added two more recurring black characters: Jill Jerrold in Modeling with Millie, and Bill Foster in The Avengers.[15]

There was some internal debate at Marvel about how far to go with the commercially risky introduction of a black superhero. In the first version of the cover for Fantastic Four #52, the Black Panther wore a cowl that exposed his face. In the published version, the cowl became a full face-mask. Previews in other comics didn't show the cover at all, indicating that Marvel was unsure how much to reveal.[17]

Following his debut in Fantastic Four #52–53 (July–Aug. 1966) and subsequent guest appearance in Fantastic Four Annual #5 (1967) and with Captain America in Tales of Suspense #97–100 (Jan.– April 1968), the Black Panther journeyed from the fictional African nation of Wakanda to New York City to join the titular American superhero team in The Avengers #52 (May 1968), appearing in that comic for the next few years. During his time with the Avengers, he made solo guest-appearances in three issues of Daredevil, and fought Doctor Doom in Astonishing Tales #6–7 (June & Aug. 1971), in that supervillain's short-lived starring feature.

He received his first starring feature with Jungle Action #5 (July 1973), a reprint of the Panther-centric story in The Avengers #62 (March 1969). A new series began running the following issue, written by Don McGregor, with art by pencilers Rich Buckler, Gil Kane, and Billy Graham, and which gave inkers Klaus Janson and Bob McLeod some of their first professional exposure. The critically acclaimed[18] series ran in Jungle Action #6–24 (Sept. 1973 – Nov. 1976).[19]

One now-common format McGregor pioneered was that of the self-contained, multi-issue story arc.[20] The first, "Panther's Rage", ran through the first 13 issues. Critic Jason Sacks has called the arc "Marvel's first graphic novel":

[T]here were real character arcs in Spider-Man and the Fantastic Four [comics] over time. But ... "Panther's Rage" is the first comic that was created from start to finish as a complete novel. Running in two years' issues of Jungle Action (#s 6 through 18), "Panther's Rage" is a 200-page novel that journeys to the heart of the African nation of Wakanda, a nation ravaged by a revolution against its king, T'Challa, the Black Panther.[20]

The second and final arc, "Panther vs. the Klan", ran as mostly 17-page stories in Jungle Action #19–24 (Jan.–Nov. 1976), except for issue #23, a reprint of Daredevil #69 (Oct. 1970), in which the Black Panther guest-starred.[19] The subject matter of the Ku Klux Klan was considered controversial in the Marvel offices at the time, creating difficulties for the creative team.[21]

African-American writer-editor Dwayne McDuffie said of the Jungle Action "Black Panther" feature:

This overlooked and underrated classic is arguably the most tightly written multi-part superhero epic ever. If you can get your hands on it ... sit down and read the whole thing. It's damn-near flawless, every issue, every scene, a functional, necessary part of the whole. Okay, now go back and read any individual issue. You'll find seamlessly integrated words and pictures; clearly introduced characters and situations; a concise (sometimes even transparent) recap; beautifully developed character relationships; at least one cool new villain; a stunning action set piece to test our hero's skills and resolve; and a story that is always moving forward towards a definite and satisfying conclusion. That's what we should all be delivering, every single month. Don [McGregor] and company did it in only 17 story pages per issue.[18]

Though popular with college students, the overall sales of Jungle Action were low,[22] and Marvel relaunched the Black Panther in a self-titled series, bringing in the character's co-creator Jack Kirby—newly returned to Marvel after having decamped to rival DC Comics for a time—as writer, penciler, and editor. However, Kirby wanted to work on new characters and was unhappy at being assigned a series starring a character he had already worked with extensively.[23] He left the series after only 12 issues and was replaced by Ed Hannigan (writer), Jerry Bingham (penciler), and Roger Stern (editor). Black Panther ran 15 issues (Jan. 1977 – May 1979).[24] Due to the series's cancellation, the contents of what would have been Black Panther #16–18 were published in Marvel Premiere #51–53.

A four-issue miniseries, Black Panther vol. 2,[25] (July–Oct. 1988) was written by Peter B. Gillis and penciled by Denys Cowan.[26] McGregor revisited his Panther saga with Gene Colan in "Panther's Quest", published as 25 eight-page installments within the bi-weekly anthology series Marvel Comics Presents (issues #13–37, Feb.–Dec. 1989).[27] He later teamed with artist Dwayne Turner in the square-bound miniseries Black Panther: Panther's Prey (Sept. 1990 – March 1991).[28] McGregor conceived a fifth arc in his Black Panther saga, titled "Panther's Vows", but it failed to get off the ground.[22]

Writer Christopher Priest's and penciller Mark Texeira's 1998 series The Black Panther vol. 3 used Erik Killmonger, Venomm, and other characters introduced in "Panther's Rage", together with new characters such as State Department attorney Everett Ross; the Black Panther's adopted brother, Hunter; and the Panther's protégé, Queen Divine Justice. The Priest-Texeira series was under the Marvel Knights imprint in its first year. Priest said the creation of character Ross contributed heavily to his decision to write the series. "I realized I could use Ross to bridge the gap between the African culture that the Black Panther mythos is steeped in and the predominantly white readership that Marvel sells to," adding that in his opinion, the Black Panther had been misused in the years after his creation.[29]

The last 13 issues (#50–62) saw the main character replaced by a multiracial New York City police officer named Kasper Cole, with T'Challa relegated to a supporting character. This Black Panther, who became the White Tiger, was placed in the series The Crew, running concurrently with the final few Black Panther issues. The Crew was canceled with issue #7.

Artist John Romita Jr. signing a copy of the fourth Black Panther series at Midtown Comics in Manhattan

In 2005, Marvel began publishing Black Panther vol. 4,[30] which ran 41 issues (April 2005 – Nov. 2008).[31] It was initially written by filmmaker Reginald Hudlin (through issue #38) and penciled by John Romita, Jr. (through #6). Hudlin said he wanted to add "street cred" to the title, although he noted that the book was not necessarily or primarily geared toward an African-American readership.[32] As influences for his characterization of the character, Hudlin has cited comic character Batman, film director Spike Lee, and music artist Sean Combs.[32]

Black Panther vol. 5[33] launched in February 2009, with Hudlin, again scripting, introducing a successor Black Panther, T'Challa's sister Shuri.[34][35][36] Hudlin co-wrote issue #7 with Jonathan Maberry, who then became the new writer,[37] joined by artist Will Conrad.[38] The Panther was also a featured player, with members of the Fantastic Four and the X-Men, in the Doctor Doom-based, six-issue miniseries Doomwar (April–Sept. 2010).[39]

T'Challa then accepted an invitation from Matt Murdock, the superhero Daredevil, to become the new protector of New York City's Hell's Kitchen neighborhood. He became the lead character in Daredevil beginning with issue #513 (Feb. 2011), when that series was retitled Black Panther: The Man Without Fear.[40] Under writer David Liss and artist Francesco Francavilla, he took on the identity of Mr. Okonkwo, an immigrant from the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and becomes the owner of a small diner in order to be close to the people.[41]

A new Black Panther series written by Ta-Nehisi Coates and drawn by Brian Stelfreeze was launched in 2016 and continues to be published with Coates as the head writer.[42][43][44]

In 2017, the africanfuturist writer Nnedi Okorafor wrote the series Black Panther: Long Live the King.[45]


In February 2018, Christopher Priest, Don McGregor, and Reginald Hudlin each contributed one story to the Black Panther Annual #1.[46]

Fictional character biography

Early life and background

The Black Panther is the ceremonial title given to the chief of the Panther Tribe of the advanced African nation of Wakanda. In addition to ruling the country, he is also paramount chief of its various tribes (collectively referred to as the Wakandas). The Panther habit is a symbol of office (head of state) and is used even during diplomatic missions. The Panther is a hereditary title, but one must still earn it.

