Pabna District

Pabna District (Bengali: পাবনা জেলা Pabna Zila) is a district in central Bangladesh.[2] It is one of the "economically important districts" in Bangladesh. Its administrative capital is the eponymous Pabna town.

Pabna

পাবনা
District
Motto(s): 
"২১ এর চেতনায়,আলোকিত পাবনা!"
Location of Pabna District in Bangladesh
Expandable map of Pabna District
Country Bangladesh
DivisionRajshahi Division
Pubna District,Bengal Presidency,British India1828
Area
 • Total2,371.50 km2 (915.64 sq mi)
 flood plain and marsh land
Elevation
8 m (26 ft)
Population
 (2019 census)
 • Total3,011,180
 • Density1,300/km2 (3,300/sq mi)
Literacy rate
 • Total85%
Time zoneUTC+06:00 (BST)
Postal code
6600–6682
HDI (2018)0.606[1]
medium · 10th of 21
Websitepabna.gov.bd

History

Archeologist Cunningham conjectured that the name "Pabna" might be derived from the Pundra or Poondrobordhon civilisation, whose capital was Mahasthangarh, the oldest city of Bangladesh, in neighbouring Bogra, but this hypothesis has not received general acceptance among scholars.

In 1859–61, the district was one of the major areas involved in the Indigo revolt. Beginning in Yusufshahi period in 1873, the serfs resisted excessive demands of increased rents by feudal lords (zamindar''), led by the nouveau riches Banerjees and Dwijendranath Tagore, by forming an Agrarian League. This largely peaceful movement found the support of the Lieutenant-governor of Bengal, George Campbell, who antagonised the absentee feudal lords. These protests are generally referred to as Pabna disturbances. In the following year, the district was one of the worst hit by famine.[3] The peasants' demands were finally partially met with the Rent Law Act of 1885.

In 1875, Raaygonj was transferred back to Pabna from Bogra, and in 1879, a separate judgeship for the districts of Pabna and Bogra was created. The history of Pabna was written by Advocate Chowdhury Mohammad Badruduzza. Sharir

Demographics

Of the 2.1 million inhabitants, 51.17% are male; 90.12% are Muslims, 9.50% are Hindu, 0.22% are Christian, and 0.16% are other. The district has 2353 mosques, 420 Hindu temples, and 11 churches. No Buddhist pagoda is in Pabna. Sree Sree Thakur Anukulchandra Aasrom (missionary) beside Mental Hospital, Pabna at Hemayetpur has the largest Hindu temple in Pabna.

Geography

Pabna forms the south-east boundary of Rajshahi Division. Sirajganj District is on the north-east, while the Padma River, main stream of the holy river Ganges, in the south separates it from Rajbari District and Kushtia District. The Jamuna River runs along its eastern border separating it from Manikgonj District; and on the north-west, it has a common boundary with the Natore District. Its average maximum temperature is 36.8 °C, and the minimum is 9.6 °C; annual rainfall is 1872 mm. Characteristically, the soil of the district is divided into four, due to the flood plains of the Ganges, Karatoya, Jamuna, and Barind Tracts. Its main rivers are the Ganges, Ichamati, Gumani, Baral, and Hurasagar Rivers.

