Simhendramadhyamam

Simhendramadhyamam is a rāgam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is the 57th melakarta rāgam in the 72 melakarta rāgam system of Carnatic music. It is called Sumadyuti in Muthuswami Dikshitar school of Carnatic music.[1][2] It is said to be borrowed into Hindustani music from Carnatic music.[2]

Simhendramadhyamam
ArohanamS R₂ G₂ M₂ P D₁ N₃ Ṡ
AvarohanamṠ N₃ D₁ P M₂ G₂ R₂ S
EquivalentHungarian minor scale

Carnatic music
Tanjavur-style Tambura
Concepts
Compositions
Instruments
Melody
Sarasvati Vīṇa
Veṇu
Nāgasvaraṃ
Gottuvadhyam (Citra Vīṇa)
Violin
Percussion
Mr̥daṅgaṃ
Ghatam
Morsing
Kanjira
Thavil
Drone
Tambura
Shruti box

Structure and Lakshana
Simhendramadhyamam scale with shadjam at C

It is the 3rd rāgam in the 10th chakra Disi. The mnemonic name is Disi-Go. The mnemonic phrase is sa ri gi mi pa dha ni.[1] Its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows (see swaras in Carnatic music for details on below notation and terms):

It is also equivalent to Hungarian Minor Scale that is also called as Gypsy Minor Scale in Western Music.

This musical scale uses the notes chatushruti rishabham, sadharana gandharam, prati madhyamam, shuddha daivatam and kakali nishadham. As it is a melakarta rāgam, by definition it is a sampūrṇa rāgam (has all seven notes in ascending and descending scale). It is the prati madhyamam equivalent of Kiraṇāvali ( also known by name kīravāṇi ), which is the 21st melakarta.

Janya rāgams

Simhendramadhyamam has a few minor janya rāgams (derived scales) associated with it, of which Vijaya Saraswati, a scale first used by Muthiah Bhagavatar is sung in concerts. See List of janya rāgams for all scales associated with Simhendramadhyamam.

Compositions

Here are a few common compositions sung in concerts, set to Simhendramadhyamam.

Here two famous Bengali songs composed by Rabindranath Tagore & Kazi Nazrul Islam, set to Simhendramadhyamam.

  • Baje Koruno Sure (Rabindra Sangeet)
  • Paradesi Megh Jao Re fire (Nazrul Geeti)

Film Songs

Language:Tamil
Song Movie Composer Singer
Ellaam Inbamayam(Ragamalika starting portion only) Manamagal C. R. Subburaman M. L. Vasanthakumari, P. Leela
Poo Mudippal Indha Poonkuzhali Nenjirukkum Varai M.S.Viswanathan T. M. Soundararajan
Konjum Malar Janani S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Vani Jairam
Illadhathondrillai Thiruvilaiyadal K. V. Mahadevan T. R. Mahalingam
Aanandha Raagam Panneer Pushpangal Illayaraja Uma Ramanan
Thaalaattum Poongaatru Gopura Vasalile S. Janaki
Nee Pournami Oruvar Vaazhum Aalayam K.J. Yesudas
Kaatrodu Kuzhalin Kodai Mazhai K.S. Chitra
Arul Kann Paarvai Aanazhagan
Ennai Yenna Seithai Ivan Sudha Ragunathan
Oru Ganam Ennarukil Nee Irunthal Arunmozhi
Idhayame Idhayame Idhayam S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
Paadi Thirintha Kakkai Siraginilae
Nyabagam Illaiyo Priyanka Illayaraja,S. Janaki
Tajmahal Thevaillai Amaravathi Bala Bharathi S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki
O Ranganatha Nesam Deva S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, K.S. Chitra
Unnaithane Vizhiengu Swarnamukhi Swararaj R. Janani
Sevanthiye Seeru D. Imman Thirumoorthy

This section covers the theoretical and scientific aspect of this rāgam.

Simhendramadhyamam's notes when shifted using Graha bhedam, yields 2 other melakarta rāgams, namely, Mayamalavagowla and Rasikapriya. Graha bhedam is the step taken in keeping the relative note frequencies same, while shifting the shadjam to the next note in the rāgam. For further details and an illustration refer Graha bhedam on Mayamalavagowla.

Notes
  1. Alternate notations:
    • Hindustani: S R G̱ M̄ P Ḏ N Ṡ
    • Western: C D E♭ F♯ G A♭ B C
  2. Alternate notations:
    • Hindustani: Ṡ N Ḏ P M̄ G̱ R S
    • Western: C B A♭ G F♯ E♭ D C
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References
  1. Ragas in Carnatic music by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications
  2. Raganidhi by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras
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