Helsingborg

Helsingborg (/ˈhɛlsɪŋbɔːrɡ/, US also /-bɔːr(jə), -bɔːri, ˌhɛlsɪŋˈbɔːri/,[2][3][4] Swedish: [hɛlsɪŋˈbɔrj] (listen), Danish: [helse̝ŋˈpɒˀ]; spelled Hälsingborg between 1912 and 1970) is a town and the seat of Helsingborg Municipality, Scania, Sweden. It had 108,334 inhabitants in 2017.[1] Helsingborg is the centre of the northern part of western Scania and Sweden's closest point to Denmark: the Danish city Helsingør is clearly visible about 4 km (2 mi) to the west on the other side of the Øresund. The HH Ferry route across the sound has more than 70 car ferry departures from each harbour every day.

For other uses, see Helsingborg (disambiguation).
Helsingborg
Top: Sofiero Palace, Second left: Kärnan, Second right: Rådhuset (Helsingborg City Hall), Third left: Dunker Culture House, Third right: Ramlösa mineral water source site, Bottom: A cruise terminal in Helsingborg Bredgatan Port
Coat of arms
Nickname(s): 
Pearl of the strait
Helsingborg
Helsingborg
Coordinates: 56°03′N 12°43′E
Country Sweden
Province Scania
CountySkåne County
MunicipalityHelsingborg Municipality
Charter1085
Area
 • Total38.41 km2 (14.83 sq mi)
Population
 (2017)[1]
 • Total108,334
 • Density2,529/km2 (6,550/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
25x xxx
Area code(s)(+46) 42
Websitewww.helsingborg.se

Following the Swedish orthography reform of 1906 the spelling of many place names in Sweden was modernized. In 1912 it was decided to use the form Hälsingborg. In preparation for the local government reform in 1971, Hälsingborg city council proposed that the new, enlarged municipality should be spelled Helsingborg; this form was adopted by the government of Sweden from 1 January 1971.

Historic Helsingborg, with its many old buildings, is a scenic coastal city. The buildings are a blend of old-style stone-built churches and a 600-year-old medieval fortress (Kärnan) in the city centre, and more modern commercial buildings. The streets vary from wide avenues to small alley-ways. Kullagatan, the main pedestrian shopping street in the city, was the first pedestrian shopping street in Sweden.

History

Helsingborg is one of the oldest cities of what is now Sweden. It has been the site of permanent settlement officially since 21 May 1085.[5] Helsingborg's geographical position at the narrowest part of Øresund made it very important for Denmark, at that time controlling both sides of that strait. From 1429 Eric of Pomerania introduced the Sound Dues, a levy on all trading vessels passing through the sound between Helsingør and Helsingborg.[6] This was one of the main sources of income for the Danish Crown. Crossing traffic, like fishermen, were not subject to the tax, which was initially directed against the Hanseatic League.

Following the Dano-Swedish War (1657-1658) and the Treaty of Roskilde Denmark had to give up all territory on the southern Scandinavian peninsula, and Helsingborg became part of Sweden. King Charles X Gustav of Sweden landed here on 5 March 1658 to take personal possession of the Scanian lands and was met by a delegation led by the bishop of the Diocese of Lund, Peder Winstrup. At that time the town had a population of barely 1,000 people.[7]

Its situation on a conflict-ridden border caused problems for Helsingborg. Denmark recaptured Scania twice, but could not hold it. The last Danish attempt to regain Scania was in 1710, when 14,000 men landed on the shores near Helsingborg. The Battle of Helsingborg was fought on the 28th of February just outside the city, which was badly affected. It took a long time to recover; even in 1770 the city had only 1,321 inhabitants and was still growing slowly.[7]

On 20 October 1811 Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte, Marshal of France and crown prince-elect of Sweden (later king Charles XIV John) took his first step on Swedish soil in Helsingborg on his journey from Paris to Stockholm.[8]

From the middle of the 19th century onwards Helsingborg was one of the fastest growing cities of Sweden, increasing its population from 4,000 in 1850 to 20,000 in 1890 and 56,000 in 1930 due to industrialization. From 1892 a train ferry was put in service, connecting Helsingborg with its Danish sister city Helsingør. A tramway network was inaugurated in 1903 and closed down in 1967.