Climate
Climate data for Pabna
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 23.3
(73.9)		 27.5
(81.5)		 33.6
(92.5)		 36.8
(98.2)		 35.2
(95.4)		 32.8
(91.0)		 31.7
(89.1)		 31.8
(89.2)		 32.2
(90.0)		 31.6
(88.9)		 29.1
(84.4)		 25.9
(78.6)		 31.0
(87.7)
Daily mean °C (°F) 16.4
(61.5)		 20.2
(68.4)		 26.0
(78.8)		 29.7
(85.5)		 29.9
(85.8)		 29.1
(84.4)		 28.8
(83.8)		 29.1
(84.4)		 29.2
(84.6)		 27.6
(81.7)		 23.3
(73.9)		 19.1
(66.4)		 25.7
(78.3)
Average low °C (°F) 9.6
(49.3)		 12.9
(55.2)		 18.5
(65.3)		 22.8
(73.0)		 24.6
(76.3)		 25.6
(78.1)		 25.9
(78.6)		 26.4
(79.5)		 26.2
(79.2)		 23.6
(74.5)		 17.5
(63.5)		 12.4
(54.3)		 20.5
(68.9)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 19
(0.7)		 18
(0.7)		 34
(1.3)		 56
(2.2)		 159
(6.3)		 300
(11.8)		 260
(10.2)		 294
(11.6)		 242
(9.5)		 201
(7.9)		 17
(0.7)		 3
(0.1)		 1,603
(63)
Average relative humidity (%) 45 36 39 44 59 73 74 76 72 68 52 49 57
Source: National newspapers

Rivers

The district is intersected by rivers of varying magnitude. The river system, though, is constituted by the Padma and the Jamuna with their interlacing offshoots and tributaries. Besides these flowing streams, the interiorhas the abandoned beds of old rivers, most of which are dry except in the rains.
The general trend of the drainage of the Serajganj subdivision is from north-west to south-east, with the rivers entering it from the north-west flow into the Jamuna after a tortuous course. In the Sadar subdivision, however, the general slope of the country is from west to east, and the main rivers fall into Hurasagar, an offshoot of the Jamuna.

The following rivers flow through Pabna District:

  1. Padma River
  2. Ichhamati River
  3. Baral River
  4. Atrai River
  5. Chiknai River
  6. Jamuna River
  7. Kazipur River
  8. Karatoya River
  9. Hurasgar River
  10. Gumany River
  11. Rotnai River
  12. Badai river
  13. kageshari river
  14. sutikhali river
  15. Komla river
  16. chondraboti river
  17. barnai river

Economy
  • Main occupations: Agriculture 34%, agricultural farm-hands 22.77%, wage labourer 4.46%, transport 2.18%, weavers 2.85%, commerce 13.27%, service 7.26%, and others 13.21%
  • Land control: Among the peasants, 29% are landless peasants, with 49% small, 18% intermediate, and 4% rich.
  • Value of land: The market value of the land of the first grade is Tk 15500 per 0.01 acre.
  • Crops: Paddy rice, jute, wheat, sugarcane, oil seeds, onion, garlic, betel leaf (paan), pulses
  • Extinct or nearly extinct crops: Indigo, sesame, linseed, cereals such ase kaaun and cheena, and orhor pulses
  • Fruits: Mango, jackfruit, banana, lychee (lichu), coconut, guava, pomelo, and papaya
  • Fisheries, dairies, and poultries: Dairies 1069, fisheries 88, poultry 714, hatcheries 37
  • Industries: Ishwardi EPZ; Pakshey paper mill, sugar mill, cotton mill, jute] press, edible oil mill, Square Pharmaceuticals, biscuit factory, most prominent rice industry is Purbasha Automatic Rice mills Ltd. in Ishwardi and flour mill (Rouf and sons Flour Mill), ice factory, welding, saw mill, cold storage: The SQUARE group established several factories in the district, namely pharmaceuticals, spices, food, toiletries, and textiles, and converting the agricultural economy of Pabna to an industrial society.
  • Cottage industries: Hand loom, bamboo and caneworks, blacksmith, goldsmith, potteries, woodworks, and tailoring
  • Main exports: Rice, jute, betel leaf, hosiery goods, cotton, cotton fabrics.
  • Active NGOs are: BRAC, CARE, ASA, Grameen Bank, Caritas, Proshika, Shomota, Thengamaara Mohila Shobuj Shongho (TMSS) and Polli Progoti, ASEAB, BOSS.

Irrigation

Water from the river Jamuna is pumped from Bera pump house to the east through the Baral river.

