RER D

The RER D is one of five RER lines serving Paris, France. It connects Orry-la-Ville and Creil in the north to Melun, Corbeil-Essonnes and Malesherbes in the south, passing through the heart of Paris.

RER D
Overview
Type	Rapid transit/commuter rail
System	Réseau Express Régional
Status	Operational
Termini	Creil (D3) Melun (D2), Malesherbes (D4)
Stations	59
Ridership	145,000,000 journeys per year
Operation
Opened	27 September 1987 (last extension in 1996)
Operator(s)	SNCF
Rolling stock	Z 5300, Z 5600, Z 20500
Technical
Line length	190 km (120 mi)
Track gauge	1,435 mm (4 ft 8 ^1⁄2 in)
Route map Geographically accurate path of the RER D

RER D
D3  Creil Oise Chantilly-Gouvieux  D1  Orry-la-Ville-Coye La Borne Blanche Survilliers-Fosses Louvres Les Noues  D7  Goussainville  D5  Villiers-le-Bel – Gonesse – Arnouville Garges – Sarcelles Pierrefitte – Stains Saint-Denis Stade de France – Saint-Denis Gare du Nord  D8  Châtelet–Les Halles Gare de Lyon Marne Maisons-Alfort – Alfortville Le Vert de Maisons Créteil-Pompadour Villeneuve – Prairie closed 2013 Villeneuve-Triage Villeneuve-Saint-Georges Vigneux-sur-Seine Seine Montgeron-Crosne Juvisy Yerres Viry-Châtillon Brunoy Grigny – Centre Ris-Orangis Orangis – Bois de l'Épine Le Grand Bourg Évry – Courcouronnes Centre Évry-Val-de-Seine Le Bras-de-Fer–Évry–Genopole  D6  Corbeil-Essonnes Boussy-Saint-Antoine Essonnes – Robinson Combs-la-Ville – Quincy Villabé Moulin-Galant Lieusaint – Moissy Le Plessis – Chenet Savigny-le-Temple – Nandy Le Coudray Montceaux Saint Fargeau Cesson Ponthierry Pringy Boissise le-Roi Le Mée-sur-Seine Vosves Seine Melun  D2  Mennecy Ballancourt La Ferté-Alais Boutigny Maisse Buno-Gironville Boigneville  D4  Malesherbes

Opened in stages from 1987 to 1996, it is the longest RER line by distance, and the busiest SNCF line in France, carrying up to 615,000 passengers and operating 466 trains each working day.[1] Almost all of the line is located in the Île-de-France region, that is, within the jurisdiction of the Île-de-France mobilités (STIF), but the some of the branch line ends at the north and south are outside this region. Due to a high rate of incidents, social issues and poor on time performance, the line is sometimes colloquially known as the "RER poubelle" (trash line).[2]

Line D also links Gare du Nord with Gare de Lyon via Châtelet-Les Halles. The northern section of Gare du Nord opened in the late 1980s; a dedicated tunnel opened in 1995 to connect it to the SNCF network south of Gare de Lyon, part of which was transferred to the RER.

Chronology

• 27 September 1987: Inauguration of Line D. Operated Villiers-le-Bel – Gare du Nord – Châtelet-Les Halles, 19 km (12 mi), using the Line B Tunnel to Châtelet–Les Halles
• 1988: Extension north towards Goussainville.
• September 1990: Extension north towards Orry-la-Ville.
• September 1995: Inauguration of "Interconnexion Sud-Est". The line is extended from Châtelet to Melun and La Ferté-Alais then Malesherbes (the following year, 1996) in the south of Paris.
• 25 January 1998: New station, Stade de France – Saint-Denis, opened. Located between Gare du Nord and St-Denis.
• 29 January 2007: First renovated Z 20500 stock in service.
• 19 March 2008: Start of the "D Maintenant" programme by Guillaume Pepy, the president of SNCF.
• 14 December 2008: Reduced "Interconnexion Nord-Sud" service, with 8 interconnected trains per hour.
• Late 2009: End of the "D Maintenant" programme.
• 7 December 2011: Start of studies for the doubling of the Châtelet-Gare du Nord tunnel.
• 15 December 2013: New station, Créteil-Pompadour, opened.

History

Conception

Initially, the "métro régional", the ancestor to the RER, was conceived of three lines, one going from east to west (the future RER A), a new line built from existing lines (the future RER C), the extension of the Ligne de Sceaux and with its interconnection with an SNCF line, along with a supplementary interconnected north–south (the future RER D). The operation of renovating "les Halles" gave the occasion to build Châtelet-Les Halles with a cut-and-cover method, in order to reduce costs.[3]

Gare de Lyon underground station in June 2008.

Initially, the new RER D was meant to share with the RER A between Paris-Gare de Lyon and Châtelet-Les Halles. But, RATP, the company who runs the RER A, objected to such an operation as the number of passengers using the RER A was growing and required running extra trains on the RER A. It was decided that instead, each lines must have its own platforms, in which the RER A at the Gare de Lyon has its tracks at lower level of the underground station, with the future RER D on the upper level. The RER D tracks at the Gare de Lyon have four tracks and being above the RER A tracks, allowed "platform to platform" transfers vertically, a Japanese invention.[3]

Inauguration

On 27 September 1987, the RER D was officially created, by extending existing suburban trains from Villiers-le-Bel to Gare du Nord, towards Châtelet-Les Halles. Initially 19 km (12 mi) long, it was equipped with bi-current Z 8800 stock trains, while newer Z 20500 stock trains were still being built. At Châtelet-Les Halles, the RER D terminated on the three central tracks, already built from the conception of Châtelet-Les Halles station.[4]

In 1988, existing suburban trains terminating at Goussainville now integrate with the RER D.[5] On the same year, the first bi-mode Z 20500 trains are in service. They were initially composed of 4 cars until the north–south interconnection was inaugurated in 1995, when they became 5-car trains (where they're coupled to make 10-car trains).

