Soramimi

Soramimi (空耳, "mishearing; (feigned) deafness", literally "air ear") or soramimi kashi (空耳歌詞, "misheard lyrics");[lower-alpha 1] is a Japanese term for homophonic translation of song lyrics, that is, interpreting lyrics in one language as similar-sounding lyrics in another language. A bilingual soramimi word play contrasts with a monolingual mondegreen or homophonic transformation, and is usually caused by pareidolia. Soramimi transcription is also commonly used in animutations for comic effect.

This article is about misheard lyrics. For phonetic misinterpretation in general, see mondegreen.

An example is the Moldovan band O-Zone's song "Dragostea Din Tei", known on the web as the Numa Numa song. The refrain of the original song (in Romanian) is:

Vrei să pleci dar nu mă, nu mă iei...

("You want to leave but you don't want, don't want to take me...")

A soramimi version, from the Japanese Flash animation Maiyahi, translates these words as:[1][2][lower-alpha 2]

米さ！米酒だろう！飲ま飲まイェイ！

Bei sa! Beishu darou! nomanoma-iei!

("Rice, obviously! Rice wine, most likely! Drink drink yay!")

Examples

Japanese

• Japanese comedian Tamori has had a long-running "Soramimi Hour" segment on his TV program Tamori Club, where he and his co-host watch mini-skits based on soramimi kashi submitted by the audience.

English (Mondegreen)

• Mike Sutton, a mondegreen director on YouTube with the screen name "Buffalax", has uploaded several non-English music videos edited to include subtitles of the written English approximation of the video's original language's sound. "Benny Lava", Sutton's subtitling of the video for Prabhu Deva's song "Kalluri Vaanil" from the Tamil movie Pennin Manathai Thottu, received considerable praise.[4] Both the terms Buffalaxed and Benny Lava are now synonymous with mondegreens, "words or phrases misheard in ways that yield new meanings".[5][6] Buffalax's account was closed in early 2011 for copyright violation complaints, and the videos (including those that were not copyright violations) were all deleted. However, his videos have been remade and cleaned up—often replacing the sound and/or video with better copies—and re-uploaded by other users.
• The Dutch song "Opblaaskrokodil" by Ome Henk has been turned into an animutation called The French Erotic Film, where the word Opblaaskrokodil becomes Old blue Scot called Dil.

Russian

• The Palestinian patriotic song "Blādi, blādi" ("Motherland, Motherland") was intentionally "misheard" into Russian as blyadi, blyadi (= "whores, whores") and uploaded to YouTube with Russian subtitles. The resulting video became an instant hit on Russian-language websites and blogs with more than 2 million views, and a number of phrases from the Russian version (especially "No money, long bumblebee") became instant catchphrases. Below is the example of the chorus:

Arabic (transliterated)	Russian	Russian (transliterated)	Russian translated
Ya blādi jawwek hādi. Mā 'ah'lāki ya blādi. Tlalek mal'ab lennajmāte. Fiki beytghanna 'l'hādi. Blādi blādi ya blādi. Blādi blādi blādi.	Где бляди живут бляди? Две мохнатые бляди? Денег мало длинный шмель, Ты в кибитку не ходи Бляди бляди е бляди, Бляди бляди бляди	Gde blyadi zhivut blyadi, Dve mohnatyye blyadi, Deneg malo, dlinnyj shmel' Ty v kibitku ne hodi Blyadi blyadi e blyadi, Blyadi blyadi blyadi	Where do they live, whores Two furry whores No money, long bumblebee Don't you go into a kibitka Whores, whores, o whores Whores, whores, whores...

Note that blādi in the original is dialect for standard Arabic bilādī بِلَادِي "my country".

• In another instance, a Russian-language cover of "Tic Tic Tac", a popular soca/disco hit by Carrapicho, phonetically rendered the first phrase of the chorus, Bate forte o tambor (Portuguese for '"beat the drum hard"'), as Мальчик хочет в Тамбов (Malchik Khochet v Tambov, "A boy wants to go to Tambov").
• In the 1976 Boney M hit Daddy Cool, the chorus "What about it Daddy Cool?" was heard by many Russians as Варвара жарит кур(Varvara zharit kur, "Barbara is frying chicken").
• The song "What Can I Do" by Smokie from their 1976 Midnight Café album became an instant hit in the USSR because many Russians heard the song's title line as Водку найду (Vodku naydu, "I shall find some vodka").