In the distant past, a meteorite made of the (fictional) vibration-absorbing mineral vibranium crashed in Wakanda, and was unearthed. Reasoning that outsiders would exploit Wakanda for this valuable resource, the ruler, King T'Chaka, like his father and other Panthers before him, concealed his country from the outside world. T'Chaka's first wife N'Yami died while in labor with T'Challa, and his second wife Ramonda was taken prisoner by Anton Pretorius during a visit to her homeland of South Africa, so for most of his childhood T'Challa was raised by his father alone.[47] T'Chaka was murdered by the adventurer Ulysses Klaw in an attempt to seize the vibranium mound. With his people still in danger, a young T'Challa used Klaw's sound weapon on Klaw and his men, shattering Klaw's right hand and forcing him to flee.[48]

T'Challa was next in line to be the king of Wakanda and Black Panther, but until he was ready to become the leader of the nation, his uncle S'yan (T'Chaka's younger brother) successfully passed the trials to become the Black Panther. While on his Wakandan walkabout rite of passage, T'Challa met and fell in love with apparent orphaned teen Ororo Munroe, who would grow up to become the X-Men member Storm.[49] The two broke off their relationship due to his desire to avenge his father's death and to become the type of man who could suitably lead Wakanda, but they would see each other over the years when they could.

T'Challa earned the title and attributes of the Black Panther by defeating the various champions of the Wakandan tribes. One of his first acts was to disband and exile the Hatut Zeraze—the Wakandan secret police—and its leader, his adopted brother Hunter the White Wolf.[50] He sold off small portions of vibranium to scientific institutions around the world, amassing a fortune which he used to arm himself with advanced technology.[48] Later, to keep peace, he picked Dora Milaje ("adored ones") from rival tribes to serve as his personal guard and ceremonial wives-in-training. He then studied abroad for a time before returning to his kingship.

In his first published appearance, the now-adult T'Challa invites the American superhero team the Fantastic Four to Wakanda, then attacks and attempts to neutralize them individually in order to test himself to see if he is ready to battle Klaw, who had replaced his shattered right hand with a sonic weapon.[51][52] For their part, the Four manage to rally and stymie T'Challa in a team counter-attack, enabling the impressed King to stand down and explain himself to the team's satisfaction. After the ruler makes proper amends to the Four, they befriend and help T'Challa, and he in turn aids them against the supervillain the Psycho-Man.[53] T'Challa later joins the Avengers,[54] beginning a long association with that superhero team. He first battles the Man-Ape while with the group,[55] and then meets the American singer Monica Lynne,[56] with whom he becomes romantically involved. He helps the Avengers defeat the second Sons of the Serpent, and then reveals his true identity on American television.[57] He encounters Daredevil, and reveals to him that he had deduced Daredevil's true identity.[58]

Return to Wakanda

After receiving numerous urgent official letters requesting him to return to his increasingly troubled homeland,[59] the Panther eventually leaves his active Avengers membership to return to a Wakanda on the brink of civil war, bringing Lynne with him. After defeating would-be usurper Erik Killmonger and his minions,[60] the Panther ventures to the American South to battle the Ku Klux Klan.[61] He later gains possession of the mystical time-shifting artifacts known as King Solomon's Frogs.[62] These produce an alternate version of T'Challa from a future 10 years hence, a merry, telepathic Panther with a terminal brain aneurysm, whom T'Challa places in cryogenic stasis.

Later, while searching for and finding his stepmother Ramonda, the Panther contends with South African authorities during Apartheid.[63] T'Challa eventually proposes and becomes engaged to Monica Lynne,[64] though the couple never marry.

Years later, the Panther accepts a Washington, D.C. envoy, Everett K. Ross, and faces multiple threats to Wakanda's sovereignty. Ross assists him in many of these threats. In gratitude, the Panther often risks much for Ross in return. The first threat he and Ross encounter is "Xcon", an alliance of rogue intelligence agents backing a coup led by the Reverend Achebe.[65] Afterward, Killmonger resurfaces with a plot to destroy Wakanda's economy. This forces T'Challa to nationalize foreign companies.[66] Killmonger then defeats him in ritual combat, thus inheriting the role of Black Panther,[67] but falls into a coma upon eating the heart-shaped herb—poisonous to anyone outside the royal bloodline, which had a hereditary immunity to its toxic effects.[68] T'Challa preserves his rival's life rather than allowing him to die.

Later, T'Challa finds he has a brain aneurysm like his alternate future self, and succumbs to instability and hallucinations. After his mental state almost causes tribal warfare, the Panther hands power to his council[69] and hides in New York City. There he mentors police officer Kasper Cole (who had adopted an abandoned Panther costume), an experience that gives T'Challa the strength to face his illness, reclaim his position, and return to active membership in the Avengers, whom he helps secure special United Nations status.

Marriage and passing the mantle
Main article: Civil War (comics)


T'Challa recounts the story of his ascension as the Black Panther in the fourth volume of his eponymous comic book series. He defeated his uncle during the Black Panther celebration,[70] and during his walkabout when he met and fell in love with a street urchin named Ororo in Cairo, Egypt.[71] Unbeknownst to him the US government is planning a coup in order to get access to the vibranium. They allow Klaw to recruit a team of villains in order to support his totalitarian neighbor, Niganda. Klaw recruits Rhino, Black Knight, Batroc the Leaper, and Radioactive Man to lead the invasion. The US government then deploys an army of Deathloks to "support" T'Challa and justify an invasion, but T'Challa kills Klaw and Storm wipes out the Deathlok army in a hurricane.[72]

T'Challa then helps his old flame Ororo Munroe reunite with her surviving family members in Africa and the U.S.[73] Shortly afterwards, he proposes and the two are married,[74] in a large Wakandan ceremony attended by many superheroes.[75] One of the couple's first tasks is to embark on a diplomatic tour, in which they visit the Inhumans, Doctor Doom, the President of the United States, and Namor, with only the last one ending well.[76] After the death of Bill Foster, the Black Panther and Storm side with Captain America's anti-registration forces.[77] During the end battle between both sides, the Wakandan embassy in Manhattan is heavily damaged, though no Wakandans are hurt.[78] After the confrontation, the Panther and Storm briefly fill in for vacationing Fantastic Four members Reed and Sue Richards before returning to Wakanda.[79]

