Svalbard and Jan Mayen

Svalbard and Jan Mayen (Norwegian: Svalbard og Jan Mayen, ISO 3166-1 alpha-2: SJ, ISO 3166-1 alpha-3: SJM, ISO 3166-1 numeric: 744) is a statistical designation defined by ISO 3166-1 for a collective grouping of two remote jurisdictions of Norway: Svalbard and Jan Mayen. While the two are combined for the purposes of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) category, they are not administratively related. This has further resulted in the country code top-level domain .sj being issued for Svalbard and Jan Mayen, and ISO 3166-2:SJ. The United Nations Statistics Division also uses this code, but has named it Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands.

This article is about the collective term "Svalbard and Jan Mayen" as defined by the ISO. For the two separate territories, see Svalbard and Jan Mayen.
Svalbard and Jan Mayen in the world

Svalbard is an archipelago in the Arctic Ocean under the sovereignty of Norway, but is subject to the special status granted by the Svalbard Treaty. Jan Mayen is a remote island in the Arctic Ocean; it has no permanent population and is administrated by the County Governor of Nordland. Svalbard and Jan Mayen have in common that they are the only integrated parts of Norway not allocated to counties. While a separate ISO code for Svalbard was proposed by the United Nations, it was the Norwegian authorities who took initiative to include Jan Mayen in the code. Its official language is Norwegian.

Constituents

Svalbard
Both Svalbard and Jan Mayen consist almost entirely of Arctic wilderness, such as at Bellsund in Svalbard
Main article: Svalbard

Svalbard is an archipelago in the Arctic about midway between mainland Norway and the North Pole. The group of islands range from 74° to 81° north latitude, and from 10° to 35° east longitude.[1][2] The area is 61,022 square kilometres (23,561 sq mi) and there were 2,572 residents in 2009. Spitsbergen is the largest island, followed by Nordaustlandet and Edgeøya.[3] The administrative center is Longyearbyen, and other settlements, in addition to research outposts, are the Russian mining community of Barentsburg, the research community of Ny-Ålesund and the mining outpost of Sveagruva.[4]

The Svalbard Treaty of 1920 recognizes Norwegian sovereignty,[5] and the 1925 Svalbard Act made Svalbard a full part of the Kingdom of Norway. The archipelago is administrated by the Governor of Svalbard, which is subordinate to the Norwegian Ministry of Justice and the Police.[6][7] Unlike the rest of Norway (including Jan Mayen), Svalbard is a free economic zone and a demilitarized zone,[5] and is not part of the Schengen Area nor the European Economic Area.[8]

Jan Mayen
Main article: Jan Mayen

Jan Mayen is a volcanic island in the Arctic Ocean located at the border of the Norwegian Sea and the Greenland Sea. The single island covers an area of 377 square kilometres (146 sq mi) and is dominated by the 2,277-metre (7,470 ft) tall Beerenberg volcano. The island's only population is a combined military and meteorological outpost that operates a LORAN-C transmitter at Olonkinbyen. The Norwegian Meteorological Institute annexed the island for Norway in 1922. On 27 February 1930, the island was made de jure a part of the Kingdom of Norway. Since 1994, the island has been administrated by the County Governor of Nordland, with some authority delegated to the station commander.[9]

Application
Map of Norway showing the location of Svalbard and Jan Mayen

The ISO designation is congruent with an equivalent United Nations Statistics Division category and users of these classification systems may in some cases report separately for "Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands" instead of rolling up this information into the "Norway" category.[10] Neither Svalbard nor Jan Mayen have their own flag or coat of arms, and the flag of Norway is used for both of them, both alone and as a group.[4][9]

An attempt to change the ISO code to just "Svalbard" has previously failed because of opposition from the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. However, for statistics use within population and trade, "Svalbard and Jan Mayen" essentially means just "Svalbard".[11]

ISO 3166-2
Main article: ISO 3166-2:SJ

ISO 3166-2:SJ is the entry for Svalbard and Jan Mayen in ISO 3166-2, a system for assigning codes to subnational administrative divisions. However, further subdivision for Svalbard and Jan Mayen occurs under Norway's entry, ISO 3166-2:NO:[12]

The hierarchical administrative subdivision codes for Svalbard is SJ.SV and for Jan Mayen is SJ.JM.[12]

Top-level domain
Main article: .sj

By virtue of the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code SJ, Svalbard and Jan Mayen were grouped together and allocated the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) .sj.[13] Norid, who also administrated the Norway's .no ccTLD, was given the responsibility for the .sj and Bouvet Island's .bv domain in 1997. Policy prohibits any registration with either of the domains, as institutions connected to Svalbard can use the .no domain. Norwegian authorities do not want to commercialize the domain resources, and therefore .sj will not be sold to a third party.[14]

gollark: Wait, string.dump could work, I guess.
gollark: I originally tried `load` with an env table for the sandbox, but that failed horribly for some reason. Basically, while functions I explicitly redefined were fine, anything depending on them kept the old values somehow.
gollark: That kind of makes sense. Is there a way around that other than pcalling it?
gollark: Well, it's better than potatOS's current sandbox... probably.
gollark: `setfenv cannot change environment of given object` - what?

References
  1. "Svalbard". Norwegian Polar Institute. Archived from the original on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 4 March 2012.
  2. "Svalbard Treaty". Wikisource. 9 February 1920. Retrieved 24 March 2010.
  3. "Population in the settlements. Svalbard". Statistics Norway. 22 October 2009. Archived from the original on 28 July 2011. Retrieved 4 March 2012.
  4. "Svalbard". World Fact Book. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on 12 June 2007. Retrieved 4 March 2012.
  5. "Svalbard Treaty". Governor of Svalbard. Archived from the original on 23 July 2011. Retrieved 4 March 2012.
  6. "5 The administration of Svalbard". Report No. 9 to the Storting (1999-2000): Svalbard. Norwegian Ministry of Justice and the Police. 29 October 1999. Archived from the original on 19 February 2010. Retrieved 4 March 2012.
  7. "Lov om Svalbard" (in Norwegian). Lovdata. 19 June 2009. Retrieved 24 March 2010.
  8. "Lov om gjennomføring i norsk rett av hoveddelen i avtale om Det europeiske økonomiske samarbeidsområde (EØS) m.v. (EØS-loven)" (in Norwegian). Lovdata. 10 August 2007. Archived from the original on 10 December 2000. Retrieved 4 March 2012.
  9. "Jan Mayen". World Fact Book. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on 12 June 2007. Retrieved 4 March 2012.
  10. "Country Information". United Nations Dag Hammarskjöld Library. 5 September 2010. Archived from the original on 29 May 2005. Retrieved 4 March 2012.
  11. Takle, Mona Takle; Vassenden, Kåre (March 2008). "Country classifications in migration statistics – present situation and proposals for a Eurostat standard" (PDF). United Nations Statistical Commission and United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 April 2003. Retrieved 4 March 2012.
  12. "Territories of Svalbard and Jan Mayen". Statoids. 6 April 2005. Archived from the original on 8 January 2004. Retrieved 4 March 2012.
  13. "Delegation Record for .SJ". Internet Assigned Numbers Authority. 13 November 2009. Archived from the original on 17 January 2009. Retrieved 4 March 2012.
  14. "The .sj top level domains". Norid. Retrieved 2 September 2016.

Bibliography

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