Shadow Racing Cars

Shadow Racing Cars was a Formula One and sports car racing team, founded and initially based in the United States although later Formula One operations were run from the British base in Northampton.[1] The team held an American licence from 1973 to 1975 and a British licence from 1976 to 1980, thus becoming the first constructor to officially change its nationality.[2][3] Their only F1 victory, at the 1977 Austrian Grand Prix, was achieved as a British team.[4]

Shadow

Full name	Shadow Racing Cars Inc.
Base	Northampton, United Kingdom
Founder(s)	Don Nichols
Noted staff	Jackie Oliver Alan Rees Jo Ramírez
Noted drivers	Jean-Pierre Jarier Alan Jones Tom Pryce Peter Revson George Follmer
Formula One World Championship career
First entry	1973 South African Grand Prix
Races entered	112
Constructors' Championships	0
Drivers' Championships	0
Race victories	1
Pole positions	3
Fastest laps	2
Final entry	1980 French Grand Prix

A Shadow Mk.I Can-Am car

The Shadow name is planned to be revived in 2020 as an Italian car tuning and luxury brand.[5]

History

1968–1972: Early years in CanAm series

The company was founded by Don Nichols in California[6] in 1968 as Advanced Vehicle Systems; the cars were called Shadows, designed by Trevor Harris and entered under the Shadow Racing Inc. banner. The first Shadows, the Mk.Is, were entered in the CanAm series with George Follmer and Vic Elford driving them. The Mk.1 featured an innovative design, using very small wheels for low drag and, although the car was quick, it was not the most reliable car in the field

The team became more competitive the following year, replacing the Harris car with a Peter Bryant design owing some elements to his Ti22 "titanium car" with Jackie Oliver also arriving from this effort and finishing eighth in the CanAm championship. The team also found some financial backing from Universal Oil Products (UOP).

Shadow came to dominate the shortened 1974 series, although by this point they were competing largely against privateers, the works McLaren and Porsche efforts having left the series.

1973–1974: Entry into Formula One

The Embassy Hill Shadow DN1 from 1973 being demonstrated at the 2008 Goodwood Festival of Speed

Towards the end of 1972, Nichols announced that he was entering his team into Formula One with UOP sponsored cars designed by Tony Southgate, who had designed the BRM that gave Jean-Pierre Beltoise victory at the Monaco Grand Prix the previous year.

The team debuted in Formula One at the 1973 South African Grand Prix with the Shadow DN1 chassis. Two cars were available for drivers Oliver and Follmer, as well as a private entry for Graham Hill who ran his car under the Embassy Hill banner.

For 1974, the team hired two of the most promising drivers of the time: American Peter Revson and Frenchman Jean-Pierre Jarier. During a practice run for the 1974 South African Grand Prix, Revson was killed by a suspension failure on his DN3. He was replaced by Tom Pryce.

1975–1977: Peak of success

Matra-powered DN7 driven by Jean-Pierre Jarier as a one-off during the 1975 Austrian Grand Prix

The DN9 was copied by Arrows before a court order banned Arrows from racing their version, the FA/1

The new DN5 driven by Jarier gained pole position in the two first Grands Prix of the 1975 season but suffered mechanical failure in both races. The DN5 and most other Shadow Formula One cars used Ford Cosworth DFV engines, which produced around 490 bhp. However, later in 1975 another car was driven by Jarier, the DN7, and was fitted with a Matra V12 engine producing around 550 bhp. The wheelbase was substantially lengthened to accommodate the much larger and more expensive French powerplant, although due to budgetary issues, the Matra-powered DN7 was doomed as a one-off. Jarier's new teammate, Pryce, won the non-championship Race of Champions that same year. Pryce died in an accident involving a marshal at the 1977 South African Grand Prix. The marshal, Frederick Jansen Van Vuuren, had been running across the track to put out a small fire on the other Shadow car and Pryce was unable avoid the collision because he was un-sighted behind the March of Hans-Joachim Stuck. Before Pryce's car finally came to a stop it hit Jacques Laffite's Ligier resulting in both cars crashing into the barriers. Frederick's injuries were so severe it took a marshal's meeting to determine who Pryce had hit.

The team replaced Pryce with Alan Jones, who won the team's only Grand Prix at the Austrian Grand Prix the same year.

