Hanumatodi

Hanumatodi, more popularly known as Todi, (pronounced hanumatōdi and tōdi) is a rāgam(musical scale) in Carnatic music. It is the 8th melakarta rāgam (parent scale) in the 72 melakarta rāgam system. This is sung very often in concerts. It is known to be a difficult rāgam to perform in owing to its complexity in prayoga (phrases of notes and intonation). It is called Janatodi in Muthuswami Dikshitar school of Carnatic music.[1] Its Western equivalent is the Phrygian mode. Todi in Carnatic music is different from Todi (thaat) of Hindustani music (North Indian classical music). The equivalent of the Hindustani raga Todi in Carnatic music is Shubhapantuvarali (which is the 45th melakarta).[2][3] The equivalent of Carnatic Todi in Hindustani is Bhairavi thaat.[2]

Hanumatodi
ArohanamS R₁ G₂ M₁ P D₁ N₂ Ṡ
AvarohanamṠ N₂ D₁ P M₁ G₂ R₁ S
EquivalentPhrygian mode
Carnatic music
Tanjavur-style Tambura
Concepts
Compositions
Instruments
Melody
Sarasvati Vīṇa
Veṇu
Nāgasvaraṃ
Gottuvadhyam (Citra Vīṇa)
Violin
Percussion
Mr̥daṅgaṃ
Ghatam
Morsing
Kanjira
Thavil
Drone
Tambura
Shruti box

Structure and Lakshana
Todi scale with shadjam at C

It is the 2nd rāgam in the 2nd chakra Netra. The mnemonic name is Netra-Sri. The mnemonic phrase is sa ra gi ma pa dha ni.[2] Its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure is as follows (see swaras in Carnatic music page for details on below notation and terms):

This scale uses the notes shuddha rishabham, sadharana gandharam, shuddha madhyamam, shuddha dhaivatham and kaisiki nishadham. It is a sampoorna rāgam - rāgam having all 7 swarams. It is the shuddha madhyamam equivalent of Bhavapriya, which is the 44th melakarta scale. A peculiarity of this raga is that it is sung in all lower notes.

Janya rāgams

Hanumatodi has a quite a few janya rāgams (derived scales) associated with it, of which Asaveri, Janatodi, Dhanyasi, Punnagavarali and Shuddha Seemanthini are popular. See List of janya rāgams for all of Todi's janyas.

Most composers have composed songs in Todi.[3] Thyagaraja alone has composed about 32 compositions in this raga with each composition starting at every single note of the three octaves. Thāye Yashoda, composed by Oottukkadu Venkata Kavi, is a very well known composition, in the Tamil language. This popular kriti is sung frequently in concerts. A popular varnam in the Todi rāgam is Erā Nāpai by Patnam Subramania Iyer, one of the famous composers of Carnatic music.

Other popular compositions are:

  • Era Na Pai a popular Aadi thala varnam by Patnam Subramania Iyer
  • Daani Samajendra, Saridisavasa (Varnams) by Swathi Thirunal
  • Kādhanu vāriki, Dācu kovalena, Proddupoyenu, Dasarathi nee runamu, Aragimpave, Raju Vedale, Endu daginado, Chesinadella, Koluvamaregada, Nee vanti daivamu sadanana and Gati Neevani by Thyagaraja
  • Janani mamava(Navarathri 4th day krithi), Sarasijanabha Murare, Devadevamam Palaya, Japatha Japatha, Devadeva Mam Palayamam, Mandara Dhara, Pankajaksha Tava Sevam, Samodam Kalayami by Swathi Thirunal
  • Shri Krishnam Bhajamaanasa,Daakshayani and Kamalambike by Muthuswami Dikshitar
  • Raave Himagiri Kumari,Karunanidhi Ilalo by Syama Sastri
  • Enu dhanyalo lakumi by Purandara Dasa
  • Gajananam Ganapathim by Jayachamarajendra Wodeyar
  • Kārthikeya Gangeya and Thamatham aen swami by Papanasam Sivan
  • Paradevathe Nin Pada Bhajanam by Irayimman Thampi
  • Sundaranga Kantha, a Padam in Malayalam by Swathi Thirunal
  • varnam miinakshi niidu by gnanananda teertha(ogirala veera raghava sarma)
  • kriti kamakshi sada by gnanananda teertha(ogirala veera raghava sarma)
  • Anjaneyam upasmahe by Bellary M. Sheshagiri Acharya
  • Ninne namminanu by Shyama Shastri

Film Songs

Language:Tamil
Song Movie Composer Singer
Ennai Pol Pennallavo Vanangamudi G. Ramanathan P. Suseela
Pesuvadhu Killiyaa Panathottam Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy T. M. Soundararajan, P. Susheela
Enge Nimmadhi Puthiya Paravai T. M. Soundararajan
Gangai Karai Mannanadi Varusham 16 Ilaiyaraaja K. J. Yesudas
Nethu Kodutha Kathal Saathi Karthik
Usure Pogudhey Raavanan A.R. Rahman Karthik, Mohammad Irfan Ali
Kaattu Sirukki Shankar Mahadevan, Anuradha Sriram
Megam Karukuthu Kushi Deva Harini
Mankatha Theme Mankatha Yuvan Shankar Raja

Todi's notes when shifted using Graha bhedam, yields 5 other major melakarta rāgams, namely, Kalyani, Shankarabharanam, Natabhairavi, Kharaharapriya and Harikambhoji. For further details and an illustration of graha bhedam of this rāgam refer related rāgams section in Shankarabharanam page.

Notes
  1. Alternate notations:
    • Hindustani: S Ṟ G̱ M P Ḏ Ṉ Ṡ
    • Western: C D♭ E♭ F G A♭ B♭ C
  2. Alternate notations:
    • Hindustani: Ṡ Ṉ Ḏ P M G̱ Ṟ S
    • Western: C B♭ A♭ G F E♭ D♭ C
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References
  1. Sri Muthuswami Dikshitar Keertanaigal by Vidwan A Sundaram Iyer, Pub. 1989, Music Book Publishers, Mylapore, Chennai
  2. Ragas in Carnatic music by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications
  3. Raganidhi by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras
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