Prayer of Saint Francis

The anonymous text that is usually called the Prayer of Saint Francis (or Peace Prayer, or Simple Prayer for Peace, or Make Me an Instrument of Your Peace) is a widely known Christian prayer for peace. Often associated with the Italian Saint Francis of Assisi (c. 1182 – 1226), but entirely absent from his writings, the prayer in its present form has not been traced back further than 1912.[1] Its first known occurrence was in French, in a small spiritual magazine called La Clochette (The Little Bell), published by a Catholic Church organization in Paris named La Ligue de la Sainte-Messe (The League of the Holy Mass). The author's name was not given, although it may have been the founder of La Ligue, Father Esther Bouquerel. The prayer was heavily publicized during both World War I and World War II.[2] It has been frequently set to music by notable songwriters and quoted by prominent leaders, and its broadly inclusive language has found appeal with diverse faiths encouraging service to others.[1][3][4]

For a prayer actually written by Saint Francis, see Canticle of the Sun.

"Prayer of Saint Francis"

by Francis
Original title	Belle prière à faire pendant la Messe
First published in	La Clochette
Country	France
Language	French
Publisher	La Ligue de la Sainte-Messe (ed. Father Esther Bouquerel)
Publication date	December 1912 (1912-12)

Text

In most of the published versions of the prayer, the text is abridged, paraphrased or copyrighted. Below is the complete original text from its earliest known publication (1912, in French, copyright expired), alongside a line-by-line English translation.

French original:[5] Seigneur, faites de moi un instrument de votre paix. Là où il y a de la haine, que je mette l'amour. Là où il y a l'offense, que je mette le pardon. Là où il y a la discorde, que je mette l'union. Là où il y a l'erreur, que je mette la vérité. Là où il y a le doute, que je mette la foi. Là où il y a le désespoir, que je mette l'espérance. Là où il y a les ténèbres, que je mette votre lumière. Là où il y a la tristesse, que je mette la joie. Ô Maître, que je ne cherche pas tant à être consolé qu'à consoler, à être compris qu'à comprendre, à être aimé qu'à aimer, car c'est en donnant qu'on reçoit, c'est en s'oubliant qu'on trouve, c'est en pardonnant qu'on est pardonné, c'est en mourant qu'on ressuscite à l'éternelle vie.

English translation: Lord, make me an instrument of your peace. Where there is hatred, let me bring love. Where there is offence, let me bring pardon. Where there is discord, let me bring union. Where there is error, let me bring truth. Where there is doubt, let me bring faith. Where there is despair, let me bring hope. Where there is darkness, let me bring your light. Where there is sadness, let me bring joy. O Master, let me not seek as much to be consoled as to console, to be understood as to understand, to be loved as to love, for it is in giving that one receives, it is in self-forgetting that one finds, it is in pardoning that one is pardoned, it is in dying that one is raised to eternal life.

Franciscan viewpoints

The Franciscan Order does not include the prayer in its official "Prayers of St. Francis",[6] and a church historian has noted that the phrasing of the first half of the text ("let me...") is atypically self-oriented for Francis:

The most painful moment usually comes when [students] discover that Saint Francis did not write the "Peace Prayer of Saint Francis"... Noble as its sentiments are, Francis would not have written such a piece, focused as it is on the self, with its constant repetition of the pronouns "I" and "me", the words "God" and "Jesus" never appearing once.[7]

However, the prayer has been recommended by members of the order, while not attributing it to St. Francis.[8]

It has been noted that the second half of the prayer has similarities to this saying of Giles of Assisi (c. 1190 – 1262), one of the saint's close companions:

Aurea Verba Beati Aegidii Assiensis

Beatus ille qui amat, & non-deſiderat amari:
beatus ille qui timet, & non deſiderat timeri:
beatus ille qui ſervit, & non deſiderat ſibi ſerviri:
beatus ille bene ſe gerit erga alios, et non ut alii ſe bene gerant erga ipſum:
& quia hæc magna ſunt, ideo ſtulti ad ea non attingunt.[9]

Golden Sayings of Blessed Giles of Assisi

Blessed is he who loves and does not therefore desire to be loved;
Blessed is he who fears and does not therefore desire to be feared;
Blessed is he who serves and does not therefore desire to be served;
Blessed is he who behaves well toward others and does not desire that others behave well toward him;
And because these are great things, the foolish do not rise to them.[10]

Musical settings

Sebastian Temple (1967)