Upon returning to Wakanda alone, leaving Storm in New York to aid the X-Men, Black Panther faces Erik Killmonger, defeating him with assistance from Monica Rambeau (a.k.a. Pulsar).[80] Afterward, Wakanda fends off the alien shapeshifters the Skrulls, who had infiltrated as part of their "Secret Invasion" plan to conquer Earth.[81] Prince Namor attempts to recruit T'Challa for the Cabal, a secret council of supervillains. Attacked by the forces of fellow Cabal member Doctor Doom, T'Challa is left comatose.[82] His sister Shuri is trained as the next Black Panther, with the mantle passing onto her officially after T'Challa awakens from his coma and attempts to recover from his injuries.[83]

In the aftermath, T'Challa loses all of his enhanced attributes given to him by being the Panther totem. As a result, he works with his sorcerer, Zawavari, to accumulate a replacement.[84] He has since made a pact with another unknown Panther deity, returning his attributes to an even higher level as well as placing incantations on his body, making himself highly resistant to most magic and mystic assaults. This has all been done in preparation for the imminent battle with Doctor Doom,[85] which culminated in T'Challa rendering all of the processed vibranium inert to give his people a chance to rebuild without their dependence on the element.[86]

The Man Without Fear

After the events of "Shadowland", Matt Murdock (the superhero Daredevil) asks T'Challa to replace him as guardian of Hell's Kitchen, which gives T'Challa a chance to discover himself. With the help of Foggy Nelson, T'Challa assumes the identity of Mr. Okonkwo, an immigrant from the Congo and manager of a diner called Devil's Kitchen, so that he can blend in and learn about the denizens as an ordinary man. He gets on well with two of the Kitchen's staff: Sofija, a migrant from Serbia who was formerly involved in violent Serbian nationalism, and the busboy, Brian. He also gets to know some of the neighbors from his apartment block: Mr. Nantakarn and his son Alec, as well as Iris, a social worker assigned to handle cases of child abuse.[87]

T'Challa finds himself up against an ambitious new crime lord, Vlad Dinu, who styles himself "The Impaler". He also seeks an understanding with the police through Detective Alex Kurtz. During an attempt by Vlad to terminate the Panther, Brian from the Devil's Kitchen is seriously injured by an energy blast from Vlad, and is reported dead. The conflict between Vlad and the Panther becomes more personal, especially after Vlad discovers the Panther over his wife Angela dead from a gunshot wound.[87]

T'Challa learns that Iris was the serial shooter who killed abusers of children—Gabe was abused secretly by Angela. Brian was kidnapped by his doctor, Dr. Holman, at the behest of Nicolae who wanted to use someone who received a dose of Vlad's power. After being subjected to torturous experiments, Brian lost the ability to think for himself but was rescued by Gabe who also stole the serum produced from the experiment meant to endow the recipient with Vlad's powers. The Panther obtains evidence of Vlad Dinu's crimes as well as clues to Iris as the serial shooter, and turns the evidence over to Kurtz. Vlad kills his own son Nicolae before being subdued by the Panther. Gabe is arrested for attempting to take Iris' life. Before being taken away, Gabe reveals to the Panther Brian's fate. Though aware of the Panther's identity as Mr. Okonkwo, both Iris and Sofija promise to keep silent.[87]

Wakanda again

Shortly after Daredevil returns to Hell's Kitchen, T'Challa returns to Wakanda, serving as a second to his sister, Shuri. In preparation for an upcoming attack on Wakanda as part of the Avengers vs. X-Men storyline, the Panther God returns T'Challa's abilities.[88] Empowered by the Phoenix, Namor destroys Wakanda with a massive tidal wave.[89] Returning to help, Storm is stunned when the Panther informs her that their marriage has been annulled.[90]

Incursions

After witnessing an alternate Earth over Wakanda being destroyed by the Black Swan, T'Challa reforms the Illuminati—with Beast replacing the now-deceased Charles Xavier—to confront the threat of the Incursions, parallel universes colliding with each other to the destruction of both. Although able to avert one Incursion with the Infinity Gauntlet, the subsequent destruction of the Infinity Gems forces the group to decide to resort to more questionable measures to protect Earth from future Incursions, wiping Captain America's mind so that he will not remember these events, allowing them to do "what needs to be done".[91] Although equipped with planet-destroying weapons to protect Earth, the Illuminati mostly become disgusted with the wholesale slaughter, until Namor breaks off from the group to form a new Cabal of villains to do what the heroes will not. Despite Namor's Cabal achieving legitimacy as Earth's protectors, Namor grew weary of the wholesale slaughter they carried out in the name of preserving their universe. Although he collaborated with the Illuminati in a plan to destroy the Cabal by trapping them on the next Earth to be destroyed, Black Panther and Black Bolt left him behind to die with the Cabal, disgusted at his earlier actions,[92] although Namor and the Cabal escape to the Ultimate universe when the other Earth has a simultaneous Incursion.[93]

Secret Wars

When the final Incursion occurs during the 2015 "Secret Wars" storyline, resulting in all realities collapsing into one Earth, Black Panther is one of the few heroes to survive the Incursion in a specially-designed "life pod"—other survivors including Mister Fantastic, Star-Lord, Spider-Man, the new Thor, Captain Marvel and a Phoenix-enhanced Cyclops—although they are only released into the new world after an eight-year stasis. Retrieved by Doctor Strange, they learn that Strange has assumed a role of "sheriff" to Doctor Doom, who has appointed himself the god of the new "Battleworld" created from the multiple realities.[94] Although Doom effortlessly kills Cyclops, Strange protects the other heroes by dispersing them across Battleworld,[95] with T'Challa and Namor eventually discovering a new version of the Infinity Gauntlet that Strange collected, ensuring that the Gems he found would work in the location where Doom built his main fortress.[96] Recruiting the residents of the deadlands as an army, T'Challa marches on Doom at the same time as multiple other areas rebel against him through the encouragement of the heroes,[97] but admits when Doom confronts him that he was only intended as a distraction while Reed targets Doom's power source. As Reed takes Doom's power and sets out to rebuild the multiverse, T'Challa uses the Time Gem to take himself back to Wakanda before the Incursions, proclaiming to his people that they will lead the way to the stars and explore new ideas.[98]

All-New, All-Different Marvel

As part of the All-New, All-Different Marvel, Black Panther is a member of the Ultimates.[99]

During the 2016 "Civil War II" storyline, Black Panther represents Wakanda on the Alpha Flight Space Program's Board of Governors.[100] He sides with Captain Marvel on needing help from an Inhuman who can predict the possible future named Ulysses Kain. Black Panther and Shuri take part in the fight against the Leviathon Tide.[101]

