St. Martinville, Louisiana

St. Martinville (French: Saint-Martinville) is a city in, and the parish seat of, St. Martin Parish, Louisiana, United States.[3] It lies on Bayou Teche, sixteen miles south of Breaux Bridge, eighteen miles southeast of Lafayette, and nine miles north of New Iberia. The population was 6,114 at the 2010 census, down from 6,989 in 2000. It is part of the Lafayette Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Saint Martinville, Louisiana
City
City of Saint Martinville
Main Street in St. Martinville
Nickname(s): 
Petit Paris (Little Paris)
Location of St. Martinville in St. Martin Parish, Louisiana.
Coordinates: 30°07′30″N 91°49′50″W
CountryUnited States
StateLouisiana
ParishSt. Martin
Government
 • MayorMelinda Mitchell (Democratic)
Area
 • Total3.20 sq mi (8.28 km2)
 • Land3.09 sq mi (8.00 km2)
 • Water0.11 sq mi (0.28 km2)
Elevation
23 ft (7 m)
Population
 (2010)
 • Total6,114
 • Estimate 
(2019)[2]
5,820
 • Density1,883.50/sq mi (727.15/km2)
Time zoneUTC-6 (CST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC-5 (CDT)
ZIP code
70582
Area code(s)337
FIPS code22-67600
Websitehttp://www.stmartinville.org/

Geography

St. Martinville is located at 30°7′30″N 91°49′50″W (30.125053, -91.830593).[4]

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 3.0 square miles (7.8 km2), of which 3.0 square miles (7.8 km2) is land and 0.33% is water. Its terrain is mixture of swamp and prairie.

History
Longfellow-Evangeline State Historic Site
St. Martin of Tours Catholic Church

In the 16th century, the area between the Atchafalaya River, in Louisiana, the Gulf of Mexico and Trinity River, in Texas, was occupied by numerous tribes or subdivisions of the Attakapan people. The territory was not closed to outsiders, and several traders roamed through it on business.

Europeans did not begin to settle there until French explorers claimed and founded the colony of Louisiana in 1699. They referred to the territory between the Atchafalaya River and Bayou Nezpique, where the Eastern Atakapa lived, as the Attakapas Territory, adopting the name from the Choctaw language term for this people. The French colonial government gave land away to French soldiers and settlers.

Poste des Atakapas (Attakapas Post) was founded as a trading post on the banks of the Bayou Teche, and settlers started to arrive. Some came separately from France, such as M. Masse, who came about 1754 from Grenoble. Gabriel Fuselier de la Claire, a Frenchman from Lyon, and some other Frenchmen from Mobile, in present-day Alabama, arrived in late 1763 or early 1764. Fuselier bought land between Vermilion River and Bayou Teche from the Eastern Attakapas chief Kinemo. Shortly after that, the rival Appalousa (Opelousas) invaded the area via the Atchafalaya and Sabine rivers, and exterminated much of the Eastern Atakapan. Gabriel Fuselier's son Agricole Fuselier was prominent in settling what developed as New Iberia, Louisiana.

Gradually groups of more French speakers arrived, such as the first Acadians from Nova Scotia. They were assigned to this area in 1765 by Jean-Jacques Blaise d'Abbadie, the French official who was administering Louisiana for the Spanish. They had been expelled from Acadia by the British, who had defeated France in the Seven Years' War and taken over its territories in North America east of the Mississippi River. Spain took over Louisiana and other territories west of the Mississippi but tended to rely on French colonists to administer La Louisiane.

The Acadians were led by Joseph Broussard. In 1768-1769 fifteen families arrived from Pointe Coupee, another French colonial community. Their members had migrated from Saint-Domingue (now Haïti) or from Paris via Fort de Chartres, in present-day Illinois. Between the arrivals of the two groups, the French captain Étienne de Vaugine came in 1764 and acquired a large domain east of Bayou Teche.

On April 25, 1766, after the arrival of the first Acadians, the census showed a population of 409 inhabitants for the Attakapas region. In 1767 the Attakapas Post had 150 inhabitants before the arrival of the 15 families from Pointe Coupee.

