Rafinesquina
Rafinesquina is an extinct genus of large brachiopod that existed from the Darriwilian to the Ludlow epoch.[1]
Rafinesquina | |
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Rafinesquina ponderosa shell encrusted by the Tabulate coral Protaraea richmondensis | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Clade: | Lophophorata |
Phylum: | Brachiopoda |
Class: | †Strophomenata |
Order: | †Strophomenida |
Family: | †Rafinesquinidae |
Subfamily: | †Rafinesquininae |
Genus: | †Rafinesquina Clarke and Hall, 1892 |
Type species | |
Leptaena alternata Conrad, 1838 | |
Species | |
See Species |
The genus was named in honor of polymath Constantine Samuel Rafinesque.[2]
Description
Rafinesquina's members were epifaunal, meaning they lived on top of the seafloor, not buried within it, and were suspension feeders.[3] Rafinesquina normally have a concavo-convex profile, with radiating striae of alternating size which are crossed with finer concentric striae.[3] Their width is usually greater than their length, like most Strophomenids. Members of this genus had shells that grew in increments, with each increment forming a layer of the shell (much like trees do with their rings). in 1982, Gary D. Rosenberg used this fact along with samples of Rafinesquina alternata previously inferred to have lived in a shallow subtidal environment to estimate the total number of days in a lunar month (the period between full moons) during the Late Ordovician.[4]
Distribution
Rafinesquina specimens had a cosmopolitan distribution, and their fossils can be found in the Americas, Europe, and Asia.[1][5][6][7]
Species
Species in the genus Rafinesquina include:[6][7][8]
- R. alternata (Conrad, 1838)
- R. declivis (James, 1874)
- R. delicata Williams, 1974
- R. deltoidea (Conrad, 1838)
- R. insidiosa Williams, 1962
- R. jeffersonensis Bradley, 1930
- R. latisculptilus (Savage, 1913)
- R. lignani Vilas, 1985
- R. mesicosta Shumard, 1860
- R. mucronata Foerste, 1914
- R. nasuta (Emmons, 1842)
- R. oanduensis Oraspold, 1956
- R. orvikui Oraspold, 1956
- R. percensis Cooper and Kindle, 1936
- R. planulata Cooper, 1956
- R. ponderosa Hayes and Ulrich, 1903
- R. pseudoloricata (Barrande, 1848)
- R. relicula Benedetto, 1995
- R. stropheodontoides (Savage, 1913)
- R. trentonensis (Hall, 1847)
- R. ultrix Marek and Havlíček, 1967
- R. urbicola Marek and Havlíček, 1967
References
- Colmenar, Jorge (2016). "Ordovician rafinesquinine brachiopods from peri-Gondwana" (PDF). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 61 (2): 293–326. Retrieved 26 March 2020.
- Thompson, Ida (September 1982). National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Fossils. New York: Alfred a Knopf Inc. pp. 650–651. ISBN 978-0-394-52412-2.
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(help) - Stigall, Alycia. "Rafinesquina". Atlas of Ordovician Life. National Science Foundation. Retrieved 26 March 2020.
- Rosenberg, Gary (1982). "Growth rhythms in the brachiopod Rafinesquina alternata from the Late Ordovician of southeastern Indiana". Paleobiology. 8 (4): 389–401. doi:10.1017/S0094837300007132. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility
- Paleobiology Database
- Fossilworks
- Catalog of Life