Gokula

Gokula Singh (also known as Veer Gokula, or Gokal or Gokul Singh Jat; died 1670 AD) was a Jat zamindar of Tilpat, in what is now the state of Haryana, India.[1] The second of four sons born to Madu, his birthname was Ola.[2] Gokula provided leadership to the Jats who challenged the power of the Mughal Empire.

For the ancient village, see Gokul. For the 2009 Indian Kannada-language film, see Gokula (film).

The first serious outbreak of anti-imperial reaction took place among the Jats of Mathura district, who had been challenged by the imperial faujdar, Abdun-Nabi. In 1669, the Jats challenged Mughals under the leadership of Gokula, resulting in the death of the faujdar. The freedom of the district could not be maintained for more than a year, and they were suppressed by Hasan Ali Khan, the new faujdar, who was aided by the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb along with Rajputs. Gokula was put to death for not accepting Islam but taunted Aurangezeb to give his daughter in marriage in lieu of accepting Islam.[3]

Gokula Singh left Sinsini

Around 1650-51, Madu and his uncle Singha had fought against the Rajput ruler Jai Singh I with Mughal support. During the warfare, Sindhuraj died and thus Madu's second son, Ola, became his successor. After this war, Singha along with Ola and Jat families in the fortress of Girsa, moved beyond the River Yamuna to Mahavan.[2]

Rebellion

In early 1669, Aurangzeb appointed a strong follower of Islam, Abdunnabi, as faujdar of Mathura to curb the Hindus of the area and finish Hindus of Mathura. Abdunnabi established a cantonment near Gokul Singh and conducted all his operations from there. Gokula Singh organised the farmers to withhold taxes from the Mughals, which caused the rulers to retaliate. Although dominated and led by Jats, the rebel forces led by Gokula Singh included other local communities such as the Mev, Meena, Ahir, Gujjar, Naruka, and Panwar.[4] They gathered at the village of Sahora where, During May 1669, Abdunnabi was killed while attempting to seize it. Gokula and his fellow farmers moved further, attacking and destroying the Sadabad cantonment. This inspired the Hindus to fight against the Mughal rulers, who were there to destroy all Hindus in exchange of Gokula Land and territories.[5] The fighting continued for five months.[6][7]

Battle of Tilpat

In 1669, Gokula Singh with 20,000 followers rushed forward to face the Mughals, 20 miles from Tilpat. Abdunnabi attacked them. At first he appeared to be gaining ground, but in the middle of the fighting he was killed on 12 May 1669 (21st Zil-Hijja, 1079 A.H.).[8] [9] Both sides suffered many casualties but the rebels could not cope with the trained Mughals and their artillery. They retreated to Tilpat, where Hasan Ali followed and besieged them with the reinforcement of 1000 Musketeers, 1000 Rocketmen, and 25 artillery pieces. Amanulla, the Faujdar of the environs of Agra were also sent to reinforce Hasan Ali. Fighting continued for 96 Hrs/four days in which muskets and bows were used by the contestants. On the fourth day, the Mughal forces charged the jats from all sides and having made a breach in the walls entered Tilpat.[10] Emperor Aurangzeb himself marched on 28 November 1669 from Delhi to curb the Jat threat. The Mughals under Hasan Alikhan attacked Gokula Singh. [11]

Death

Gokula Singh and his two associates were captured alive through the efforts of Shaikh Razi-ud-Din, the peshkar of Hassan Ali. They and other prisoners were presented to the Emperor.[12]. "Gokula was killed brutally, his son converted to Islam, and the daughter married to one of the Emperors slaves"[13]

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See also

References
  1. Habib, Irfan (2002). "Forms of Class Struggle in Mughal India". Essays in Indian History: Towards a Marxist Perception ; With, The Economic History of Medieval India: a Survey. Anthem Press. p. 251. ISBN 978-1-84331-025-9.
  2. Narendra Singh Verma: Virvar Amar Jyoti Gokul Singh (Hindi), Sankalp Prakashan, Agra, 1986, p. 5
  3. R. C. Majumdar, H.C. Raychaudhari, Kalikinkar Datta: An Advanced History of India, 2006, p.490
  4. Ganga Singh, op. cit., I, p. 64-65
  5. Narendra Singh Verma: Virvar Amar Jyoti Gokul Singh (Hindi), Sankalp Prakashan, Agra, 1986, p. 34
  6. Narendra Singh Verma: Virvar Amar Jyoti Gokul Singh (Hindi), Sankalp Prakashan, Agra, 1986, p. 35
  7. Sen, Sailendra (2013). A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books. p. 188. ISBN 978-9-38060-734-4.
  8. Sarkar, Jadunath. "Maasir-i-Alamgiri A history of emperor Aurangzeb Alamgir". AhleSunnah Library. Archived from the original on 11 November 2014. Retrieved 19 November 2015.
  9. Ojha, Dhirendra Nath. Aristocracy in medieval India. Orient Publications. p. 100. Retrieved 28 August 2007.
  10. Sharma, Gautam (1990). Valour and Sacrifice: Famous Regiments of the Indian Army. Allied Publishers. pp. 152–153. ISBN 9788170231400. Retrieved 19 November 2015.
  11. Narendra Singh Verma: Virvar Amar Jyoti Gokul Singh (Hindi), Sankalp Prakashan, Agra, 1986, p. 39
  12. Narendra Singh Verma: Virvar Amar Jyoti Gokul Singh (Hindi), Sankalp Prakashan, Agra, 1986, p. 50
  13. Satish chandra in his "book medieval India part two", pg.291,
Preceded by
--		 Bharatpur ruler
? – 1670 AD		 Succeeded by
Raja Ram
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