1978–1980: Decline

After the 1977 season Shadow entered into a sharp decline. Jones left to join Williams for 1978. In the same period a majority of their staff and their sponsor Franco Ambrosio left to form their own team, Arrows, taking the young Riccardo Patrese. Despite sponsorship from Villiger tobacco and the signing of experienced drivers Clay Regazzoni and Hans Stuck for the 1978 season, results were poor. In 1980 they were absorbed into Theodore Racing, but Shadow's first ground effect chassis was largely uncompetitive, only once qualifying a car in seven races. Sponsorship dried up and after the seventh of the year's 14 races Teddy Yip wound up the Shadow team.

2020: Revival

In 2020, 40 years after Shadow last raced in Formula One, it was announced that the Shadow Racing Cars name will be revived by Italian entrepreneur and racing driver Bernardo Manfrè as an Italian car tuning and luxury brand. Plans have been announced by the revived Shadow to develop a hypercar called Hypercar Shadow and a modified variant of the Dodge Challenger known as the Dodge Challenger Shadow DNB8. Shadow Racing Cars is also scheduled to enter the NASCAR Whelen Euro Series in 2020 as a partner of Swiss-based team 42 Racing.[5][7][8]

Complete Formula One results

Works team entries

(key) (Results in bold indicate pole position; results in italics indicate fastest lap)

Year	Name	Chassis	Engines	Tyres	Drivers	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	Points	WCC
1973	UOP Shadow Racing Team	DN1	Ford Cosworth DFV 3.0 V8	G		ARG	BRA	RSA	ESP	BEL	MON	SWE	FRA	GBR	NED	GER	AUT	ITA	CAN	USA			9	8th
					Jackie Oliver			Ret	Ret	Ret	10	Ret	Ret	Ret	Ret	8	Ret	11	3	15
					George Follmer			6	3	Ret	DNS	14	Ret	Ret	10	Ret	Ret	10	17	14
					Brian Redman															DSQ
1974	UOP Shadow Racing Team	DN1 DN3	Ford Cosworth DFV 3.0 V8	G		ARG	BRA	RSA	ESP	BEL	MON	SWE	NED	FRA	GBR	GER	AUT	ITA	CAN	USA			7	8th
					Peter Revson	Ret	Ret	DNP
					Brian Redman				7	18	Ret
					Bertil Roos							Ret
					Tom Pryce								Ret	Ret	8	6	Ret	10	Ret	NC
					Jean-Pierre Jarier	Ret	Ret	DNP	NC	13	3	5	Ret	12	Ret	8	8	Ret	Ret	10
1975	UOP Shadow Racing Team	DN3 DN5	Ford Cosworth DFV 3.0 V8	G		ARG	BRA	RSA	ESP	MON	BEL	SWE	NED	FRA	GBR	GER	AUT	ITA	USA				9.5	6th
					Tom Pryce	12	Ret	9	Ret	Ret	6	Ret	6	Ret	Ret	4	3	6	NC
					Jean-Pierre Jarier	DNS	Ret	Ret	4	Ret	Ret	Ret	Ret	8	14	Ret			Ret
		DN7	Matra MS73 3.0 V12														Ret	Ret					0	NC
1976	Shadow Racing Team	DN5 DN5B DN8	Ford Cosworth DFV 3.0 V8	G		BRA	RSA	USW	ESP	BEL	MON	SWE	FRA	GBR	GER	AUT	NED	ITA	CAN	USA	JPN		10	8th
					Tom Pryce	3	7	Ret	8	10	7	9	8	4	8	Ret	4	8	11	Ret	Ret
					Jean-Pierre Jarier	Ret	Ret	7	Ret	9	8	12	12	9	11	Ret	10	19	18	10	10
1977	Shadow Racing Team	DN5B DN8	Ford Cosworth DFV 3.0 V8	G		ARG	BRA	RSA	USW	ESP	MON	BEL	SWE	FRA	GBR	GER	AUT	NED	ITA	USA	CAN	JPN	23	7th
					Tom Pryce	NC	Ret	Ret
					Riccardo Patrese						9	Ret		Ret	Ret	10		13	Ret		10	6
					Jackie Oliver								9
					Arturo Merzario												Ret
					Jean-Pierre Jarier															9
					Renzo Zorzi	Ret	6	Ret	Ret	Ret
					Alan Jones				Ret	Ret	6	5	17	Ret	7	Ret	1	Ret	3	Ret	4	4
1978	Shadow Racing Team	DN8 DN9	Ford Cosworth DFV 3.0 V8	G		ARG	BRA	RSA	USW	MON	BEL	ESP	SWE	FRA	GBR	GER	AUT	NED	ITA	USA	CAN		6	11th
					Hans-Joachim Stuck	17	Ret	DNQ	DNS	Ret	Ret	Ret	11	11	5	Ret	Ret	Ret	Ret	Ret	Ret
					Clay Regazzoni	15	5	DNQ	10	DNQ	Ret	15	5	Ret	Ret	DNQ	NC	DNQ	NC	14	DNQ
1979	Samson Shadow Racing Team Interscope Shadow Racing Team	DN9	Ford Cosworth DFV 3.0 V8	G		ARG	BRA	RSA	USW	ESP	BEL	MON	FRA	GBR	GER	AUT	NED	ITA	CAN	USA			3	10th
					Jan Lammers	Ret	14	Ret	Ret	12	10	DNQ	18	11	10	Ret	Ret	DNQ	9	DNQ
					Elio de Angelis	7	12	Ret	7	Ret	Ret	DNQ	16	12	11	Ret	Ret	Ret	Ret	4
1980	Theodore Shadow Shadow Cars	DN11 DN12	Ford Cosworth DFV 3.0 V8	G		ARG	BRA	RSA	USW	BEL	MON	FRA	GBR	GER	AUT	NED	ITA	CAN	USA				0	NC
					Stefan Johansson	DNQ	DNQ
					Geoff Lees			13	DNQ	DNQ	DNQ	DNQ
					David Kennedy	DNQ	DNQ	DNQ	DNQ	DNQ	DNQ	DNQ

