Shikotan

Shikotan (Russian: Шикотан; Japanese: 色丹, romanized: Shikotan; Ainu: シコタン or シコタヌ, romanized: Sikotan), also known as Shpanberg (after Martin Spangberg), is an island in the Kurils administered by the Russian Federation as part of Yuzhno-Kurilsky District of Sakhalin Oblast. It is claimed by Japan as the nominal Shikotan District (色丹郡, Shikotan-gun), part of Nemuro Subprefecture of Hokkaido Prefecture.

This article is about the island in the Kurils. For the island in the Nordenskiöld Archipelago, see Shpanberg Island.
Not to be confused with Shakotan, Hokkaido.
Shikotan
Disputed island
Other names: Russian: Шикотан; Japanese: 色丹島
NASA picture of Shikotan Island
Geography
LocationPacific Ocean
Coordinates43°48′N 146°45′E
ArchipelagoKuril Islands
Total islands1
Area225 square kilometres (56,000 acres)
Highest point
  • Mount Tomari
  • 412 metres (1,352 ft)
Administered by
 Russia
Federal subjectSakhalin Oblast
DistrictYuzhno-Kurilsky
Claimed by
 Japan
PrefectureHokkaido
SubprefectureNemuro
Demographics
Population2,100

The island's primary economic activities are fisheries and fishing, with the principal marine products being cod, crab, and kelp. The name Shikotan derives from the Ainu language and means "the village proper" or "real town" (Ainu reflexive or embellishing prefix si- + Ainu kotan "inhabited place, settlement, village, town").

Geography

The total land area of Shikotan is 225 km². The island is hilly, averaging 300 metres in elevation. The shores of the island are very indented and covered with oceanic meadows. The highest altitude is 412 m. The island is formed by the volcanic rock and sandstone of the Upper Cretaceous and Cenozoic periods. There are two extinct volcanoes on Shikotan: Mount Tomari and Mount Notoro.

Shikotan's vegetation consists mostly of Sakhalin fir, larch, deciduous trees, bamboo underbrush, and juniper brushwood.

There are two villages: Malokurilskoye, formerly Shikotan (色丹); and Krabozavodskoye, formerly Anama (穴澗 (あなま)).

History

Russia recognised Japanese sovereignty over the island in the 19th century. In 1885, Hanasaki District, to which the island belongs, was split off of Nemuro Province and incorporated into Chishima Province.

In September 1945, during the final days of World War II, the island, which had a population of 1,038 at the time, was invaded by 600 Soviet troops.[1] It is one of the islands (along with the Habomai Islands) which the Soviet Union agreed in 1956 to transfer to Japan in the event of a peace treaty between the two countries (such a peace treaty has never been concluded). Between the late-1950s and to the 1960s, the Soviet Union fortified the island with old tanks (mainly IS-2 and IS-3 heavy tanks) repurposed as coastal-defence artillery against a possible seaborne invasion, by digging them into the ground and employing them as fixed gun emplacements.[2]

An earthquake and subsequent tsunami caused major damage on the island's coastline on October 4, 1994.

The 2014 anime film Giovanni's Island is a fictionalized account of the fate of Japanese civilians living on Shikotan at the time of the 1945 Soviet occupation.

  • Relief Map
  • Shikotan Island, 1990.
  • Shikotan, 1980.
  • Lighthouse, 1980.
  • Landscape, 1980.
  • Pre-WW2 Shikotan Shrine. Whale bones were used for a Torii
Sea ice surrounds Shikotan.
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See also

References
  1. "Japan's prime minister plans a steamy tête-à-tête with Russia's president". The Economist. 10 September 2016. Retrieved 8 April 2018.
  2. "Texts of Soviet–Japanese Statements; Peace Declaration Trade Protocol". The New York Times, page 2, October 20, 1956.
    Moscow, October 19. (UP) – Following are the texts of a Soviet–Japanese peace declaration and of a trade protocol between the two countries, signed here today, in unofficial translation from the Russian
    ...The U.S.S.R. and Japan have agreed to continue, after the establishment of normal diplomatic relations between them, negotiations for the conclusion of a peace treaty. Hereby, the U.S.S.R., in response to the desires of Japan and taking into consideration the interest of the Japanese state, agrees to hand over to Japan the Habomai and the Shikotan Islands, provided that the actual changing over to Japan of these islands will be carried out after the conclusion of a peace treaty...
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