Jhankaradhvani

Jhankaradhvani or Jhankaradhwani (pronounced jhankāradhvani) is a rāgam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is the 19th Melakarta rāgam in the 72 melakarta rāgam system of Carnatic music.

Jhankaradhvani
ArohanamS R₂ G₂ M₁ P D₁ N₁ Ṡ
AvarohanamṠ N₁ D₁ P M₁ G₂ R₂ S

Carnatic music
Tanjavur-style Tambura
Concepts
Compositions
Instruments
Melody
Sarasvati Vīṇa
Veṇu
Nāgasvaraṃ
Gottuvadhyam (Citra Vīṇa)
Violin
Percussion
Mr̥daṅgaṃ
Ghatam
Morsing
Kanjira
Thavil
Drone
Tambura
Shruti box

It is called 'Jhankārabhramari in Muthuswami Dikshitar school of Carnatic music.[1][2][3]

Structure and Lakshana
Jhankaradhvani scale with shadjam at C

It is the 1st rāgam in the 4th chakra Veda. The mnemonic name is Veda-Pa. The mnemonic phrase is sa ri gi ma pa dha na.[2] Its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows (see swaras in Carnatic music for details on below notation and terms):

(the notes in this scale are chathusruthi rishabham, sadharana gandharam, shuddha madhyamam, shuddha dhaivatham, shuddha nishadham)

As it is a melakarta rāgam, by definition it is a sampoorna rāgam (has all seven notes in ascending and descending scale). It is the shuddha madhyamam equivalent of Shamalangi, which is the 55th melakarta.

Asampurna Melakarta

Jhankārabhramari is the 19th Melakarta in the original list compiled by Venkatamakhin. The notes used in the scale are the same, but the zig-zag usage of notes in both ascending and descending scle (vakra prayoga) is the difference.[1]

Janya rāgams

Jhankaradhvani has a few minor janya rāgams (derived scales) associated with it. See List of janya rāgams for full list of rāgams associated with Jhankaradhvani.

Compositions

A couple of compositions set to this musical scale are:

Himachala kumarim bhaja by Muthuswami Dikshitar is set to Jhankārabhramari rāgam.

This section covers the theoretical and scientific aspect of this rāgam.

Jhankaradhvani's notes when shifted using Graha bhedam, yields 2 other minor melakarta rāgams, namely, Ratnangi and Gamanashrama. Graha bhedam is the step taken in keeping the relative note frequencies same, while shifting the shadjam to the next note in the rāgam. For further details and an illustration refer Graha bhedam on Ratnangi.

Notes
  1. Alternate notations:
    • Hindustani: S R G̱ M P Ḏ D Ṡ
    • Western: C D E♭ F G A♭ B C
  2. Alternate notations:
    • Hindustani: Ṡ D Ḏ P M G̱ R S
    • Western: C B A♭ G F E♭ D C
  3. Alternate notations:
    • Hindustani: S R G̱ M P Ḏ D Ḏ P Ḏ Ṡ
    • Western: C D E♭ F G A♭ B A♭ G A♭ C
  4. Alternate notations:
    • Hindustani: Ṡ D Ḏ P M G̱ R G̱ R S
    • Western: C B A♭ G F E♭ D E♭ D C
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References
  1. Sri Muthuswami Dikshitar Keertanaigal by Vidwan A Sundaram Iyer, Pub. 1989, Music Book Publishers, Mylapore, Chennai
  2. Ragas in Carnatic music by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications
  3. Raganidhi by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras
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