Örebro

Örebro (/ˌɜːrəˈbruː/ UR-ə-BROO,[4][5][6] Swedish: [œrɛˈbruː] (listen)) is a city with 124,027 inhabitants, the seat of Örebro Municipality and the capital of Örebro County in Sweden.[7] It is the sixth largest city in Sweden and one of the largest inland hubs of the country. It is located near the lake of Hjälmaren, although a few kilometres inland along the small river Svartån.

Örebro
Coat of arms
Örebro
Örebro
Coordinates: 59°16′26″N 15°12′27″E
CountrySweden
ProvinceNärke
CountyÖrebro County
MunicipalityÖrebro Municipality
Charter1404
Area
 • City1,380.11 km2 (532.86 sq mi)
 • Urban
49.27 km2 (19.02 sq mi)
Elevation
34 m (112 ft)
Population
 (2019)[2]
 • City155,989
 • Density2,172/km2 (5,630/sq mi)
 • Urban125,817
 • Metro
196,304[a]
Demonym(s)Örebroare
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
701 xx, 702 xx, 703 xx
Area code(s)(+46) 19
Websitewww.orebro.se
^ Including Örebro, Kumla, Hallsberg and Lekeberg municipalities.

Örebro is home to Örebro University, a major university hospital, a medieval castle, the water park Gustavsvik as well as several large shopping malls and the Oset-Rynningeviken nature reserve at the lakefront.

History
Örebro circa 1700, in Suecia antiqua et hodierna, with the castle in the middle

Örebro received its Royal Charter and city privileges not later than 1404.

The name Örebro refers to a bridge (bro) crossing the river Svartån where the city is located. The prefix Öre- is derived from ör 'gravel (bank)'.[8] The location became a natural seat of commerce in the Scandinavian Middle Ages and is mentioned in print in the 13th century. Old buildings from the early days include the foundations of the city church, a building which has undergone several modifications. The natural center of the city is otherwise the magnificent Örebro Castle, situated on an islet in the Svartån, and dividing the town into a northern and a southern part. This castle was constructed during the stewardship of Birger Jarl during the early 13th century and then modified and enlarged during the reign of King Gustav Vasa in the 1560s. The Örebro Synod was held here in 1529.

Notable events in Örebro's history include the national diet meeting at Örebro in 1810, where Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte was elected crown prince of Sweden.

Although a trade town, Örebro remained small until the second half of the 19th century, when it grew rapidly as a center of the national shoe-manufacturing industry (see: History of Närke).

Climate
Recreation area at Örebro University Hospital

Örebro, like the rest of the area close to Mälardalen, has a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb) that is made milder by the proximity to water and the Gulf Stream which makes it interchangeable with oceanic climates. Summer temperatures occasionally exceed 30 °C (86 °F) albeit not yearly, and temperatures above 5 °C (41 °F) are rare in winter, although frost-free nights sometimes occur. July high temperatures range from 20 °C (68 °F) to 26 °C (79 °F) depending on weather patterns, with a 2002–2014 mean high of around 23.4 °C (74.1 °F). During cold winters, Örebro receives plenty of snowfall. Örebro is far more prone than coastal areas to really harsh frosts with temperatures approaching or below −20 °C (−4 °F) happening almost every winter according to SMHI statistics. The station's setting in a rural location might skew temperatures somewhat compared to the urban area which is also at a slightly lower elevation and nearer Hjälmaren. Especially when considering overnight lows this could render a small urban heat island effect in the city centre.

However, the climate is very variable from year to year. For example, December 2010 was record cold with a daily mean of −9 °C (16 °F), whilst December 2006 only a few years before had a mean of 4.3 °C (39.7 °F).[9][10] The warmest month on record is 21.8 °C (71.2 °F) in July 2018 and the coldest on record is −12.8 °C (9.0 °F) in January 1987.[11][12] Örebro is often without snow cover for large parts of the winter months when daytime temperatures hover just above freezing – an exceptional feature for an inland area north of the 59th parallel.

The highest ever recorded temperature was set on 7 August 1975 during an intense heatwave with 36 °C (97 °F),[13] which is a very high temperature for such northerly parallels. During the 21st century, the record heat is 33.9 °C (93.0 °F) set on 8 August 2018.[14] The lowest recorded temperature in recorded history was set in February 1966 with −30 °C (−22 °F).[15] Several monthly records have been set in the 2010s according to official SMHI statistics, namely the record highs of March, May, July, October, November, December as well as the coldest December temperature and month on record, that was set in 2010.[16] The November record high of 2014 was associated with extremely unseasonal thunderstorms.[17] Humidity is high for most parts of the year, but adequately lower during summer months. In spite of this summer is generally the time that gets the most precipitation[18] due to clashes between hot and cool continental air systems causing heavy thunderstorm rainfall. In 2015, a 13.1 °C (55.6 °F) reading was recorded around the winter solstice, another record and a very warm reading for an inland area.[19]