German (Agathe Bauer)

• In German popular culture, Mondegreens are often called Agathe Bauer Songs. This comes from the Snap! song "The Power", the refrain of which ("I've got the power") sounds like the German name Agathe Bauer. German radio station RTL 104.6 runs a segment where listeners call in with their own Agathe Bauer songs, which are played on-air.[7] Another German term for soramimi is Verhörer.

Dutch (Mama Appelsap)

• In Dutch, the act of finding misheard lyrics in songs is sometimes referred to as Mama Appelsap (literally "momma applejuice"), referring to the song "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'" by Michael Jackson. The chant "Mama-se mama-sa ma-ma-coo-sa" (Jackson's imitation of Soul Makossa by Manu Dibango) can appear by Dutch speakers as if it sounds like "Mama say mama sa mama appelsap". The item became a running joke on national radio station 3FM, when DJ Timur Perlin hosted a program titled Mama Appelsap, whereby listeners suggest various Dutch phrases and sentences purported to have been heard in songs.

Danish (Undersættelse)

• In Danish, where the word "translation" is oversættelse (literally "over-setting"), such a lyrical mistake is called an under-setting (undersættelse). On YouTube, Danish artist Benny Vigan Madsen released a number of illustrated soramimi clips, mostly of national anthems; the most popular ones include "Gangnam Style", where the titular statement becomes Garn om steg or "Yarn around steak,"[8] and the Red Army Choir's version of the USSR anthem, where the final line of Nas k torzhestvu kommunizma vedyot ("It leads us to the triumph of Communism") becomes Pasta med sprut. Nå, kunne vi sparke en røv? ("Pasta with booze. So, could we kick an ass?").[9]

Hebrew (Timlulim)

• In Hebrew, the act of finding misheard lyrics in songs is known as timlul (literally "transcript"). Soramimi clips in Israel were almost exclusively the work of amateurs publishing their work on the internet, and were popular mainly during the mid-2000s, with the most transcribed musical group being Era. For instance, in one such transcript of the song "Hymne", the opening line In tu pate del cat becomes Timtum al emet ratz ("Stupidity for real runs"); I manitores solitudi me becomes Ima, likro le Soli-Dolittle? ("Mom, should I go call Soli-Dolittle?", with Soli ostensibly being a relative of Dr. Dolittle); and the repeated Senzo is misheard as Samsung, which led to the piece being dubbed "the Samsung Cantata" (הקנטטה של סמסונג). Another soramimi flash clip of an Era piece was based on "Ameno", where Dorime became Dori met (דורי מת, "Dori is dead").
• In addition to the Era videos, there were a few others that became well-known. These included a transcript of "Dragostea Din Tei" that interpreted the song's repeated Mayas as a reference to Maya Buskila (with accompanying visuals), and a transcript of "Adiemus" where "a-ya doo a-ye" became haYagur ra'ev ("the Yagur is hungry"; yagur is not actually a word, but phonetic and linguistic cues heavily suggest that it is supposed to be some kind of bird).
• The popular 1978 Eurovision song of "A-Ba-Ni-Bi", with the first line of the chorus as a-ba-ni-bi-o-bo-he-bev, has also been dubbed into English as "I want to be a polar bear" on YouTube.

Italian (Canzoni travisate)

• In Italy, the art of taking an Indian (or any other non-Italian) music video and giving it subtitles for what it sounds like in Italian, became popular between YouTube users. One of the songs that have been most successful is the soramimi version of "Pariya" by Shahram Shabpareh, called in Italy Esce ma non mi rosica ("She goes out, but she doesn't bother me"). The comedians Trio Medusa regularly perform radio sketches regarding canzoni travisate ("misinterpreted songs") using mostly English-language songs. The Disco-Hit "Funkytown" by Lipps Inc. generated some urban legends regarding its lyrics: "Gotta make a move to a town that's right for me" misinterpreted in Italian as Caro amico mio, culattone, aspettami ("Dear friend of mine, homo, wait for me").