In September 1990, the RER D again extended north to Orry-la-Ville. At the same time, one-man operation started on the RER D.[6]

Central tunnel opening

On 11 September 1995, the north–south interconnection of the RER D was put into service by building a dedicated 2.5 km (1.6 mi) long tunnel between Châtelet-Les Halles and the Gare de Lyon.[7]

In 1996, the RER D was extended south from La Ferté-Alais to Malesherbes.[4] On 15 January 1998 for the 1998 FIFA World Cup, Stade de France – Saint-Denis station opened, in order to serve the Stade de France.

A high number of incidents, from a social and service point of view, have brought the term "RER poubelle" ("RER trash" in French), often used by its users, and even its staff.[8] Assaults are frequent[9] and unpunctuality is the highest in the Transilien network, with the number of late trains going from 9.9% to 14.1% between 1994 and 1995.[10]

Villeneuve – Triage station, in June 2007. On the left, track 2M towards Paris, on the right track 1B towards Villeneuve-Saint-Georges, and next to it, track 2B towards Paris.

A Z 20500 train at Corbeil-Essonnes station, in April 2007.

Enhancements

On 22 November 2006, the STIF has approved a master plan for the RER D, in order to establish short, mid and long-term goals for the reliability of the RER D.[11]

On 29 January 2007, the first renovated Z 20500 train was presented, the first out of 137 trains. Renovated trains feature a new blue livery, uniform 2+3 seats, new lighting and new floor covering. The renovation programme costs over €100,000,000.[12]

Delays

Protesters at Yerres on 17 October 2009

The RER D is often seen in Paris as the most unpunctual railway line in the RER network.[13] This unpunctuality is partially due to the tunnel the RER B and RER D lines share between Châtelet–Les Halles and Gare du Nord, where even a small delay of a few seconds on either lines can cause catastrophic delays and trains to be cancelled. The effects of this mean regular commuters of the RER D are used to trains being cancelled or late daily.

Incidents

On 20 September 2003, an unusual incident occurred near Villeneuve-Triage station. A southbound train stopped at 18:50 on the central track near the station due to an incident. Passengers aboard were invited to step off the train by the left, as track 2M has been neutralised by the regulators. However, due to a misuse of the alarm signal by nervous passengers, some doors opened on the right. Ignoring the driver's orders, numerous passengers stepped off on the right, and were confronted with a northbound train, travelling at around 110 km/h (70 mph).

The driver of the train had the time to activate his emergency brakes and slowed the train to around 70 km/h (45 mph), which permitted to passengers to brace against the stopped train or jump into the ditch. Thankfully, no one was injured.[14] This near miss, filmed by a passenger with a mobile phone, was broadcast the night of the incident, and created a large controversy.[15][16]

On 9 July 2004, an alleged anti-semitic assault provoked a public and political reaction, with immediate declarations from the Ministry of the Interior Dominique de Villepin and the President of France Jacques Chirac.[17] However, the allegations were proven false after the investigation, as the person behind the assault suffered from pathological lying. The event provoked a controversy on the treatment of information by the media.[18][19]

See also

• List of stations of the Paris Métro
• List of stations of the Paris RER

References

1. "RER D : Qualité de services et projets", Dossier de réunion publique SNCF, 5 décembre 2016, page 3 (consulté le 28 décembre 2016).
2. From French version: "Des incident fréquents: un RER 'poubelle'?" ("Frequent incidents: 'RER Trash'?").
3. Jean Robert, Notre métro, p. 386
4. http://cheminet.free.fr/idf_rer_d_e.php
5. Bernard Collardey, Les Trains de banlieue, tome II, p. 227
6. Les Trains de Banlieue. Tome II. De 1938 à 1999, op. cit., p. 227.
7. INA - Report on the new RER D
8. Le Journal du Dimanche - Comment améliorer le "RER poubelle", article d'Antoine Debièvre du 12.02.2006 Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine
9. Observatoire national de la délinquance - Phénomènes de délinquance dans les transports en commun ferrés d’Île-de-France
10. STIF - La régularité des modes ferrés
11. "Conseil du STIF du 22 novembre 2006" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
12. STIF - "Dès aujourd’hui, des trains rénovés : le STIF et Transilien SNCF s’engagent pour l’amélioration du RER D "
13. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6j_NlbfMOn8 | French TV report on the unreliability of the RER D
14. Conseil général des Ponts et Chaussées - Enquête sur les circonstances de l'incident survenu le 20 septembre 2003 sur la ligne D du RER en gare de Villeneuve-Triage, novembre 2003
15. "On l'a échappé belle, pour parler clair". metro-pole.net, via web.archive.org. 23 September 2003. Archived from the original on 10 January 2014. Retrieved 12 May 2015..
16. "Villeneuve-Triage, rapport d'enquête définitif". metro-pole.net, via web.archive.org. 5 November 2003. Archived from the original on 19 July 2013. Retrieved 12 May 2015..
17. Le Monde, Stupeur après l'agression antisémite d'une femme dans le RER, article du 13.07.2004
18. RFI - La France sous le choc
19. RFI - Antisémitisme : le doute

External links

English

• RATP's English-language website
• RATP's interactive map of the RER
• RATP's interactive map of the Paris métro

French

• RATP official website
• Mobidf website, dedicated to the RER (unofficial)
• Metro-Pole website, dedicated to Paris public transports (unofficial)