Shah Jahan II

Shah Jahan II (Persian: شاه جهان دوم‎; c. 1698 – 19 September 1719), birth name Rafi ud-Daulah (Persian: رفیع الدوله‎), was the 11th Mughal emperor for a brief period in 1719. After being chosen by the Sayyid brothers, he succeeded his short-lived brother Rafi ud-Darajat in that year. Like his brother, he died of tuberculosis and was buried in the dargah of Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki.

Shah Jahan II
11th Mughal Emperor
Reign6 June – 17 September 1719
Coronation8 June 1719 at Red Fort, Delhi
PredecessorRafi ud-Darajat
SuccessorMuhammad Shah
RegentSayyid Brothers
Bornc. 1698
Died18 September 1719(1719-09-18) (aged 20–21)
Bidyapur, near Fatehpur Sikri, Mughal Empire (present-day Uttar Pradesh, India)
Burial
Dargah of Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki, Delhi (present-day India)
Full name
Rafi-ud-Din Muhammad Rafi-ud-Daulah Shah Jahan II
HouseTimurid
FatherRafi-ush-Shan
MotherNur-un-Nissa Begum

Personal life

Shah Jahan II was born as Rafi ud-Daulah. He was the second son of Rafi-ush-Shan and a grandson of Bahadur Shah I.[1] Shah Jahan II's exact date of birth is not known. He was eighteen months older than his brother Rafi ud-Darajat. Whether he married or not, whether he had any child or not is also unknown.[2]

Reign

Shah Jahan II ascended the throne on 6 June 1719 after the death of his younger brother Rafi ud-Darajat due to tuberculosis. His coronation took place at Diwan-i-Khas of the Red Fort. He took the title "Shah Jahan Sani" (English: Shah Jahan II).[1]

Just like his younger brother, Shah Jahan II was chosen by the kingmaker Sayyid brothers and wielded no power in practicality.[3] His name was read in the khutbah for the first time on 13 June. His first appearance at the Diwan-i-Aam was on 11 June. Without the presence of one of the Sayyid brothers, he was not allowed to meet any noble or to attend the jummah.[1]

Death

Shah Jahan II suffered from tuberculosis just like his younger brother. He was physically and mentally unfit to perform the duties of a ruler. He died on 17 September 1719[4] at Bidyapur. He was buried beside Rafi ud-Darajat at the dargah of Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki.[5]

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References
  1. Irvine 1921, p. 420.
  2. Irvine 1921, p. 432.
  3. Chandra 2005, p. 483.
  4. Mehta 2005, p. 24.
  5. Irvine 1921, p. 430.

Bibliography
  • Chandra, Satish (2005). Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals Part – II. Har-Anand Publications. ISBN 9788124110669.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Irvine, William (1921). The Later Mughals. Low Price Publications. ISBN 8175364068.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Mehta, Jaswant Lal (2005). Advanced Study in the History of Modern India 1707–1813. Sterling Publishers. ISBN 9781932705546.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Shah Jahan II
Preceded by
Rafi Ul-Darjat		 Mughal Emperor
1719		 Succeeded by
Muhammad Shah
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