Qasr el Banat, Lebanon

Qasr el Banat (Arabic: قصر البنات) is an ancient temple (probably Roman) situated 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) east of Chlifa in the Baalbek District of the Beqaa Governorate in the city of Qsarnaba (Lebanon).[1][2]

Qasr el Banat
Castra El Banaat
Shown within Lebanon
Alternative nameQasr el Banât, Qasr al Banat, Kasr el-Banat, Qasr/Castra El-Banaat
RegionBaalbek
Coordinates34.0875°N 36.117778°E / 34.0875; 36.117778
History
CulturesRoman
Site notes
ConditionRuins
Public accessYes
This article is about the temple in Lebanon. For the Roman fort in Egypt, see Qasr el Banat. For the 12th century house in Raqqa, Syria, see Qasr al-Banat.

History

It is believed the site was called the Castle of Virgins and was the residence of virgins in Roman times.[3][4] Indeed the arab word "Qasr" comes from the latin "castra" (meaning in English: "castle").

By the middle of the 2nd century, the Romans built many small temples and other sanctuaries in the vicinity of the temple district of Heliopolis, today's Baalbek, on the edge of the Bekaa. They were pilgrimage destinations for the inhabitants of the big cities on the coast. One of the Roman processional streets led - partly carved out of the rock - from here directly to the mountain temples of Hosn Niha. One of the most famous is the one in the village of Qsarnaba, called actually "Castra El Banaat".

George F. Taylor classified Qasr el Banat among a group of ancient Roman Temples of the Beqaa Valley. It is suggested to date to Ancient Roman, but it is possible that was originally built -as a very small temple- during Ancient Greek eras or earlier. The temple is located on a rocky plateau, accessible by a climb up a hill at an altitude of 1100 meters. The top of the hill is covered in various platforms, cisterns, tanks and steps that have been carved out of solid bedrock. Within the remains is a small antae temple, constructed of large square blocks that was used as a fortress in later times. Some sections remain intact built up two or three layers high. A basilica (probably byzantine Christian) from a later period was built alongside the temple.[1]

There are two circular structures located around 100 metres (330 ft) southeast of the temple that are thought to have been examples of the high places referenced in the Bible.

Characteristics

The Prostylos Temple of Qsarnaba, with the entrance on the east side, stood on a high platform, reached by a wide flight of steps with over 20 steps. The walls of the podium were moved to the east and formed a lateral conclusion of the stairs. The mighty limestone curbs of the former Cella wall, which are distributed on the site, are weathered to some extent to the shapelessness. In 1974, the first phase of the restoration was completed, in which up to three rows of temple walls could be restored. In the middle section of the cella, the stepped base of a raised cult place can be seen. A separate sacrificial altar stands outside in the east at the foot of the staircase.

It was composed of parts and supplemented in a further restoration phase after 1993. The columns of the vestibule were crowned by Corinthian capitals. Individual parts of the pediment triangle were assembled in the original form and placed as a whole at ground level next to the temple. In the upper cornice, a carved relief bust is preserved at the top of the gable. It shows the bearded head of a man who probably represents the founder of the building.

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See also

References
  1. George Taylor (1967). The Roman temples of Lebanon: a pictorial guide. Dar el-Machreq Publishers. Retrieved 1 November 2012.
  2. Othmar Keel (1997). The Symbolism of the Biblical World: Ancient Near Eastern Iconography and the Book of Psalms. Eisenbrauns. pp. 158–. ISBN 978-1-57506-014-9. Retrieved 1 November 2012.
  3. Gockel, Wolfgang; Bruns, Helga (1998-01-01). Syria - Lebanon. Hunter Publishing, Inc. ISBN 9783886181056.
  4. Dau, Butros (1984-01-01). History of the Maronites: Relig[i]ous, Cultural, and Political. B. Dau.
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