Swedish (Turkhits)

In Swedish, soramimi are colloquially known as turkhits ("Turkish Hits"). The name became popular mainly because of a series of flash videos in the early 2000s which featured Eastern European and Turkish songs with the phonetic Swedish lyrics superimposed on top. Though mondegreens have some previous history in Sweden this name has persisted, likely as a consequence of the most popular turkhits commonly being derived from Pop or Rock songs in Turkic languages and close relatives within the same language family. This is likely because the language group shares some vowel sounds and stress characteristics with the modern Scandinavian, and while Turkish, unlike Swedish, is not a tonal language, its vowel harmonic qualities sometimes contribute to creating remarkable similarities in pronunciation, thus facilitating the aural pareidolia.

• Popular turkhits[lower-alpha 3] include Hatten är din ("The hat is yours", from Arabic "Habbeetek", "I Fell In Love With You"), Ansiktsburk ("Face can", from Arabic "Am tekbar el farha", "joy grows"), Fiskpinnar ("Fish sticks"), and a version of the Soviet National Anthem whose "translation" of the refrain Nas k torzhestvu Kommunizma vedyot ("We see the triumph of Communism") is rendered into Hasch fanns I spruta; polis sprang i lag ("[there was] hashish in a syringe; police ran in teams").
• More recent iterations include Dålig Mat ("Bad Food"), a Swedish interpretation of the previously spoofed song "Golimar" (Telugu for '"Shoot the Bullet"'), the main musical number from the movie Donga (itself arguably a parody on Michael Jackson's "Thriller"); and forays into death and black metal songs that include such titles as "Rostburk" ("Rust can") and "SM i Pistol och Valross" ("National Championships in Pistol and Walrus").

Mandarin Chinese (Yinyi)

There have been various parodies by Chinese netizens on foreign language songs and videos, often done purely for silly comedic effects. These informal transcriptions are usually referred to as yinyi (simplified Chinese: 音译; traditional Chinese: 音譯; pinyin: yīnyì; lit.: 'sound translation') or kong'er (空耳; kōngěr; a direct loanword of the Japanese kanji for soramimi).

• The 1998 Punjabi hit song "Tunak Tunak Tun" was subjected to a Chinese phonetic parody, as its chorus "ਤੁਨਕ ਤੁਨਕ ਤੁਨ ਦਾ ਦਾ ਦਾ" (Tunak tunak tun dadada) sounded similar to "多冷的隆冬，淡淡的" (lit. "Oh the freezing cold of winter, how pale it feels") or "嘟嚕嘟嚕嘟大大大" (onomatopoeic), while a sentence in the first verse ਧੋਲਣਾ ਵਜੇ ਤੁਮਬੇ ਵਲ ਤਾਰ (Dholna vaje tumbe val taar) was close to "多冷啊,我在东北玩泥巴" (lit. "It's freezing cold, I'm playing with dirt in the Northeast").[10][11]
• The 1993 North Korean patriotic song "No Motherland Without You" became infamously dubbed as "金囧日偷鸡" (lit. "Kim Jong-il does the bluff" / "Kim Jong-il steals chickens"), following the phonetic parody of one of its lyrics (김정일동지 / 金正日同志, "Comrade Kim Jong-il").[12]
• In 2009, Taiwanese netizens dubbed Super Junior's "Sorry Sorry" with Chinese misheard lyrics, including a controversial transcription of "Sorry 네게 빠져 버려 baby" (lit. "Sorry, I have fallen in love with you") into "手裡 那根 芭蕉 爆了 baby" (lit. "The banana in my hand has exploded"). The dubbed video quickly went viral on YouTube.[13]
• In 2011, The Fuhrer's Anger, which was originally made from the 2004 German film Der Untergang, became popular in China. One of the lines by actor Bruno Ganz (who played Adolf Hitler), "Und doch habe ich allein" (lit. "And yet I did it alone"), has been parodied by Chinese netizens as "我到河北省来" (lit. "I come to Hebei Province").
• South Korean singer Psy's 2012 hit song "Gangnam Style" has its prominent catchphrase Oppa Gangnam Style is parodied as "我爸刚弄死他" (lit. "My father just murdered him").[14]
• There is a joke based on Michael Jackson's "Beat It" which goes:

  哪一個偶像最喜歡說"筆勒"?

  nǎyígè ǒuxiàng zuì xǐhuān shuō "bǐlēi"?