In 1803, after losing his effort to regain control over Saint-Domingue during its slave revolt, Napoleon sold Louisiana in 1803 to the United States through the Louisiana Purchase. The US settlers and territorial government organized the Attakapas Territory between 1807 and 1868. After Louisiana became a state, Saint Martin Parish was created. Attakapas Post was renamed as Saint Martinville and designated as the parish seat.

Demographics
Historical population
CensusPop.%±
1850652—
18701,190—
18801,60635.0%
18901,81413.0%
19001,9266.2%
19102,31820.4%
19202,4656.3%
19302,455−0.4%
19403,50142.6%
19504,61431.8%
19606,46840.2%
19707,15310.6%
19807,96511.4%
19907,137−10.4%
20006,989−2.1%
20106,114−12.5%
Est. 20195,820[2]−4.8%
U.S. Decennial Census[5]

As of the census[6] of 2010, there were 6,114 people, 2,320 households, and 1,533 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,038 people per square mile (899.5/km2). There were 2,588 housing units at an average density of 862.67 per square mile (357.5/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 35.3% White, 62.7% African American, 0.20% Native American, 0.1% Asian, 0.2% from other races, and 1.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.4% of the population. In 2005, 81.1% of the population over the age of five spoke only English at home, 15.9% of the population spoke French, and 2.7% spoke Louisiana Creole French.[7]

There were 2,320 households, out of which 27.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 31.5% were married couples living together, 28.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.9% were non-families. 28.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.52 and the average family size was 3.13.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 24.9% under the age of 18, 6.6% from 20 to 24, 22.8% from 25 to 44, 26.9% from 45 to 64, and 15.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38.8 years. For every 100 females, there were 85.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 80.7 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $24,246 and the median income for a family was $33,009. Males had a median income of $30,710 versus $33,455 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,835. About 24.6% of families and 29.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 50.2% of those under age 18 and 16.2% of those age 65 or over.

Education

Public schools in St. Martin Parish are operated by the St. Martin Parish School Board. The city of St. Martinville is zoned to the Early Learning Center (Grades PK-1), St. Martinville Primary School (Grades 1-5), St. Martinville Junior High School (Grades 6-8) and St. Martinville Senior High School (Grades 9-12).[8] The Evangeline campus of Louisiana Technical College is located in St. Martinville.

Economy

The economy of St. Martinville is fueled by agriculture and tourism. Agricultural production mainly yields crops of crawfish and sugar cane. The latter was a major commodity crop before the American Civil War, when it was dependent on enslaved labor. It has continued to be important.

Society
A statue of Evangeline - a heroine of the dérangement and of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's famous poem

St. Martinville is widely considered to be the birthplace of the Cajun culture and traditions, and it is in the heart of Cajun Country. A multicultural community in St. Martinville, with Acadians and Cajuns, Creoles (French coming via the French West Islands - Guadeloupe, Martinique and Santo Domingo), French, Spaniards, Africans and African Americans. Once New Orleans was founded and began to have epidemics, some New Orleanians escaped the city and came to St. Martinville. Its nickname, Petit Paris ("Little Paris"), dates from the era when St. Martinville was known as a cultural mecca with good hotels and a French theater, the Duchamp Opera House (founded in 1830), which featured the best operas and witty comedies.

The third oldest town in Louisiana, St. Martinville has many buildings and homes with historic architecture. The historic St. Martin de Tours Catholic Church and La Maison Duchamp on Main Street are part of the legacy of the Acadian people. The church was dedicated to Martin of Tours in France, where a St Martin de Tours church can be found. St. Martinville is the site of the "Evangeline Oak", featured in Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's poem about the Acadian expulsion.