In World War II, Helsingborg was among the most important drop-off points for the rescue of Denmark's Jewish population during the Holocaust. Adolf Hitler had ordered that all Danish Jews were to be arrested and deported to the concentration camps on Rosh HaShanah, the Jewish New Year which fell on 2 October 1943. When Georg Ferdinand Duckwitz, a German maritime attaché received word of the order on 28 September 1943, he shared it with political and Jewish community leaders. Using the name Elsinore Sewing Club (Danish: Helsingør Syklub) as a cover for messages, the Danish population formed an underground railroad of sorts, moving Jews away from the closely watched Copenhagen docks to spots farther away, especially Helsingør, just two miles across the Øresund from Helsingborg. Hundreds of civilians hid their fellow Danish citizens -- Jews -- in their houses, farm lofts and churches until they could board them onto Danish fishing boats, personal pleasure boats and ferry boats. In the span of three nights, Danes had smuggled over 7200 Jews and 680 non-Jews (gentile family members of Jews or political activists) across the Øresund, to safety in Sweden, with one of the main destinations at Helsingborg.[9]

Climate

Helsingborg has an oceanic climate typical of southern Sweden, although its winters are very mild for a location at such a high latitude. Although the temperature differences between seasons are significant, Helsingborg often lacks a meteorological winter with both January and February averaging just above the freezing point in terms of mean temperatures.

Climate data for Helsingborg, 2002–2019; extremes since 1948, precipitation 1961–1990
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 11.0
(51.8)		 15.3
(59.5)		 18.0
(64.4)		 26.0
(78.8)		 28.1
(82.6)		 30.5
(86.9)		 31.0
(87.8)		 32.4
(90.3)		 27.5
(81.5)		 22.5
(72.5)		 15.5
(59.9)		 12.0
(53.6)		 32.4
(90.3)
Average high °C (°F) 6.8
(44.2)		 6.3
(43.3)		 8.6
(47.5)		 13.5
(56.3)		 17.4
(63.3)		 21.3
(70.3)		 23.7
(74.7)		 22.6
(72.7)		 20.1
(68.2)		 13.5
(56.3)		 8.7
(47.7)		 7.5
(45.5)		 14.2
(57.5)
Daily mean °C (°F) 5.1
(41.2)		 4.4
(39.9)		 6.8
(44.2)		 8.1
(46.6)		 12.1
(53.8)		 16.6
(61.9)		 18.2
(64.8)		 17.0
(62.6)		 16.2
(61.2)		 9.8
(49.6)		 6.2
(43.2)		 5.5
(41.9)		 10.5
(50.9)
Average low °C (°F) 3.6
(38.5)		 3.0
(37.4)		 4.4
(39.9)		 5.1
(41.2)		 11.3
(52.3)		 14.1
(57.4)		 15.7
(60.3)		 14.4
(57.9)		 11.3
(52.3)		 5.9
(42.6)		 4.8
(40.6)		 4.0
(39.2)		 8.1
(46.6)
Record low °C (°F) −21.7
(−7.1)		 −20.5
(−4.9)		 −18.8
(−1.8)		 −8.7
(16.3)		 −1.5
(29.3)		 3.0
(37.4)		 4.4
(39.9)		 5.4
(41.7)		 −0.1
(31.8)		 −7.3
(18.9)		 −10.3
(13.5)		 −22.0
(−7.6)		 −22.0
(−7.6)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 40.6
(1.60)		 25.2
(0.99)		 37.2
(1.46)		 35.7
(1.41)		 38.9
(1.53)		 47.5
(1.87)		 66.1
(2.60)		 58.3
(2.30)		 55.2
(2.17)		 50.9
(2.00)		 55.8
(2.20)		 48.7
(1.92)		 558.3
(21.98)
Source 1: SMHI Average Precipitation 1961–1990[10]
Source 2: SMHI Average Data 2002–2015[11]

Demographics

On Dec. 31,2019, 147,734 people lived in Helsingborg. The town has strong immigrant communities. The five biggest immigrant nationalities are:

1. Iraq - 13,477
2. Syria - 8,923
3. Palestine - 7,300
4. Somalia - 5,000
5. Bosnia - 2,220

Other significant communities are from Kosovo, Serbia, Albania, Afghanistan, Romania and Morocco.