Points of interest

Pakshey is a popular green area and a small town. The railway colony of Paksey, divisional headquarters of Bangladesh Railway, has many old trees, and is beside the river Padma and the Hardinge Bridge. An export processing zone (EPZ) and the newly built Lalon Shah Bridge are situated here.

Idyllic Poddar Par (the bank of the Padma) at Shilaaidoho Ghaat is 5 km south of town's old Technical Institute, where people can enjoy a river cruise. A river crossing (ghaat) here connects to Shilaaidoho of Kumarkhali Upazila of Kushtia District. Nobel laureate poet Rabindranath Tagore had a Koothibari (villa) at Shilaaidoho, where his birth anniversary is celebrated regularly.

Bangladesh Mental Hospital, Pabna is a hospital beside Pabna's main town, and the only mental hospital in Bangladesh. Mental patients from anywhere in Bangladesh to there to get treatment.

There is a marshy area, Chalan Beel, in the north.

Dhalarchar (Aminpur) was famous for crime, but it is now popular and valuable for its geographical position after established Aminpur Thana.

Administration

The district comprises nine upazilas:

  1. Atgharia Upazila
  2. Bera Upazila
  3. Bhangura Upazila
  4. Chatmohar Upazila
  5. Faridpur Upazila (Formerly Bonwareenogor)
  6. Ishwardi Upazila
  7. Pabna Sadar Upazila
  8. Santhia Upazila
  9. Sujanagar Upazila
  • Zila Parishad chairman: Rezaur Rahim Laal
  • Deputy Commissioner (DC): MD Jasim Uddin
  • City Mayor : Kamrul Hasan Mintu

Health

A general hospital and a mental hospital are at Pabna. The 11 thanas of the district hold a Upazila health complex each. Each Upazila health complex has qualified doctors who got appointment through Bangladesh Civil Service (BCS) commission. For better treatment, people need to go to medical college and other tertiary hospitals in Rajshahi or Dhaka. The 250-bed government general hospital is here, with a 450-bed mental hospital, second oldest in Indian subcontinent, only after Ranchi Mental Hospital, Jharkhand, India. Recently, government-owned Pabna Medical College and Hospital has been set up. Around 15 health clinics are available.

Mental Hospital, Pabna and Pabna Medical College and Hospital are built on land donated by Lord Thakur Anukulchandra at Hemayetpur.

Centre for the Rehabilitation of the Paralysed has started its 10th subcenter at Pabna in the name of “CRP- Pabna Diabetic Shamity” from January 2017 with the collaboration of Pabna Diabetic Shamity to provide rehabilitation services such as physiotherapy, occupational therapy, speech and language therapy, awareness raising program regarding disability and rehabilitation, and scarf-injury prevention, and also provide assistive devices to the persons with disabilities.

Transport

Roads, waterways, railways, and one airport are present. The traditional paalkee (sedans), tomtom (horse carriages), and gorur gaari (bullock carts) are now going out of the fashion. The nosimon and korimon, locally made mechanical haulers using irrigation pumps as their main engines, are mainly used for transporting agricultural goods and rural folks. Inexpensive Chinese electric and petrol autobikes (tricycles) are gaining popularity as urban transport. Dhaka is about five hours by road. Hardinge Bridge and Lalon Shah Bridge over the Padma linked Pabna with Kushtia District and Khulna Division, and the southern Bangladesh. Before the Partition of India, it was a major stoppage for trains from Kolkata to Assam and Darjeeling. The Hardinge Bridge already passed a glorious and historical hundred years. Pabna is also connected to Dhaka by the age old roadway through the Jamuna River crossing at Nogorbari, opposite to the river crossing of Aricha at Manikgonj District. It is also very well communicated with Dhaka by modern roads through Jamuna Bridge. There is a new rail link established to Pabna town.