The city houses an African American Museum and is a posted destination on the Louisiana African American Heritage Trail, which was established in 2008.[9][10]

St. Martinville is the setting of the 2013 film, Christmas on the Bayou, starring Hilarie Burton as Katherine, a divorced mother and business executive, with Tyler Hilton as Caleb, Katherine's former childhood companion. In the story line, Katherine rekindles romance and discovers where she truly belongs after she comes to St. Martinville to spend Christmas with her mother Lilly (Markie Post), and son Zack (Brody Rose). Randy Travis and Ed Asner are cast, respectively, as Mr. Greenhall and Papa Noel (the bayou Santa Claus).[11]

Notable people

Festivals
  • La Grande Boucherie des Cajuns - sponsored by the St. Martinville Main Street Association a Louisiana non-profit organization was an extremely popular festival benefiting the preservation, design, organization and the economic development of St. Martinville and other civic projects
  • Pepper Festival - sponsored by the Kiwanis Club of St. Martinville
  • Acadian Memorial Heritage Festival - promoting the preservation of Acadian culture and French language in Louisiana. This daylong festival is held on the third Saturday of March annually. The festival is sponsored by The Acadian Memorial Foundation and The Museum of the Acadian Memorial

Attractions

St. Martin of Tours Church is the oldest church parish in southwest Louisiana. It is known as the Mother Church of the Acadians because it was founded in 1765 upon the arrival of Acadians in this area. The current building has served as a center for religious activities in this predominantly Catholic community for over one hundred fifty years. Next to the church is a monument dedicated to the Militiamen of St Martinville (36 of the militiamen were French Creoles, three were Acadians, and three colonial Americans, one's citizenship was not known) who took part with General Bernardo de Galvez in the Battle of Baton Rouge. The monument was erected by the Louisiana Daughters of the American Revolution.

La Maison Duchamp on Main Street in St. Martinville, Louisiana was built by Eugène and Amélie Duchamp in 1876 as their town house. This St. Martinville landmark house has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places; future generations will be able to see its creative architecture.

Duchamp Opera House, which dates to the mid-19th century, hosted many theatrical companies in its lifetime and has recently been completely restored. It once again hosts theatrical companies on the second floor.

The Evangeline Oak, made famous in Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's poem, "Evangeline", stands on the bank of the Bayou Teche. Longfellow-Evangeline State Historic Site, containing an eighteenth-century Acadian cabin, the Creole Maison Olivier, and a museum interpreting Acadian life, is located north of the historic district.

The St. Martinville post office contains a mural, Evangeline, painted in 1940 by Minetta Good. Murals were produced from 1934 to 1943 in the United States through the Section of Painting and Sculpture, later called the Section of Fine Arts, of the Treasury Department.

The African American Museum, located in the historic district, provides insights into the culture and life of the enslaved Africans and the Free People of Color in the community and their contributions to the Attakapas region from the 1750s on. The gens de couleur libre were integral to building and service trades. Many descended from Africans from the Senegambian region of West Africa and from French and Spanish colonists. The exhibit ends with panels on the Civil War and emancipation. A permanent exhibit on Louisiana's participation in the slave triangle is also included, as well as maps in Creole and French detailing Louisiana's history.

The Acadian Memorial and Museum, located on the banks of the Bayou Teche in the historic district, tells the story of the approximately 3,000 Acadians who were forced by genocide to leave their home in Acadie (Maritime Provinces of Canada and Maine) and who arrived in the lower Louisiana territory between 1764 and 1785.

The newly renovated Old Teche Theater offers entertainment to the town. The 1930s Art Deco movie house is now converted into a television and film studio as well as a performing arts venue and recording studio.

Sister cities
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References
  1. "2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 25, 2020.
  2. "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". United States Census Bureau. May 24, 2020. Retrieved May 27, 2020.
  3. "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved 2011-06-07.
  4. "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. Retrieved 2011-04-23.
  5. "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  6. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2017-05-03.
  7. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2013-08-15. Retrieved 2013-08-10.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  8. Archived August 26, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
  9. Kimberly Quillen, "African American Heritage Trail unveiled in New Orleans this morning", Times Picayune, February 27, 2008, accessed January 17, 2015
  10. "A Story Like No Other: African American Heritage Trail", website
  11. "Christmas on the Bayou". Internet Movie Data Base. Retrieved November 18, 2018.
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