Saran district

Saran district is one of the thirty-eight districts of Bihar state, India.[1] The district, part of Saran Division, is also known as Chhapra district after the headquarters of the district, Chhapra.

Saran district
District of Bihar
Location of Saran district in Bihar
CountryIndia
StateBihar
DivisionSaran
HeadquartersChhapra
Tehsils20
Government
 • Lok Sabha constituencies1. Saran, 2. Maharajganj (shared with Siwan district)
 • Vidhan Sabha constituenciesEkma, Manjhi, Baniapur, Taraiya, Marhaura, Chapra, Garkha, Amnour, Parsa, Sonpur
Area
 • Total2,641 km2 (1,020 sq mi)
Population
 (2011)
 • Total3,951,862
 • Density1,500/km2 (3,900/sq mi)
Demographics
 • Literacy72.57 per cent
 • Sex ratio949
Time zoneUTC+05:30 (IST)
Major highwaysNH 28B, NH 85, NH 101, NH 102, NH 19
Websitehttp://saran.bih.nic.in/

History
Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1901959,390—    
1911911,695−0.51%
1921931,796+0.22%
1931990,147+0.61%
19411,138,986+1.41%
19511,256,306+0.99%
19611,447,297+1.43%
19711,709,722+1.68%
19812,084,322+2.00%
19912,572,980+2.13%
20013,248,701+2.36%
20113,951,862+1.98%
source:[2]

Chirand, 10 kilometres east of Chhapra, is a stratified Neolithic, Chalcolithic, and Iron Age settlement, which is known for its continuous archaeological record from the Neolithic age (about 2500–1345 BC) to the reign of the Pal dynasty who ruled during the pre-medieval period.[3] The archaeological records suggest transitions in human habitation patterns in Chirand dating from 2500 BC to 30 AD.[4]

Hathwa Raj was a zamindar in the Saran Division of Bihar belonging to Bhumihars, which encompassed 1,365 villages, was inhabited by more than 391,000 people, and produced an annual rental of almost a million rupees.[5]

Hindi version of Saran Gazetteer titled as Srijan was released in September 2016.[6][7][8][9]

Geography

Saran district occupies an area of 2,641 square kilometres (1,020 sq mi),[10] equivalent to Drenthe province in the Netherlands.

The district of Saran is situated between 25°36' and 26°13' north latitude and 84°24' and 85°15' east longitude in the southern post of the Saran Division of North Bihar. The Ganges river provides the southern boundary of the district, beyond which lie the districts of Bhojpur and Patna. To the north of Saran lie the districts of Siwan and Gopalganj. The Gandak river forms the dividing line with the Vaishali and Muzaffarpur districts in the east. To the west of Saran lie the districts of Siwan and Balia in Uttar Pradesh. The Ghaghra river forms a natural boundary between Saran and Ballia.

The district is shaped like a triangle; its apex is the confluence of the boundary of the Gopalganj district and the Gandak – Ganges river. The district is made up entirely of plains, but several depressions and marshes create three broad natural divisions:

  • The alluvial plains along the big rivers, which are subject to periodic inundation.
  • The uplands away from the rivers, not subject to floods.
  • The riverbed diara areas.

India's biggest double-decker flyover is being constructed in Chhapra.[11] This 3.5 km long double-decker flyover from Gandhi Chowk to Nagarpalika Chowk,[12] is being constructed at the cost of ₹ 411.31 crore from the central road fund (CRF) under engineering procurement construction (EPC) mode by Bihar Rajya Pul Nirman Nigam Limited (BRPNNL).[13][14] It is longer than the 1.8 km double-decker flyover in Santa Cruz–Chembur Link Road.[15] Chief Minister Nitish Kumar laid the foundation stone of this double-decker flyover in July 2018, which is set to be completed by June 2022.[16] The width of the flyover will be 5.5 meters.[17] The double-decker flyover will be constructed from the eastern side of Bhikhari Thakur roundabout on NH- 19 crossing the Police Lines, Gandhi Chowk, Mouna Chowk, Nagarpalika (Rajendra) Chowk, bus stand and end at Daroga Rai Chowk near Zila school on the western side of Chhapra. The upper portion of the double-decker flyover bridge would be 3.5 km long and the lower portion 3 km.

Economy

Saran was earlier called 'money order economy' district, as people used to send remittances in money order to their families there.[18][19] It is one of the 38 districts in Bihar currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).[20]

Government

The present collector and District Magistrate of Saran is Subrat Kumar Sen.[21] The Divisional Commissioner is Narmadeshwar Lal (I.A.S).[22]

The district has three Subdivisions, 20 Community Development Blocks and 1764 villages.