During Hydra's reign over America led by Arnim Zola, Baron Zemo and Steve Rogers, Panther is captured for opposing this regime, and brought into a containing room. Once Panther and Zemo are alone, Winter Soldier rescues Panther. Panther entrusts the unconscious Zemo to Winter Soldier, while trailing Rogers and Zola into the secret lab. Panther finds out that Zola infused a brainwashed Captain America with a Cosmic Cube using a stolen Stark tech modified by Zola himself, and warns his allies to retreat from a Cosmic Cube-powered Steve Rogers, but is too late.[102] Even though one of the heroes knows they cannot defeat a Cosmic Cube-powered Supreme Hydra Rogers, Winter Soldier, Captain America (Sam Wilson) and Ant-Man (Scott Lang) trick Rogers by surrendering the last fragment of the cube to him. Winter Soldier and Ant-Man steal the cube from Rogers before he uses its full potential, and bring back Kobik and the real Steve Rogers.[103][104]

After the defeat of Supreme Hydra Steve Rogers, Black Panther establishes his quest to go across the universe with his people, and found an Intergalactic Empire of Wakanda on Planet Bast, located in the Benhazin Star System.[105][106]

Black Panther later hosts a meeting with Arabian Knight from Saudi Arabia, Sabra from Israel, Sunfire from Japan, Collective Man from China, Captain Britain from the United Kingdom, and Ursa Major from Russia in the Eden Room of Avengers Mountain. The meeting has Black Panther proposing that they work together to protect the world from future threats. Sabra talked to Black Panther about the actions caused by Namor and the Defenders of the Deep. Losing his patience, Ursa Major started to get aggressive towards Black Panther. This caused Black Panther to have Avengers Mountain's teleportation system send Ursa Major to Siberia. Afterwards, Black Panther apologized and commented to the other representatives that he hoped that the Russian government would send Crimson Dynamo and that they sent Ursa Major on purpose. Black Panther concluded that they will not be getting any allies from Russia. He also gave a theory that the U.S. government will not be allies of the Avengers after mentioning that somebody else repelled the Defenders of the Deep from Alaska.[107]

Black Panther later infiltrates the Pentagon to confront Phil Coulson. When Coulson summons the Squadron Supreme of America, they plan to arrest him. Black Panther states to them that he doesn't know how they got their powers and that they are not the Squadron Supreme as he even asked if they trust Phil Coulson. Before they can grab him, Black Panther contacts Broo to teleport him away. As he disappears, Black Panther states that Phil Coulson won't answer their questions and that the Avengers aren't their enemies unless they forced them to be.[108]

Powers and abilities

The title "Black Panther" is a rank of office, chieftain of the Wakandan Panther Clan. As chieftain, the Panther is entitled to consume a special heart-shaped herb which, in addition to his mystical, shamanistic connection with the Wakandan Panther God Bast, grants him superhumanly acute senses, enhanced strength, speed, agility, stamina, durability, healing, and reflexes.[109][110]

He has since lost this connection and forged a new one with another unknown Panther deity, granting him augmented physical attributes as well as a resistance to magic.[85] His senses are so powerful that he can pick up a prey's scent and memorize tens of thousands of individual ones. Following his war with Doom, T'Challa loses his enhanced abilities only to once again establish a connection with the Panther God.[88] In addition to the resurgence of his now superhuman abilities, he is anointed "King of the Dead", granting him the power and knowledge of all the past Black Panthers as well as the ability to control the Undead.[111] After Battleworld and the resurgence of the Multiverse T'challa eventually showcased new powers in regards to his King of the Dead status, for not only could he reanimate the dead but summon departed spirits into the physical world with tangible form as well. Using these spiritual energies also enables him to conjure a mystical spear of glowing blue energy to his hand.[112]

T'Challa worked with his sorcerer, Zawavari, to endow T'Challa with immunity to mystical attacks and detection in order to defeat Dr. Doom. When T'Challa's alchemical upgrade was tested by means of Wakanda's most powerful acolytes attacking T'Challa in unison, each mystical attack was absorbed and only served to strengthen T'Challa. During these preparations, T'Challa invented a potent mystical-scientific hybrid art called "shadow physics" and was able to use it to craft shadow weapons and to track vibranium on a quantum level.[85]

As king of Wakanda, the Panther has access to a vast collection of magical artifacts, advanced Wakandan technological and military hardware, and the support of his nation's wide array of scientists, warriors, and mystics. The Wakandan military has been described as one of the most powerful on Earth. His attire is the sacred vibranium costume of the Wakandan Panther Cult.

He is a skilled hunter, tracker, strategist, politician, inventor, and scientist. He has a PhD in physics from Oxford University. He is proficient in physics and advanced technology, and is also an inventor. T'Challa has been granted the strength and knowledge of every past Black Panther.[88]

T'Challa is rigorously trained in acrobatics and hand-to-hand combat. He is skilled in various forms of unarmed combat, with a unique hybrid fighting style that incorporates acrobatics and aspects of animal mimicry.[113]

The chieftain of the Wakandan Panther Clan is one of the wealthiest people in the world, although financial estimates are difficult given Wakanda's isolation from the world's economy and the uncertain value of Wakanda's vast vibranium reserves and extremely advanced technologies.[114]

In Black Panther volume 3, writer Christopher Priest expanded the Panther's day-to-day arsenal to include equipment such as an "energy dagger", a vibranium-weave suit, and a portable supercomputer, the "Kimoyo card".[115] In Black Panther volume 4, writer Reginald Hudlin introduced such specialized equipment as "thrice-blessed armor" and "light armor" for specific tasks,[116] and for a short while outfitted him with the Ebony Blade of the Black Knight.[117] In Black Panther volume 6, Ta-Nehisi Coates and Brian Stelfreeze introduced a new suit for T'Challa that allows him to absorb kinetic energy and redistribute it as energy bursts.[118]

Other Black Panthers
Main article: List of Black Panther supporting characters

The mantle of the Black Panther is passed down from generation to generation among the rulers of Wakanda[119] although it must still be deserved through a severe selection involving the best warriors of the nation.

Black Panther 1,000,000 B.C.

This Black Panther appeared for the first time in Marvel Legacy #1 (November 2017). This Black Panther is part of a team called the Avengers in 1,000,000 B.C. which also consisted of Agamotto, Lady Phoenix, Odin, and prehistoric versions of Ghost Rider, Iron Fist, and Star Brand. The Stone Age Avengers defeated the Fallen and sealed it underground in what would become South Africa.[120]

Bashenga

Bashenga appeared for the first time in Black Panther Vol. 1 #7 (January 1978) by Jack Kirby (scripts and drawings). Wise warrior at the head of the Panther Tribe, according to legends, during the tumult where the vibranium meteorite fell on the soil of the village, then composed of various warring clans, he gathered all the aforementioned under his guide to defeating the inhabitants transformed by the impact into fierce "demonic spirits", a company which has unified the nation by founding Wakanda and becoming its first ruler[121][122] and the first to obtain the title of "Black Panther" as it tells of his "spiritual connection" with the Panther God Bast that led to the foundation of the Cult of the Panther.[119]

Chanda (Azzuri)

Chanda appeared for the first time in Fantastic Four Unlimited Vol. 1 #1 (March 1993) by Roy Thomas (scripts) and Herb Trimpe (drawings). Black Panther and ruler of Wakanda during the Second World War, Chanda is the husband of Nanali and father of T'Chaka and S'Yan; distinguished by an excessively good and compassionate nature, he welcomed the Nazi colonel Fritz Klaue after he crashed into his reign due to a plane crash. Over time, the two make a kind of friendship and Klaue develops a strong obsession with the culture of Wakanda coming to try to convince them to make their religion deist rather than spiritist, which causes a strong friction between him and Chanda culminating in the death of Nanali by the Nazi and in its subsequent expulsion from the country.[123]

In several subsequent stories, T'Chaka's father (and husband of Nanali) is called Azzuri the Wise and is presented in a completely different way from Chanda,[124][125] leaving the doubt if it is only a sort of nickname or another character.