Climate data for Örebro Airport (2002–2018 averages; precipitation in the ward of Almby; extremes since 1901)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 10.2
(50.4)		 12.4
(54.3)		 18.8
(65.8)		 26.9
(80.4)		 29.0
(84.2)		 34.0
(93.2)		 33.3
(91.9)		 36.0
(96.8)		 26.8
(80.2)		 20.2
(68.4)		 14.9
(58.8)		 13.1
(55.6)		 36.0
(96.8)
Mean maximum °C (°F) 6.8
(44.2)		 6.8
(44.2)		 13.1
(55.6)		 19.5
(67.1)		 25.3
(77.5)		 27.3
(81.1)		 29.4
(84.9)		 28.4
(83.1)		 22.8
(73.0)		 16.7
(62.1)		 11.6
(52.9)		 8.2
(46.8)		 30.5
(86.9)
Average high °C (°F) 0.4
(32.7)		 0.9
(33.6)		 5.5
(41.9)		 12.0
(53.6)		 17.6
(63.7)		 20.9
(69.6)		 23.5
(74.3)		 21.8
(71.2)		 17.4
(63.3)		 10.4
(50.7)		 5.4
(41.7)		 2.3
(36.1)		 11.5
(52.7)
Daily mean °C (°F) −2.5
(27.5)		 −2.2
(28.0)		 1.2
(34.2)		 6.5
(43.7)		 11.7
(53.1)		 15.7
(60.3)		 18.0
(64.4)		 16.5
(61.7)		 12.5
(54.5)		 6.7
(44.1)		 2.7
(36.9)		 −0.5
(31.1)		 7.2
(45.0)
Average low °C (°F) −5.4
(22.3)		 −5.3
(22.5)		 −3.1
(26.4)		 1.0
(33.8)		 5.8
(42.4)		 9.5
(49.1)		 12.4
(54.3)		 11.1
(52.0)		 7.6
(45.7)		 3.0
(37.4)		 0.0
(32.0)		 −3.2
(26.2)		 2.8
(37.0)
Mean minimum °C (°F) −18.8
(−1.8)		 −15.7
(3.7)		 −12.3
(9.9)		 −5.9
(21.4)		 −1.3
(29.7)		 3.7
(38.7)		 6.9
(44.4)		 4.7
(40.5)		 −0.5
(31.1)		 −5.0
(23.0)		 −9.4
(15.1)		 −14.1
(6.6)		 −21.4
(−6.5)
Record low °C (°F) −29.6
(−21.3)		 −30.0
(−22.0)		 −28.0
(−18.4)		 −14.5
(5.9)		 −5.6
(21.9)		 −1.2
(29.8)		 2.5
(36.5)		 0.0
(32.0)		 −5.7
(21.7)		 −12.8
(9.0)		 −19.5
(−3.1)		 −26.6
(−15.9)		 −30.0
(−22.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 50.6
(1.99)		 38.2
(1.50)		 30.7
(1.21)		 35.2
(1.39)		 63.2
(2.49)		 62.2
(2.45)		 82.2
(3.24)		 85.7
(3.37)		 54.7
(2.15)		 62.8
(2.47)		 63.5
(2.50)		 54.4
(2.14)		 683.4
(26.9)
Source 1: SMHI Open Data[20]
Source 2: SMHI average data 2002–2018[21]

Demography

Sites of interest
The watertower Svampen (The Mushroom). A restaurant is located at the top of the building.

Örebro's old town, Wadköping, is located on the banks of the Svartån (black stream). It contains many 18th and 19th century wooden houses, along with museums and exhibitions. The water tower of Örebro, named Svampen (The Mushroom), is a popular destination as an outlook tower. In 1971, a replica of the tower was built in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

  • Rebel leader Engelbrekt in front of Örebro City Hall
  • Lindhska Bookstore in central Örebro
  • Centralpalatset, at the corner of Storgatan, one of Örebro's main streets

Culture
  • Swedish Chamber Orchestra
  • Örebro is the hometown of the punk-rock band Millencolin. They named one of their albums Pennybridge Pioneers, where Pennybridge stands for Örebro as a colloquial translation into English.
  • Örebro is the hometown of various Swedish rock bands, such as Smash Into Pieces, Truckfighters, Blues Pills, Witchcraft, Troubled Horse and others, Graveyard's Lead Singer, Joakim Nilsson also was born in Örebro
  • The influential and highly popular grind band Nasum were formed in Örebro.
  • Örebro is one of the public broadcaster SVT's 12 local news districts and has television premises located in the city.