  Which idol most likes to say "got a pen?" (literal) / Which pop star always asks for a pen? (translated)

  Answer: Michael Jackson. "Beat it!" sounds like the Chinese for "got a pen?"

• After North Korea successfully launched Kwangmyŏngsŏng-3 Unit 2 satellite in 2012, the KCTV news report have been dubbed by Chinese netizens, where "평안북도 철산군 서해위성발사장에서" (lit. "In Sohae Satellite Launching Ground, Cholsan County, North Pyongan Province") is transliterated as "穷也不能穷山东, 初音一葱拍死了张根硕" (lit. "Even if it should be poor, Shandong is not allowed to be poor, Hatsune killed Jang Keun-suk under one strike with scallion").,[15][16] and "주기는 95분 29이다." (lit. "The period is 95 minutes and 29 seconds.") is transliterated as "初音不是我吻也是我吹的" (lit. "Hatsune is even if not kissed by me, is cheerily supported by me"), and "주체101(2012)년 12월 12일, 평양" (lit. "December 12th, Juche 101 or year 2012, Pyongyang") is transliterated as "撅起屁股，一村洗屄娘，洗屄忘了洗屁眼，屁股痒" (lit. "Buttocks up, a village of vagina-washing women forgot to wash their anuses after finishing washing their vaginae, (so) their buttocks became itchy").[17]

Other examples

• A number of soramimi videos were made for Carmina Burana, juxtaposing the music with images appropriate to the misheard lyrics, for example showing four cans of tuna for "O Fortuna".[18]
• In Romania, the children's song "Pula Pula" ("Jump Jump"), by Brazilian gospel singer Aline Barros became a sensation, getting airplay on major radio stations and spawning several YouTube parody videos[19] with Romanian soramimi lyrics, as pula means "penis" in Romanian and it is heavily repeated in the chorus.
• In Poland, "Decade of Therion", a 1999 song by death metal band Behemoth, became a popular Internet meme when given soramimi lyrics. The English phrase "We transgress the context of commonplaceness" has been interpreted in Polish as Łyżwiarz wie, że kotek odkopał prezent ("The ice-skater knows that the pussycat has dug up the present").
• In Serbo-Croatian, the title of Queen's song "Another One Bites the Dust" is often deliberately misinterpreted as A Radovan baca daske, meaning "and Radovan (a male name) is throwing the planks". Similarly, The Police song "Message in a Bottle" is interpreted as mesečina, bato ("moonlight, o brother"). Spanish-language song "Sopa de Caracol" can be entirely reinterpreted as erotic poetry.[20]
• In Brazil there are loads of soramimi involving Indian film music, mainly with Prabhu Deva acting, including Kalluri Vaanil from Benny Lava fame (known in Brazil as Vai Rivaldo, referring the famous soccer player, captain of 2002 Brazil national football team on Japan and Korea). Also a very popular one is "Tunak Tunak Tun", called in Brazil Tônico com Guaraná ("Tonic with Soda"), and the opening song of the Japanese TV series Jaspion, called in Brasil Coma um Boi ("Eat a Bull").
• The chorus of the Las Ketchup song "Aserejé" is an Andalusian Spanish phonetic rendering of the English-language song "Rapper's Delight" by The Sugarhill Gang.
• In 1980s Hungary, the chorus of the Opus song "Live is Life" ("La ba dab dab dab life") was often misheard for Levelet kaptam, Life (literally meaning "I have received a letter, Life").
• In France, a popular occurrence of misheard lyrics is found in the Metallica song "The Unforgiven". The original lyrics go: "New blood joins this earth // And quickly he's subdued" which is misheard in French as: Nous battons des œufs // Et pouic ! pouic ! ils se tournent ("we whisk eggs, and kwik! kwik! they turn"). Les Bidochons is a band that sings in French songs by English-language bands with similar-sounding lyrics. They started with songs from the Sex Pistols but also covered the Rolling Stones and the Beatles. Many of these have been gathered by Serge Llado in the so-called "Hallucinations auditives".[21]
• In Hong Kong, a frequently broadcast Vietnamese radio public service announcement on Radio Television Hong Kong during the late 1980s and early 1990s included a Vietnamese phrase starting with Bắt đầu từ nay, which was deliberately misinterpreted as 不漏洞拉" or 北漏洞拉 (Cantonese Bat lau dung laai or Bak lau dung laai, "beginning from now") and became famous in popular culture.