T'Chaka
Main article: T'Chaka

T'Chaka appeared for the first time in Fantastic Four Vol. 1 #53 (August 1966) by Stan Lee (script) and Jack Kirby (art). The eldest son of King Azzuri and Queen Nanali, T'Chaka inherits the throne and the title of the Black Panther on his father's death by being helped in his monarch duties by his younger brother and trusted adviser S'Yan.[126] After having married a woman named N'Yami, believing she can not have children, she adopts a child with her, Hunter, however, she later becomes pregnant and dies giving birth to her first child, T'Challa; from the relationship with a woman of another tribe T'Chaka then has a second son, Jakarra, and finally remarries with Ramonda, a woman who grows her children as her own and from whom she has her only daughter, Shuri,[126] but which subsequently disappears into nothingness, leading him to believe that he has abandoned it.[47] To protect the kingdom, T'Chaka instituted a policy of strong isolationism,[127] but in the course of his life he often collaborated with agents of the US government.[125][128] He is killed by Ulysses Klaw after having surprised him to illegally extract vibranium in his kingdom.[129]

Erik Killmonger / N'Jadaka
Main article: Erik Killmonger

In Black Panther Vol. 3 #15 (February 2000), Erik Killmonger challenges and beats T'Challa in a duel for the throne, overthrowing him as king of Wakanda and taking on the role as the Black Panther.[130] He becomes comatose after attempting to ingest the Heart-shaped Herb to acquire the Black Panther's powers, as he is not of royal blood. Killmonger's time as king is short-lived however, as he is killed by Monica Rambeau during T'Challa's attack to reclaim Wakanda.[131]

S'Yan

S'Yan The Fast first appeared in Black Panther Vol. 4 #2 (May 2005) and was created by Reginald Hudlin and John Romita Jr. The second son of King Azzuri and Queen Nanali, S'Yan is T'Chaka's younger and trusted advisor. Although he has no desire to reign, he agrees to ascend the throne after his brother's death until his nephew T'Challa becomes an adult,[126] and becomes one of the most beloved monarchs in the history of Wakanda. When T'Challa returns home and obtains the title of Black Panther, he gladly returns to being a royal adviser.[126] He dies during the war with Latveria defending Ramonda from the soldiers of Doctor Doom.

Shuri
Main article: Shuri (comics)

When T'Challa ends up in a coma because of Doctor Doom,[132] Shuri becomes his substitute as Black Panther and queen of Wakanda which, after the rise of her half-brother to "king of the dead", creates for the first time in history two avatars of the Panther Goddess.

Supporting characters
Main article: List of Black Panther supporting characters

Reception

Black Panther was ranked the 79th greatest comic book character by Wizard magazine.[133] IGN ranked the character the 51st greatest comic book hero, stating that Black Panther could be considered Marvel's equivalent to Batman;[134] he was also ranked tenth in their list of "The Top 50 Avengers".[135] In 2013, ComicsAlliance ranked the Black Panther as #33 on their list of the "50 Sexiest Male Characters in Comics".[136]

Volume 3

Journalist Joe Gross praised Christopher Priest for his characterization of the Black Panther, stating, that the writer "turned an underused icon into the locus of a complicated high adventure by taking the Black Panther to his logical conclusion. T'Challa (the title character) is the enigmatic ruler of a technologically advanced, slightly xenophobic African nation, so he acts like it". Gross applauded the title's "endless wit, sharp characterization, narrative sophistication and explosive splash panels".[137]

Comics reviewer and journalist Mike Sangiacomo, however, criticized the narrative structure. "Christopher Priest's fractured writing is getting on my nerves. Like the Spider-Man comics, I want to like Black Panther, but Priest's deliberately jumbled approach to writing is simply silly. I know it's a style, but does he have to do it every issue?"[138]

Reporter Bill Radford cited similar concerns when the title had just launched. "I appreciate the notion of seeing the Black Panther through the eyes of an Everyman, but the Panther is almost relegated to secondary status in his own book. And Ross' narration jumps around in time so much that I feel like his boss, who, in trying to get Ross to tell her what has happened, complains: 'This is like watching "Pulp Fiction" in rewind. My head is exploding.'"[139]

Volume 4

Publishers Weekly gave a negative review to the first arc, "Who Is the Black Panther?", a modern retelling of the character's origin, saying, "Hudlin's take is caught between a rock and a hard place. His over-the-top narrative is not likely to appeal to fans of the most recent version of the character, but it's too mired in obscure Marvel continuity to attract the more general reader. The plot manages to be convoluted without ever becoming absorbing".[140]

Journalist Shawn Jeffords, citing the lack of appearances of the title character in the first issue, called the new series a "fairly unimpressive launch". Jeffords also said general-audience unfamiliarity was a hindrance. "He's never been a marquee character and to make him one will be tough".[141]