Pabna Railway Station situated in near Pabna Central Bus Terminal. Nearby rail stations are situated in Tebunia, Chatmohar Upazila and Ishwardi Upazila. Ishwardi Upazila is one of the important railway junctions of the North Bengal as well as in Bangladesh. There are nine rail stations in this district: Ishwardi, Ishwardi Bypass, Pakshi, Muladuli, Chatmohar, Bhangura, Baral Bridge, Sharat Nagar, Dilpashar and Guakhara. Pabna is well connected by road, rail, river or air to the rest of the country.

Ishwardi Upazila has an airport. Biman Bangladesh Airlines used to operate twice-weekly services to Ishwardi from Hazrat Shahjalal International Airport, Dhaka, but no airline is operating to and from Ishwardi now.[4]

Several Dhaka-bound private bus services are available: Pabna Express, Shyamoli Parbahan, Sarkar Travels, Raja Badshah, Ishurdi Express, Shahzadpur Travels, Baadol, Night Star, Kings, Esha, Mahanagar, Capital Service, Sakal Shandha, Uttara, B Nagar, Al Hamra etc. Government owned Bangladesh Road Transport Corporation (BRTC) provides bus services to Rajshahi and Bogra cities. Water transport is important, as the Padma and other rivers, and Chalan Beel are situated in Pabna. In Pabna district ride by nosimon, rickshawvan, and korimon are pleasant.

Education

Overall, literacy is male 71.8% and female 65.7% A renowned science and technology university, Pabna University of Science and Technology, is located there, as are 34 colleges, a cadet college, a law college, a government polytechnic institute, a government vocational training institute, a textiles college, a government commerce college, a teachers' training college, a primary teacher's training institute, a nursing training institute, a homoeopathic college, 202 high schools, 29 junior high schools, a Madrassa Aliya, 261 qaomi madrassa (seminary), 667 government primary schools, 445 nongovernment primary schools, eight community schools, 29 kindergartens, 32 satellite schools, 299 NGO-operated schools, and a music college. Pabna Zilla School, Pabna Edward College, and Banwarinagar C.B. Pilot High School of this district are very old in the region - over a hundred years.

Noted educational institutions are:

Pabna Zilla School

School

  • Pabna Cadet College (1981)
  • Pabna Zilla School(1853)
  • Pabna Govt. Girls High School(1883)
  • Govt. Edward College,Pabna (founded 1898)
  • Pabna University of Science and Technology (2008)
  • Pabna Medical College (2008)
  • Pabna Textile Engineering College (2008)
  • Pabna Polytechnic Institute(1891)
  • Selim Nazir High School(1924)
  • Pabna Collectorate public school and college(2008)
  • North Bengal Paper Mills High School, Paksey(1972)
  • Jagir Hossain Academy, Pabna
  • Al-hera Academy School and college (1987)
  • Gopal Chandra Institution (GCI) (1894)
  • Galaxy School & College Bera-Pabna (2001)
  • Atghoreia Government College (1972)
  • Atghoria Government High School (1954)
  • Government Shahid Bulbul College
  • Pabna City College
  • Banwarinagar Cornation Bonomali Pilot High School (1912), (Faridpur)
  • Basanta Raha Institute of engineering and health science (1899)
  • Shahid Fazlul Haque Municipal High School (1967)
  • Banglamotion Institute of Engineering & Technology (2012)
  • Pabna Town Girls High School (1903)
  • Madrassa Aliya (1925),
  • MC Jubilee High School (1936)
  • Pabna Cadet Collegiate School (1993)
  • Online.net (IT School) (2000)
  • Amina Monsoor Girls High School (2002)
  • Ataikula High School (1938)
  • Bhangura Union High School
  • Bhangura Jarina Rahim Girls High School
  • Haji Jamal Uddin Degree College
  • Bhangura Alia Madrassa
  • Hadol Madrassa, Debottor (Atgharia)
  • Government Primary School (1880)
  • Varenga (Bera) Academy (1835)
  • Bera B B High School (1899)
  • Bera High School (1906)
  • Monjur kadir Mohila College, bera, Pabna.(1990)
  • Dhobakhola Coronation High School (1906)
  • Banwarinagar pilot girls high school(1972), Faridpur.
  • Shara (Ishwardi) Marwari School (1917)
  • Khalilpur (Shujanogor) High School (1901)
  • Bhadurpur Government Primary School (1909)
  • JotGoury Jalalpur Government Primary School (1943)
  • Dulai High School (1967)
  • Pabna Collectorate Public School and college (2009)
  • Khan Pura High School (1918)
  • Malifa Habibor Rahman Multilateral High School (1957)
  • Masundia Bhabanipur K.J.B College
  • Masundia Bhabanipur High School
  • Pabna College, Pabna (1983)
  • Nariagodai High School, Nariagodai, Santhia, Pabna (1963)
  • Kashinathpur Abdul Latif High School, Pabna
  • Sujanager Pilot Model High School And College (1956)
  • Karanja Pre Cadet School & College (2005)
  • Pakuria school and college(1907)
  • Imam Hossain Academy, Santhia, Pabna (2001)
  • Santhia Pilot High School, Santhia (1943)
  • Chatmohar RCN & BSN high school & college(1861)
  • Saint Rts. high school, mothurapur, chatmohar, pabna(1970)[5]
  • Chiknai High School,Mulgram, Chatmahor
  • Chatmohar pilot girls high school(1970)
  • Chatmohar government degree(hons) college(1970)
  • Tebunia Wasim Pathshala, Tebunia, Pabna
  • Samsul Huda Degree College, Tebunia, Pabna