See also

• Animutation – where soramimis and mondegreens are given visuals for humorous effect.
• Contrafactum – reworked song, with same music but different lyrics
• Hatten är din – an Internet viral video where the entire lyrics of a song were "translated" soramimically.
• Homophonic translation – where a text in one language is translated into a near-homophonic text in another language, with no attempt to preserve the original meaning.
• Macaronic language § Unintentional macaronic language
• Mondegreen – where the lyrics are misheard within their original language.
• Phono-semantic matching (PSM) – camouflaged borrowing in which a foreign expression is matched with a both phonetically and semantically similar pre-existent native items.
• Translation of sung texts

Notes

1. 空 means "empty" (as in karate) when read kara. But here, it is read sora, translating as "sky", "heaven", "air".
2. This particular soramimi video featured an animated version of the popular Shift JIS art cat Monā, and inspired Gary Brolsma, whose own video sparked the Numa Numa phenomenon.[3]
3. Most of these are not actually in Turkish.

References

1. Lucas, Dean. "Famous Pictures Magazine - Numa Numa". Retrieved 2012-06-01.
2. This video can be found at http://www.albinoblacksheep.com/flash/maiyahi. Its explanation: http://www.mimo-jp.com/japan/maiyahi.htm.
3. "Gary Brolsma & The Numa Story". Gary Brolsma & New Numa!. Retrieved 2007-07-03.
4. "My Loony Bun Is Fine, Benny Lava: The web's hottest clip", The Toronto Sun, April 28, 2008, p. 33.
5. Monty Phan (2007-11-06). "Buffalax Mines Twisted Translations for YouTube Yuks". Wired News. Archived from the original on April 28, 2008. Retrieved 2008-05-11.
6. Spreekt Johan Cruijff Arabisch? on Nu.nl
7. "Agathe Bauer Songs: Cyndi Lauper - Girls Just Want To Have Fun | 104.6 RTL Comedy". 104.6rtl.com. Archived from the original on 2014-01-12. Retrieved 2013-09-05.
8. Vigan Madsen, Benny (March 6, 2013). "Garn om steg (illustreret undersættelse) [Yarn around steak (illustrated under-setting)]". YouTube (in Danish). Retrieved February 26, 2020.
9. Vigan Madsen, Benny (October 15, 2010). "Pasta med sprut (illustreret undersættelse) [Pasta with booze (illustrated under-setting)]". YouTube (in Danish). Retrieved February 26, 2020.
10. "暴强！当印度歌曲配上东北话字幕 多冷的隆冬". Wishydig.blogspot.com. 2009-07-12. Retrieved 2016-02-19.
11. 印度F4 (字幕版) - YouTube
12. "金正日偷鸡". youtube.com. 2009-03-13. Retrieved 2016-02-19.
13. Chih-Chieh Liu. "From 'Sorry Sorry' to 'That Banana': the Subtitling of a Korean Music Video as a Site of Contestation in Taiwan" (PDF). Retrieved 2016-02-20.
14. "{音樂} PSY-Gangnam Style 中文空耳 + 中文 歌詞(內新增Orange style)". Retrieved 2016-02-19.
15. "【神级空耳】朝鲜播音员大妈，穷也不能穷山东！ - YouTube". Retrieved 2017-09-17.
16. "【穷也不能穷山东】朝鲜电视台女播音员空耳播报_搞笑_生活_bilibili_哔哩哔哩". Retrieved 2017-09-17.
17. "朝鲜电视台播音员播报卫星发射成功（男）_bilibili_哔哩哔哩".
18. "Wishydig". Wishydig.blogspot.com. 2009-10-23. Retrieved 2011-07-11.
19. "Pula-pula-pula Romanian subtitles". YouTube. 2008-01-21. Retrieved 2011-07-11.
20. bramanko (2012-03-11), Meksicki Gidra - Vatanje u kolcu (ORIGINAL), retrieved 2017-05-27
21. the video can be found at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_YbT1xc_p6A

External links

• A list of past soramimi featured on "Soramimi Hour" (in Japanese)
• Interlingual Near Homophonic Words and Phrases in L2 Listening: Evidence from Misheard Song Lyrics (pdf)