Other versions
Main article: Alternative versions of Black Panther

In other media

Television
  • Marvel Animation and BET began producing a primetime animated series called Black Panther. Djimon Hounsou was cast as the voice of T'Challa / Black Panther.[142][143] The series is produced in motion comic style.[144] The world premiere of the show was in Australia, on ABC 3 on January 16, 2010. The series premiered online in the US on June 23, 2010,[145] and was released on DVD in the US in January 2011.
  • Black Panther appeared in the "Prey of the Black Panther" episode of the 1994 Fantastic Four animated TV series, voiced by Keith David.[146] He enlists the Fantastic Four to help him save Wakanda from the invasion of Klaw. He makes a cameo appearance in later episode "Hopelessly Impossible".
  • The Black Panther had a non-speaking cameo in the X-Men TV series.[147]
  • In The Avengers: United They Stand, a portrait of the Black Panther hangs in Avengers Mansion in Episode 1. While the Black Panther does not appear in the animated series, he does appear in the comic book series based on the show.[148]
  • T'Challa / Black Panther appears in Iron Man: Armored Adventures, voiced by Jeffrey Bowyer-Chapman.[149] As seen in "Panther's Prey", he wears panther-like armor and his father was killed by Moses Magnum. He returns in the episode "Line of Fire" and the series finale "The Makluan Invasion" Parts I and II.
  • T'Challa / Black Panther appears in The Super Hero Squad Show, voiced by Taye Diggs.[150] As seen in the episode "Tremble at the Might of MODOK", he is in a relationship with Storm.
  • Black Panther appears in The Avengers: Earth's Mightiest Heroes, voiced by James C. Mathis III.[151] His origin is told in the episode "The Man in the Ant Hill" where he becomes Black Panther after Man-Ape killed T'Chaka in combat with some unseen help from Klaw. In the episode "Panther's Quest", he made himself known to the Avengers and joins them. However, in the episode "Who Do You Trust?", he leaves the team due to his uncertainty of his teammates and his need to protect Wakanda from the Skrulls. He rejoins the team in the episode "Behold ... The Vision!" after a battle with Vision. He was thought dead in the episode "Operation Galactic Storm" when he drove a Kree ship into the sun. However, just as the ship is about to crash, Panther uses its teleporter to take him to a Kree ship on the other side of the wormhole. On the Kree ship, he steals a smaller ship, and follows the Avengers down to Hala. Panther rescued Iron Man, Vision, Hawkeye, and Thor from a monster, and helped them free the others. He then travels back to Earth with them.
  • T'Challa / Black Panther appears in episode 29 of the Japanese anime series Marvel Disk Wars: The Avengers, voiced by Mahito Ōba. He appears in subsequent episodes as Jessica's "second hero".
  • Black Panther appears in the Avengers Assemble animated series,[152] with James C. Mathis III reprising the role.[153] Introduced in the show's third season Avengers: Ultron Revolution, T'Challa was first seen speaking before an assembly about Wakanda when Crossbones attacks in order to take out T'Challa. After becoming Black Panther and helping Captain America to take out Crossbones, T'Challa makes off with Captain America's shield claiming that it was stolen property. This leads Captain America to bring Iron Man, Hawkeye, and Thor to Wakanda in order to reclaim it. During the confrontation, Black Panther claims that Howard Stark stole vibranium in order to make Captain America's shield. To make matters worse, Ulysses Klaue appears where he makes off with Captain America's shield upon using a sound attack on the group. Both sides work to find Klaue as Captain America states to Black Panther that T'Chaka gave the vibranium for Stark to make into Captain America's shield. Tracking him to a hideout in the Himalayas, the Avengers and Black Panther engage Klaue in an armor made out of vibranium. With a special tactic, the Avengers and Black Panther were able to knock Klaue out of the armor as Black Panther plans to make Ulysses Klaue answer for his crimes. With Klaue's vibranium armor in Wakandan custody, Black Panther changes his opinion of the Avengers and is offered reserve membership into the group. In the show's fourth season Avengers: Secret Wars, Black Panther becomes the new leader of the All-New, All-Different Avengers (consisting of himself, Captain Marvel, Ant-Man, Wasp, Vision, and Ms. Marvel) after the original team disappears. On July 22, 2017, Marvel renewed Avengers Assemble for a fifth season titled Avengers: Black Panther's Quest centering around T'Challa.[154]
    • Avengers: Black Panther's Quest also featured the past Black Panthers like Chanda (renamed "T'Chanda" and voiced by Corey Jones[155]), an exclusive Black Panther named Yemandi (voiced by Anika Noni Rose[156]), and Bashenga (voiced by Phil LaMarr[157]).
  • Black Panther appears in the Marvel Future Avengers anime series, reprised by Mahito Ōba in Japanese and James C. Mathis III in English.
  • Chadwick Boseman is set to reprise his role as T'Challa in the Disney+ animated series, What If...?, in an episode about T'Challa becoming Star-Lord instead of becoming the Black Panther.[158]

Film

Live-action

Chadwick Boseman portrays T'Challa/Black Panther within the Marvel Cinematic Universe, first appearing in Captain America: Civil War (2016).[159][160] In the film, he is shown displaying enhanced speed, agility, strength, and durability, which he gains from ingesting the heart-shaped herb, as in the comics.[161] His suit has retractable claws and is made of a vibranium weave, which can deflect heavy machine gun fire and withstand explosive attacks. As of the 2018 film Black Panther, he wears a new variant of the suit that can absorb kinetic energy (represented as purple highlights) and release it as a light purple shockwave after enough energy has been amassed. It can also fold into a silver necklace.

  • During the events of Civil War, motivated by revenge for his father's death during the UN signing of the Sokovian Accords in the aftermath of Avengers: Age of Ultron, T'Challa joins Iron Man's faction to oppose Captain America as he is protecting the Winter Soldier who was implicated for the attack. But T'Challa learns the bombing attack was actually arranged by Helmut Zemo to orchestrate his own revenge on the Avengers for inadvertently creating the Sokovia crisis which killed his family. After hearing Zemo's confession as he succeeded in turning Stark and Rogers against each other, T'Challa renounces his revenge while preventing Zemo's suicide and handing him over to Everett K. Ross. T'Challa grants Rogers and Barnes sanctuary in Wakanda while also aiding in the latter's recovery from his Hydra brainwashing.
  • Boseman reprises the role in Black Panther (2018).[159][160] By October 2015, Joe Robert Cole was in final negotiations to write the film's script.[162] In January 2016, it was announced that Ryan Coogler had been hired to direct the film,[163] and was later revealed to be co-writing the script with Cole.[164] Filming began in January 2017 at Pinewood Studios in Atlanta, Georgia.[165] The film was released on February 16, 2018.[166] During the film's storyline, after completing the ritual of succession, T'Challa finds himself dealing with opposition to his new position from various fronts.
  • Boseman appears as Black Panther again in Avengers: Infinity War (2018).[167] In the film, T'Challa (Black Panther), Steve Rogers, Bucky, most of the Avengers, Rocket Raccoon and Groot try to defend Wakanda from the oncoming onslaught of outriders sent by Thanos, who seeks to claim all the Infinity Stones to destroy half of all living creatures in the universe. When his plan succeeds, many of Earth's citizens and the Avengers disintegrate, with Black Panther being among them.
  • Boseman reprises the role in Avengers: Endgame.[168] He is revived when Bruce Banner activates the Infinity Stones. He joins the Avengers in their final stand against Thanos and his army at the Avengers compound. After Tony Stark uses the infinity stones to disintegrate Thanos and his army, he is killed and T'Challa attends his funeral.[169]

Animation
  • Black Panther appears in the direct-to-DVD animated feature Ultimate Avengers 2 (2006) as a central character, voiced by Jeffrey D. Sams. Like his father, this version has the ability to turn into a humanoid black panther.
  • In the direct-to-DVD film, Next Avengers: Heroes of Tomorrow, T'Challa has a son with Storm named Azari. Black Panther was called one last time to fight with the Avengers against the robot Ultron, but Black Panther did not survive. It is unknown what happened to Storm, for after the Battle with Ultron, Tony Stark (Iron Man) raised Azari along with the children of the fallen members of the Avengers.[170]
  • Black Panther appears in the 2014 animated motion comic movie Marvel Knights: Wolverine vs. Sabretooth, voiced by Omari Newton.[153] When Wolverine winds up in Africa, Black Panther and Storm assist him.[171]
  • Black Panther appears in the 2018 animated Lego film Black Panther: Trouble in Wakanda, voiced again by James C. Mathis III.[172][173]