Örebro has hosted a contemporary art exhibition called Open Art on four occasions: in 2008, 2009, 2011 and 2013. In 2013, the exhibition featured works by 90 artists from Sweden and many other countries throughout the world.[22] The fifth edition of the exhibition is planned for the summer of 2015.[23]

Örebro University is one of Sweden's most recent, being upgraded from högskola (university college) in 1999. It currently has around 16,000 students and a staff of 1,100. The institution is regarded as one of the top 351–400 universities in the world.[24] The university is also named among the world's top 100 young universities (number 62) in the 2018 THE Young University Rankings.[25]

Gustavsvik, the largest water park in the Nordic countries, is located just a kilometer south of central Örebro. With more than 700,000 visitors per year, it is one of the most popular tourist and leisure establishments in Sweden. Only Liseberg, Gröna Lund and Skansen are more popular. In the summer the manor of Karlslund is a very popular place to visit.

Sports

Football

Floorball
  • Lillån IBK
  • IBF Örebro

Other sports

Karlslunds IF is a multi-sports club specialising in American Football, Bandy, Baseball/Softball, Bowling, Football, Gymnastics, Skiing and Swimming.

Notable people
Artists
Politicians and public officials
Religion
Scientists and engineers
Sportspeople
Writers

Twin towns – sister cities
See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Sweden

Örebro is twinned with [26]

gollark: SINECOSINETANGENT
gollark: The cosine rule and whatnot are more annoying than just simple sin/cos/tan.
gollark: I like right-angled ones most because you can apply trigonometry to them more easily.
gollark: I quite like them, my favourites are right-angled triangles.
gollark: Yes.

See also

References
  1. "Localities 2010, area, population and density in localities 2005 and 2010 and change in area and population". Statistics Sweden. 29 May 2012. Archived from the original on 16 January 2013.
  2. "Folkmängd i riket, län och kommuner 31 december 2019" (in Swedish). Statistics Sweden. 20 February 2020. Retrieved 20 February 2020.
  3. "Folkmängd och landareal i tätorter, per tätort. Vart femte år 1960 - 2019". Statistikdatabasen.
  4. "Örebro". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (5th ed.). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Retrieved 14 April 2019.
  5. "Örebro" (US) and "Örebro". Oxford Dictionaries UK Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 14 April 2019.
  6. "Örebro". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Retrieved 14 April 2019.
  7. "Population in localities increased by 120 000". Statistiska Centralbyrån. Retrieved 15 November 2017.
  8. Wahlberg, Mats, ed. (2003). Svenskt ortnamnslexikon (PDF) (in Swedish) (1st ed.). Uppsala: Swedish Institute for Dialectology, Onomastics and Folklore Research. pp. 388–389. ISBN 91-7229-020-X. Retrieved 9 October 2017.
  9. "December – air temperature and wind (2010)" (PDF) (in Swedish). SMHI. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
  10. "December – air temperature and clouds (2006)" (PDF) (in Swedish). SMHI. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
  11. "July – air temperature and wind (July 2014 – all-time record section)" (PDF) (in Swedish). SMHI. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
  12. "January – air temperature and wind (2015 – all-time record section)" (PDF) (in Swedish). SMHI. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
  13. "August 2014 – Air Temperature and Wind" (PDF). Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI). Retrieved 19 February 2015.
  14. "August 2018 – Air Temperature and Wind" (PDF). Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI). Retrieved 15 April 2019.
  15. "February 2014 – Air Temperature and Wind" (PDF). Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI). Retrieved 19 February 2015.
  16. "December 2010 -Air Temperature and Wind" (PDF). SMHI. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
  17. "The crazy November weather – Record heat and Thunder (Swedish)". EWP.se. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
  18. "Average Precipitation for Stations (Swedish)". SMHI. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
  19. "13,1 – nytt värmerekord för Örebro" (in Swedish). Nerikes Allehanda. 20 December 2015. Retrieved 20 December 2015.
  20. "Meteorological observations". Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute. Retrieved 15 April 2019.
  21. "Annual and Monthly Statistics". Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute. Retrieved 15 April 2019.
  22. "OpenART 2015: Artists". openart.se.
  23. johan. "OpenART 2015: About". openart.se.
  24. "Rankings: Örebro University". Times Higher Education. Retrieved 20 July 2018.
  25. ”Young University Rankings 2018”. Times Higher Education. Retrieved 20 July 2018.
  26. "Vänorter" [Sister cities]. Örebro kommun [Örebro Municipality] (in Swedish). Archived from the original on 27 July 2009.:
  27. "Miasta partnerskie" [Twin Cities]. Urząd Miasta Łodzi [City of Łódź] (in Polish). Archived from the original on 24 June 2013.
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