Gamanashrama

Gamanashrama (pronounced gamanāshrama[1]) is a rāgam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is the 53rd Melakarta rāgam in the 72 melakarta rāgam system of Carnatic music. This is the Carnatic equivalent of Marva in Hindustani Classical Music.

Gamanashrama
ArohanamS R₁ G₃ M₂ P D₂ N₃ Ṡ
AvarohanamṠ N₃ D₂ P M₂ G₃ R₁ S

Carnatic music
Tanjavur-style Tambura
Concepts
Compositions
Instruments
Melody
Sarasvati Vīṇa
Veṇu
Nāgasvaraṃ
Gottuvadhyam (Citra Vīṇa)
Violin
Percussion
Mr̥daṅgaṃ
Ghatam
Morsing
Kanjira
Thavil
Drone
Tambura
Shruti box

It is called Gamakakriya in Muthuswami Dikshitar school of Carnatic music.[1][2][3]

Structure and Lakshana
Gamanashrama scale with Shadjam at C

It is the 5th rāgam in the 9th chakra Brahma. The mnemonic name is Brahma-Ma. The mnemonic phrase is sa ra gu mi pa dhi nu.[2] Its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows (see swaras in Carnatic music for details on below notation and terms):

The notes used in this scale are shadjam, shuddha rishabham, antara gandharam, prati madhyamam, panchamam, chathusruthi dhaivatham and kakali nishadham. As it is a melakarta rāgam, by definition it is a sampurna rāgam (has all seven notes in ascending and descending scale). It is the prati madhyamam equivalent of Suryakantam, which is the 17th melakarta.

Janya rāgams

Gamanashrama has a few janya rāgams (derived scales) associated with it, of which Hamsanandi and Purvi kalyani are popular. See List of janya rāgams for full list of rāgams associated with Gamanashrama.

Compositions

A few compositions set to Gamanashrama are:

Film Songs

Language:Tamil

Janya: Poorvi Kalyāni Ragam
Song Movie Composer Singer
Arul Jothi Deivam Thisai Maariya Paravaigal M.S.Viswanathan Balamurali Krishna,Abhaya (his wife)
Om Nadam Omkara Nadam Miruthanga Chakravarthi T. M. Soundararajan
Sandhikka Thudittaen Vedham Pudhithu Devendran S.P.Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki
Vazhimel Vizhiyaal Archanai Pookal Ilaiyaraaja S. Janaki

Janya:Hamsanandhi Ragam
Song Movie Composer Singer
Thesulaavudhe Then Malaraale Manaalane Mangaiyin Baakkiyam P. Adinarayana Rao Ghantasala,P. Susheela
Kaalaiyum Neeye Then Nilavu A. M. Rajah A. M. Rajah,S. Janaki
Ninaithal Podhum Aaduven Nenjirukkum Varai M. S. Viswanathan S. Janaki
Ennakoduppan Karnan Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy P. B. Sreenivas
Vedham Anuvilum Salangai Oli Illayaraja S. P. Balasubrahmanyam,S. P. Sailaja
Nee Paadum Paadal Enkeyo Ketta Kural S. Janaki
Putham Puthu Thalapathi K.J. Yesudas,S. Janaki
Or Poomalai Iniya Uravu Poothathu Mano,K. S. Chithra
Raaga Theebam Yetrum Payanangal Mudivathillai S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
Oru Pooncholai Vaathiyaar Veettu Pillai S. P. Balasubrahmanyam,K. S. Chithra
Ganakkuyilae Pooncholai S. P. Balasubrahmanyam,Bhavatharini
Raathiriyil Poothirukum Thanga Magan (1983 film) S. P. Balasubrahmanyam,S. Janaki
Vaanam Niram Maarum Dhavani Kanavugal
Devi Devi Naan Adimai Illai Vijay Anand
Pottu Vaithu Poomudikkum Ninaithen Vandhai Deva S. P. Balasubrahmanyam,Swarnalatha
Anbe Anbe Chinna Raja P. Unnikrishnan
Oh Vennila Senbaga Thottam Sirpy K.J. Yesudas

This section covers the theoretical and scientific aspect of this rāgam.

Gamanashrama's notes when shifted using Graha bhedam, yields 2 other minor melakarta rāgams, namely, Jhankaradhwani and Ratnangi. Graha bhedam is the step taken in keeping the relative note frequencies same, while shifting the shadjam to the next note in the rāgam. For further details and an illustration refer to Graha bhedam on Ratnangi.

Notes
  1. Alternate notations:
    • Hindustani: S Ṟ G M̄ P D N Ṡ
    • Western: C D♭ E F♯ G A B C
  2. Alternate notations:
    • Hindustani: Ṡ N D P M̄ G Ṟ S
    • Western: C B A G F♯ E D♭ C

References
  1. Sri Muthuswami Dikshitar Keertanaigal by Vidwan A Sundaram Iyer, Pub. 1989, Music Book Publishers, Mylapore, Chennai
  2. Ragas in Carnatic music by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications
  3. Raganidhi by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras
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