Results of other Shadow cars

(key) (Results in bold indicate pole position; results in italics indicate fastest lap.)

Year	Entrant(s)	Chassis	Engine	Tyres	Driver(s)	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16
1973						ARG	BRA	RSA	ESP	BEL	MON	SWE	FRA	GBR	NED	GER	AUT	ITA	CAN	USA
	Embassy Racing	Shadow DN1	Ford Cosworth DFV 3.0 V8	G	Graham Hill				Ret	9	Ret	Ret	10	Ret	NC	13	Ret	14	16	13
1976						BRA	RSA	USW	ESP	BEL	MON	SWE	FRA	GBR	GER	AUT	NED	ITA	CAN	USA	JPN
	Team P R Reilly	Shadow DN3	Ford Cosworth DFV 3.0 V8	G	Mike Wilds									DNQ
1978						ARG	BRA	RSA	USW	MON	BEL	ESP	SWE	FRA	GBR	GER	AUT	NED	ITA	USA	CAN
	Interscope Racing	Shadow DN9	Ford Cosworth DFV 3.0 V8	G	Danny Ongais				DNPQ									DNPQ

References

1. "Case History". Corktree.tripod.com. Retrieved 24 September 2018.
2. "1973 United States Grand Prix Entry list". Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
3. "1976 Italian Grand Prix Entry list". Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
4. "1977 Austrian Grand Prix Entry list". Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
5. "Shadow Racing Cars ritorna alla ribalta dopo 40 anni" [Shadow Racing Cars returns to the fore after 40 years]. gripdetective.it (in Italian). 21 July 2020. Retrieved 14 August 2020.
6. "CanAm Specials: AVS Shadow". grandprixhistory.com. Retrieved 23 June 2018.
7. "Bernardo Manfrè, l'imprenditore ex pilota rilancia il team Shadow F1: «In pista dopo 40 anni»" [Bernardo Manfrè, the former driver entrepreneur relaunches the Shadow F1 team: "On track after 40 years"]. milano.corriere.it (in Italian). Corriere Della Sera. 27 July 2020. Retrieved 14 August 2020.
8. "42 RACING READY FOR FIRST FULL-TIME NWES CAMPAIGN". euronascar.com. NASCAR Media Group, LLC. 13 August 2020. Retrieved 14 August 2020.