Economy

Industry

Helsingborg is a major regional centre of trade, transport and business. In 2001 Campus Helsingborg, a branch of University of Lund, opened in the former Tretorn rubber factory buildings, founded by Henry Dunker. Three ferry companies take people and cargo to and from Denmark around the clock. The route is popular with day-trippers going to Helsingør or Copenhagen, or simply enjoying the views from the ferries. IKEA, the retailer of furniture and home interiors, has its international corporate headquarters in Helsingborg. Nicorette, the nicotine chewing gum, has a manufacturing plant there. Ramlösa is a mineral water from Ramlösa Brunn, a southern suburb of the city. Mobile phone developer Spectronic is also situated in Helsingborg. The online custom clothing retailer Tailor Store Sweden AB has its offices in Helsingborg. Zoégas, a major coffee company, has been located here since the 1800s.[12]

Sports

The following sports clubs are located in Helsingborg:

Notable natives

Subdivisions

The City of Helsingborg is subdivided into 31 districts.

The districts of Helsingborg (Classification and census from 9 January 2006)
1Norr (3600) 12Centrum (3347) 22Närlunda (1125)
2Mariastaden (2302) 13Eneborg (3816) 23Eskilsminne (1835)
3Ringstorp (2802) 14Wilson Park (1988) 24Gustavslund (2772)
4Berga (1720) 15Rosengården (4388) 25Planteringen (2663)
5Drottninghög (2708) 16Husensjö (1564) 26Elineberg (2115)
6Dalhem (4530) 17Sofieberg (1606) 27Ramlösa (4593)
7*Tågaborg (7113) 18Adolfsberg (4319) 28Miatorp (2406)
8Stattena (2549) 19Söder (3665) 29Högasten (1034)
9Fredriksdal (4202) 20Högaborg (4017) 30Ättekulla (3274)
10Slottshöjden (3621) 21Fältabacken (930) 31Råå (3021)
11Olympia (1843)

Sights
  • Helsingborg waterfront
  • The northern harbour for yachts in Helsingborg
  • The Helsingborg city hall
  • Steps leading to Kärnan, central Helsingborg, close by the water front.
  • The Church of Saint Mary, central Helsingborg
  • Brunnsparkshotellet, Ramlösa
  • Ramlösa mineral water, old spring from 1707
  • The ferry Hamlet on the Öresund between Helsingborg and Helsingør
  • Kärnan, the medieval tower
  • View over Helsingborg from Kärnan
  • View over Helsingborg from Kärnan
  • Jørn Utzon's Elineberg Housing development
  • Swimming baths and sauna, Pålsjöbaden
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gollark: Semiconductor production is literally the most capital intensive industry.
gollark: You can't.
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See also

References
  1. https://www.scb.se/hitta-statistik/statistik-efter-amne/miljo/markanvandning/tatorter/pong/tabell-och-diagram/tatorter-2017--befolkning-landareal-andel-som-overlappas-av-fritidshusomraden/
  2. "Helsingborg". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (5th ed.). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Retrieved 2 May 2019.
  3. "Helsingborg", "Hälsingborg" (US) and "Helsingborg". Oxford Dictionaries UK Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 2 May 2019.
  4. "Helsingborg". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Retrieved 2 May 2019.
  5. "Helsingborgs stad – History of Helsingborg". Helsingborg.se. 2007-05-21. Archived from the original on 2007-08-08. Retrieved 2010-07-30.
  6. Faringdon, Hugh. (1989) Strategic Geography Routledge. ISBN 0-415-00980-4
  7. "CyberCity / Helsingborg / Befolkning". .historia.su.se. 2008-01-14. Archived from the original on 2004-11-15. Retrieved 2010-07-30.
  8. "Helsingborgs stad – Bernadotte jubileum 2010". Helsingborg.se. 2010-04-12. Retrieved 2010-07-30.
  9. Streit, Katie. "Rescue of the Danish Jews: Evacuation & Effects". study.com. Retrieved 2018-11-24.
  10. "Precipitation Averages 1961–90". SMHI. February 2016. Archived from the original on 28 September 2018. Retrieved 27 February 2016.
  11. "Statistics from Weather Stations" (in Swedish). SMHI. February 2016. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
  12. "Zoégas – Om Zoégas". zoegas.se. 2015-05-12. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
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