Web

In 2016, Disney XD launched on its YouTube channel the motion comic "Black Panther in ... The Visitor".[174]

Video games

Novels
  • J. Holland, Jesse. Black Panther: Who is the Black Panther? (2017) ISBN 9781302902674
  • Jim McCann. Black Panther - The Junior Novel (2018) - novelization of the movie Black Panther. ISBN 9780316413206

Little Golden Books

Two Little Golden Books were published.[189]

  • Frank Berrios. Black Panther (2018) ISBN 9781524763886
  • Frank Berrios. Warriors of Wakanda (2018) ISBN 9781984831729


Mighty Marvel Chapter Books

Role-playing games
  • Black Panther appears in the 1984 role-playing game based on Marvel characters, Marvel Super Heroes. He also appears in all subsequent updates and versions.[190]

Audio serial

Serial Box Publishing will produce an audio serial starring Black Panther as part of a partnership with Marvel.[191]

Collected editions

Marvel Masterworks
Title Material collected Year ISBN
Marvel Masterworks: Black Panther Volume 1 Jungle Action #6–24 2010 978-0785141990
Marvel Masterworks: Black Panther Volume 2 Black Panther #1–15, Marvel Premiere #51–53, back-up story from Marvel Team-Up #100 2016 978-1302900205

Epic Collections
Title Material collected Year ISBN
Black Panther Epic Collection Volume 1: Panther's Rage Fantastic Four #52–53, Jungle Action #6–24 2016 978-1302901905
Black Panther Epic Collection Volume 2: Revenge of the Black Panther Black Panther (Vol. 1, 1977) #1-15, Marvel Premiere #51-53, Black Panther (Vol. 2, 1988) #1-4, and material from Marvel Team-Up #100 2019 978-1302915421

Volume 1
Title Material collected Year ISBN
Black Panther by Jack Kirby Volume 1 Black Panther #1–7 2005 978-0785116875
Black Panther by Jack Kirby Volume 2 Black Panther #8–13 2006 978-0785120698

Miniseries
Title Material collected Year ISBN
Black Panther: Panther's Quest Material from Marvel Comics Presents #13-37 2018 978-1302908034

Volume 3
Title Material collected Year ISBN
Black Panther Vol. 1: The Client Black Panther Volume 3 #1–5 2001 978-0785107897
Black Panther Vol. 2: Enemy of the State Black Panther Volume 3 #6–12 2002 978-0785108290
Black Panther by Christopher Priest: The Complete Collection Volume 1 Black Panther vol. 3 #1–17 2015 978-0785192671
Black Panther by Christopher Priest: The Complete Collection Volume 2 Black Panther vol. 3 #18–35, Deadpool Vol. 3 #44 2015 978-0785198116
Black Panther by Christopher Priest: The Complete Collection Volume 3 Black Panther vol. 3 #36–49, #57–58; Incredible Hulk vol. 3 #33; Thor vol. 1 #370
material from Marvel Double-Shot 2		 2016 978-0785195085
Black Panther by Christopher Priest: The Complete Collection Volume 4 Black Panther vol. 3 #50–56, #59–62; The Crew 1–7 2016 978-1302900588

Volume 4
Title Material collected Year ISBN
Black Panther: Who is the Black Panther? Black Panther vol. 4 #1–6 2006 978-0785120483
House of M: World of M Featuring Wolverine Wolverine vol. 3 #33–35, Black Panther vol. 4 #7,
Captain America vol. 5 #10, The Pulse #10.		 2006 978-0785119227
X-Men/Black Panther: Wild Kingdom Black Panther vol. 4 #8–9, X-Men vol. 2 #175–176 2006 978-0785117896
Black Panther: Bad Mutha Black Panther vol. 4 #10–13 2006 978-0785117506
Black Panther: The Bride Black Panther vol. 4 #14–18 2006 978-0785121077
Black Panther: Civil War Black Panther vol. 4 #19–25 2007 978-0785122357
Black Panther: Four the Hard Way Black Panther vol. 4 #26–30 2007 978-0785126553
Black Panther: Little Green Men Black Panther vol. 4 #31–34 2008 978-0785126577
Black Panther: Back To Africa Black Panther vol. 4 #35–38, Annual #1 2008 978-0785124528
Black Panther: Secret Invasion Black Panther vol. 4 #39–41 2008 978-0785133971
Black Panther by Reginald Hudlin: The Complete Collection Vol. 1 Black Panther vol. 4 #1–18, X-Men vol. 2 #175–176 2017 978-1302907716
Black Panther by Reginald Hudlin: The Complete Collection Vol. 2 Black Panther vol. 4 #19–34, Annual vol. 4 #1 2018 978-1302909475
Black Panther by Reginald Hudlin: The Complete Collection Vol. 3 Black Panther vol. 4 #35–41, Black Panther vol. 5 #1–6, Black Panther/Captain America: Flags of Our Fathers 1–4, Black Panther Saga 2018 978-1302910358

Volume 5
Title Material collected Year ISBN
Black Panther: The Deadliest of the Species Black Panther vol. 5, #1–6 2009 978-0785133421
Black Panther: Power Black Panther vol. 5, #7–12 2010 978-0785138617
Doomwar Doomwar #1–6 2011 978-0785147152
Black Panther: Doomwar Black Panther vol. 5, #7–12, Doomwar #1–6, Klaws of the Panther #1–4, Material from Age of Heroes #4 2017 978-1302904166

The Man Without Fear/The Most Dangerous Man Alive
Title Material collected Year ISBN
Black Panther: The Man Without Fear: Urban Jungle Black Panther: The Man Without Fear #513–518
material from the X-Men Curse of the Mutants Spotlight		 2011 978-0785145233
Black Panther: The Man Without Fear: Fear Itself Black Panther: The Man Without Fear #519–523, Black Panther: The Most Dangerous Man Alive #524 2012 978-0785152064
Black Panther – The Most Dangerous Man Alive: The Kingpin of Wakanda Black Panther: The Most Dangerous Man Alive #523.1, 525–529 2012 978-0785160373
Black Panther: The Man Without Fear – The Complete Collection Black Panther: The Man Without Fear #513–523, Black Panther: The Most Dangerous Man Alive #523.1, 524–529 2018 978-1302907723