Subdivisions

Saran District comprises three Sub-divisions:

Demographics
Religions in Saran District
Religion Percent
Hindus
 
 89.45%
Muslims
 
 10.28%
Not Stated
 
 0.18%
Christian
 
 0.06%
Sikh
 
 0.01%
Buddhist
 
 0.01%
Jain
 
 0.01%

According to the 2011 census Saran district has a population of 3,951,862,[23] roughly equal to the nation of Liberia[24] or the US state of Oregon.[25] This gives it a ranking of 60th in India (out of a total of 640).[23] The district has a population density of 1,493 inhabitants per square kilometre (3,870/sq mi).[23] Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 21.37%.[23] Saran has a sex ratio of 949 females for every 1000 males,[23] and a literacy rate of 68.57%.[23]

  • Population: Total: 3951862 Rural: 3598660 Urban: 35883
  • S.C. Population: Total: 474066 Rural: 438183 Urban: 24089
  • S.T. Population: Total: 36786 Rural: 35885 Urban: 901

Languages

At the time of the 2011 Census of India, 97.69% of the population in the district spoke Hindi and 2.28% Urdu as their first language.[26]

Languages include Bhojpuri, a tongue in the Bihari language group with almost 40 million speakers, written in both the Devanagari and Kaithi scripts.[27]

Transport

The nearest airport to Saran District is Lok Nayak Jayaprakash Airport in Patna, approximately 74 kilometres (46 mi) away.

Notable personalities
gollark: It's yours actually.
gollark: And whose fault is that?
gollark: Or at least the general concept of some PRs.
gollark: I have accepted ABR PRs before. Possibly. Maybe.
gollark: Gollarious bee #81828 deployed.

References
  1. "सारण। छपरा में कहने के लिए सारण काफी पुराना जिला है। मुगल शासक अकबर के दरबारी अबुल फजल ने आइने अकबरी".
  2. Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901
  3. "BIHAR: A QUICK GUIDE TO SARAN".
  4. "Historical dictionary of Ancient India".
  5. Yang, Anand A. (1999). Bazaar India: Markets, Society, and the Colonial State in Bihar. University of California Press. pp. 305 (at page 69). ISBN 978-0-520-21100-1.
  6. "Saran Gazetteer PDF DM Deepak Anand".
  7. "Execution of rail projects Saran's biggest gain in '16".
  8. सृजन से जाने सारण जिले की थाती को
  9. 'सारण सृजन' विवरणिका का डीएम ने किया लोकार्पण
  10. Srivastava, Dayawanti et al. (ed.) (2010). "States and Union Territories: Bihar: Government". India 2010: A Reference Annual (54th ed.). New Delhi, India: Additional Director General, Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India), Government of India. pp. 1118–1119. ISBN 978-81-230-1617-7.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
  11. "Chhapra to get Bihar's first double-decker flyover".
  12. "Two-deck flyover cost: Rs 411cr".
  13. "CM to open highway at Chhapra".
  14. https://www.telegraphindia.com/1170413/jsp/bihar/story_146000.jsp
  15. "Saran to beat Mumbai marvel".
  16. "Flyover first on Lalu's once turf".
  17. "Soon, Chhapra to get double-decker flyover".
  18. "मनीऑर्डर इकॉनोमी से स्वावलंबन की ओर सारण".
  19. "दानापुर-दिघवारा प्रस्तावित पुल सारण को बनायेगा मिनी 'नोएडा'".
  20. Ministry of Panchayati Raj (September 8, 2009). "A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme" (PDF). National Institute of Rural Development. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 5, 2012. Retrieved September 27, 2011.
  21. http://saran.bih.nic.in
  22. "Contact Details of Officers in Saran Commissionary". sarandivision.bih.nic.in.
  23. "District Census 2011". Census2011.co.in. 2011. Retrieved 2011-09-30.
  24. US Directorate of Intelligence. "Country Comparison:Population". Retrieved 2011-10-01. Liberia 3,786,764 July 2011 est.
  25. "2010 Resident Population Data". U. S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 2011-09-30. Oregon 3,831,074
  26. 2011 Census of India, Population By Mother Tongue
  27. M. Paul Lewis, ed. (2009). "Bhojpuri: A language of India". Ethnologue: Languages of the World (16th ed.). Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Retrieved 2011-09-30.

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