Newspapers

Locally published newspapers and periodicals:

  • newspabna.com,Doinik Ichhamoti,Doinik Shatakantha, Doinik Pabna Protidin,Doinik Uttor Jonota (Ishwardi); weekly: Gan Bikashini, Pabna Barta, Bibriti, weekly banshpatra.daily pabnar alo. Arshi; fortnightly: Jamuna, Charmohar Barta, Faridpur Barta, Junction, Jonodabi (Ishwardi); monthly: Gan Prova, Polli Dorpon, Manoshi, Amar Desh and Pabna, Tawhid (Bhangura), Chetona, Shocheton.

National dailies like Prothom Alo, The Daily Star, Jugantor, Ittefaq, Kaaler Kontho, Janakantha, Amader Shomoy, The New Age are also available.

Members of ninth Jatiyo Sangshad (2009 – )

Notable residents

Literature
  • Kalyan Kumar Sen Gupta; Pabna Disturbances and the Politics of Rent 1873–1885; New Delhi 1974
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gollark: Also, we could use a standard networked API for querying/retrieving from centralized storage systems.
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References
  1. "Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org. Retrieved 18 March 2020.
  2. Md. Shariful Alam (2012). "Pabna District". In Sirajul Islam and Ahmed A. Jamal (ed.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
  3. Kalyan Kumar Sen Gupta; Pabna Disturbances and the Politics of Rent 1873–1885; New Delhi 1974
  4. দীর্ঘ ১৫ বছর বরে বদ্ধ ঈশ্বরদী বিমানবন্দর [Ishwardi Airport closed for 15 long years]. Jugantor (in Bengali). 28 February 2012. Archived from the original on 1 March 2012.
  5. →www.facebook.com/st.ritashighschool
  6. "Members of Parliament : All". Lcgbangladesh.org. Archived from the original on 25 August 2013. Retrieved 28 August 2013.
  7. "Banu, Selina - Banglapedia". en.banglapedia.org. Retrieved 1 November 2017.
  8. "Devi, Priyamvada - Banglapedia". en.banglapedia.org. Retrieved 12 November 2017.
  9. Ahmed Humayun Kabir Topu, Pabna (17 January 2012). "Poet Bonde Ali's 106th birth anniversary today". Thedailystar.net. Retrieved 28 August 2013.

9. " Opinion on Care Taker Government and relevant issues (2011), Statement Submitted to Appellate Division of Bangladesh Supreme Court;

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