Volume 6
Title Material collected Pages Date Published ISBN
Paperback
A Nation Under Our Feet Book 1 Black Panther Vol. 6 #1–4, Fantastic Four Vol. 1 #52 144 September 13, 2016 978-1302900533
A Nation Under Our Feet Book 2 Black Panther Vol. 6 #5–8 January 24, 2017 978-1302900540
A Nation Under Our Feet Book 3 Black Panther Vol. 6 #9–12 April 25, 2017 978-1302901912
Book 4: Avengers of the New World Part 1 Black Panther Vol. 6 #13–18 November 21, 2017 978-1302906498
Book 5: Avengers of the New World Part 2 Black Panther #166-172 136 June 12, 2018 978-1302909888
Oversized hardback
Vol. 1 Black Panther Vol. 6 #1–12 296 August 15, 2017 978-1302904159
Vol. 2: Avengers of the New World Black Panther Vol. 6 #13-18, 166-172 264 November 27, 2018 978-1302908959
Miscellaneous
World of Wakanda Black Panther: World of Wakanda #1–6 144 June 27, 2017 978-1302906504
Black Panther & the Crew: We Are the Streets Black Panther & the Crew #1–6 136 October 31, 2017 978-1302908324
Rise of the Black Panther Rise of the Black Panther #1-6 August 14, 2018 978-1302908843
Wakanda Forever Amazing Spider-Man: Wakanda Forever, X-Men: Wakanda Forever, Avengers: Wakanda Forever, Black Panther Annual vol. 2 #1 136 November 6, 2018 978-1302913588

Volume 7
Title Material collected Pages Date Published ISBN
Paperback
Black Panther Book 6: The Intergalactic Empire of Wakanda Part 1 Black Panther vol. 7 #1-6 136 February 5, 2019 978-1302912932
Black Panther Book 7: The Intergalactic Empire of Wakanda Part 2 Black Panther vol. 7 #7-12 136 August 6, 2019 978-1302912949
Black Panther Book 8: The Intergalactic Empire of Wakanda Part 3 Black Panther vol. 7 #13-18 136 December 24, 2019 978-1302914462
Black Panther Book 9: The Intergalactic Empire of Wakanda Part 4 Black Panther vol. 7 #19-25 152 August 25, 2020 978-1302921101
Oversized hardback
Black Panther Vol. 3: The Intergalactic Empire of Wakanda Part One Black Panther vol. 7 #1-12 272 August 11, 2020 978-1302925314
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See also

References
  1. "IGN's Top 100 Comic Book Heroes: #51 Black Panther". IGN.
  2. Cronin, Brian (December 5, 2008). "Comic Book Legends Revealed #183". Retrieved December 13, 2008.
  3. "Origin of the Black Panther Party logo". H.K. Yuen Social Movement Archive. Retrieved December 13, 2008.
  4. Mitchell, Maurice (February 14, 2018). "The Secret History of Black Panther by Stan Lee". The Geek Twins.
  5. Christopher, Tom (2002). "Orrin C. Evans and the story of All-Negro Comics". TomChristopher.com. Archived from the original on March 7, 2009. Retrieved July 1, 2011. Reprinted from Comics Buyer's Guide February 28, 1997, pp. 32, 34, 37-38. Article includes reprinted editorial page "All-Negro Comics: Presenting Another First in Negro History" from All-Negro Comics #1
  6. "Wakanda Forever: How 'Black Panther' Upholds a Revolutionary Legacy". Chapelboro.com. February 21, 2018. Retrieved February 12, 2020.
  7. Nevins, Jess (August 18, 2004). "Waku". ratmmjess. Archived from the original on August 18, 2004. Retrieved February 12, 2020.
  8. Fisher, Stuart (February 21, 2018). "Those Unforgettable Super-Heroes of Dell & Gold Key". Alter Ego. No. 151. TwoMorrows Publishing.
  9. When Fantastic Four member the Thing asked about the name change, T'Challa responded, "I contemplate a return to your country, Ben Grimm, where the latter term has —political connotations. I neither condemn nor condone those who have taken up the name, but T'Challa is a law unto himself. Hence, the new name—a minor point, at best, since the panther is a leopard."
  10. "Where Black Panther Won't Go Next".
  11. Thomas, Roy (August 2011). "Stan Lee's Amazing Marvel Interview!". Alter Ego. TwoMorrows Publishing (104): 38–39.
  12. COAL Tiger, marvunapp.com
  13. Morrow, John; Kirby, Jack (2004). Collected Jack Kirby Collector. TwoMorrows Publishing. ISBN 9781893905009.
  14. Lee, Stan; Roy Thomas (2006). Stan Lee's Amazing Marvel Universe. New York, New York: Sterling Publishing. p. 54. ISBN 978-1-4027-4225-5.
  15. Wells, John (2014). American Comic Book Chronicles: 1965-1969. TwoMorrows Publishing. pp. 89–90. ISBN 978-1605490557.
  16. Brodsky, Bob (July 1998). "Stan the Man Lee: Maestro of the Marvel Mythos". Comic Book Marketplace (61): 28–36, 45–54.
  17. Howe, Sean (2013). "Chapter 3". Marvel Comics: The Untold Story. Harper Perennial. ISBN 978-0061992117.
  18. McDuffie, Dwayne (n.d.). "To Be Continued". (column #3), Dwayne McDuffie official site. Archived from the original on December 8, 2010. Retrieved October 9, 2011.
  19. Jungle Action, Marvel, 1973 Series, at the Grand Comics Database.
  20. Sacks, Jason. "Panther's Rage". ComicsBulletin.com. Archived from the original on July 4, 2008.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link) Additional .
  21. McGregor, Don. "Panther's Chronicles" (introduction), Marvel Masterworks: The Black Panther Vol. 1 (Marvel Worldwide, 2010), pp. xii–xii (unnumbered).
  22. Stewart, Tom (April 2008). "The Blackest Panther: Don McGregor in the Jungles of Wakanda". Back Issue!. TwoMorrows Publishing (27): 57–61.
  23. Stewart, Tom (April 2008). "Jungle Adventure! Jack Kirby Arrives". Back Issue!. TwoMorrows Publishing (27): 62.
  24. Black Panther, Marvel, 1977 Series at the Grand Comics Database
  25. Black Panther (II) (1988) at The Unofficial Handbook of Marvel Comics Creators. WebCitation archive.
  26. Black Panther, Marvel, 1988 Series at the Grand Comics Database
  27. Marvel Comics Presents, Marvel 1988 series at the Grand Comics Database
  28. Black Panther: Panther's Prey at the Grand Comics Database
  29. Sacks, Ethan (March 19, 2002). "The unsung heroes: Blade & Co. help to close racial divide". Daily News.
  30. Black Panther (IV) (2005–2008) at The Unofficial Handbook of Marvel Comics Creators
  31. Black Panther, Marvel, Marvel Knights imprint, 2005 Series at the Grand Comics Database
  32. Davenport, Misha (February 2, 2005). "A superhero reinvented for hip-hop generation". Chicago Sun-Times.
  33. Black Panther (V) (Shuri) (2009–2010) at The Unofficial Handbook of Marvel Comics Creators
  34. Black Panther, Marvel, 2009 Series at the Grand Comics Database
  35. "2009's 'Black Panther' News Is a Bombshell..." The Washington Post. October 21, 2008.
  36. "The Osborn Supremacy : Black Panther". Comic Book Resources. January 6, 2009.
  37. "A New Team for Black Panther". IGN. May 11, 2009.
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