The most-prominent hymn version of the prayer is "Make Me a Channel of Your Peace", or simply "Prayer of St. Francis", adapted and set to a chant-like melody in 1967 by South African songwriter Sebastian Temple (Johann Sebastian von Tempelhoff, 1928–1997), who had become a third order Franciscan. The hymn is an anthem of the Royal British Legion and is usually sung at its annual Festival of Remembrance. In 1997 it was part of the Funeral of Diana, Princess of Wales, and was performed by the Irish singer Sinéad O'Connor on the Princess Diana tribute album.[12][13] The hymn was also sung for the religious wedding ceremony of Prince Albert II of Monaco to South African Charlene Wittstock in 2011.[14]

Others

Additional settings of the prayer by notable musicians include those by:

• Arthur Bliss[15]
• Maire Brennan[16]
• The Burns Sisters[17]
• F.R.C. Clarke[18]
• René Clausen[19]
• Bing Crosby – recorded 4 November 1954 for the cause of Father Junípero Serra.[20]
• Donovan[21]
• Dream Theater[22]
• Petr Eben[23]
• John Foley[24]
• Marc Jordan[25]
• Singh Kaur[26]
• Snatam Kaur[27]
• Matt Maher[28]
• Mary McDonald[29]
• Sarah McLachlan[30]
• A Ragamuffin Band[31]
• John Rutter[32]
• John Michael Talbot[33]

History

Christian Renoux, a history professor at the University of Orléans, published in French in 2001 a book-length study of the prayer and its origins, clearing up much of the confusion that had accumulated previously.[34] The Franciscan journal Frate Francesco and the Vatican newspaper L'Osservatore Romano published articles in Italian summarizing the book's findings,[4][35] and Renoux published an online abstract in English at The Franciscan Archive.[1]

La Clochette (1912)

The earliest known record of the prayer[36] is its appearance, as a "beautiful prayer to say during Mass", in the December 1912 issue of the small devotional French Catholic publication La Clochette, "the bulletin of the League of the Holy Mass".[5] Although the prayer was published anonymously, Renoux concluded that, with few exceptions, the texts in La Clochette were generally written by its founding editor, Father Esther Bouquerel (1855–1923).[37]

Mistaken attribution (1916) to 11th-century William the Conqueror

St. Francis on a painted altarpiece by Gerard David (early 1500s)

In 1915, Marquis Stanislas de La Rochethulon (1862–1945), founding president of the Anglo-French association Souvenir Normand (Norman Remembrance), which called itself "a work of peace and justice inspired by the testament of William the Conqueror, who is considered to be the ancestor of all the royal families of Europe", sent this prayer to Pope Benedict XV in the midst of World War I.[1] The Pope had an Italian translation published on the front page of L'Osservatore Romano on 20 January 1916. It appeared under the heading, "The prayers of 'Souvenir Normand' for peace", with a jumbled explanation: "'Souvenir Normand' has sent the Holy Father the text of some prayers for peace. We have pleasure in presenting in particular the prayer addressed to the Sacred Heart, inspired by the testament of William the Conqueror."[38] On 28 January 1916, the newspaper La Croix reprinted, in French, the article from L'Osservatore Romano, with exactly the same heading and explanation.[39] La Rochethulon wrote to La Croix to clarify that it was not a prayer of Souvenir Normand; but he failed to mention La Clochette, the first publication in which it had appeared.[4] Because of its appearance in L'Osservatore Romano and La Croix as a simple prayer for peace during World War I, the prayer became widely known.[1]

Mistaken attribution (c.1927) to 13th-century Saint Francis

Around 1918, Franciscan Father Étienne Benoît reprinted the "Prayer for Peace" in French, without attribution, on the back of a mass-produced holy card depicting his Order's founder, the inspirational peacemaker from the Crusades era, Saint Francis of Assisi.[1] The prayer was circulating in the United States by January 1927, when its first known English version (slightly abridged from the 1912 French original) appeared in the Quaker magazine Friends' Intelligencer, under the misattributed and misspelled title "A prayer of St. Francis of Assissi".[40][41] The saint's namesake American archbishop and military vicar Francis Spellman distributed millions of copies of the "Prayer of St. Francis" during World War II, and the next year it was read into the Congressional Record by Senator Albert W. Hawkes. As a friar later summarized the relationship between the prayer and St. Francis: "One can safely say that although he is not the author, it resembles him and would not have displeased him."[42]

Other notable invocations

The Prayer of St. Francis has often been cited with national or international significance, in the spirit of service to others.

By religious leaders

Memorial engraving of global religious leaders at the first "World Day of Prayer for Peace", in Assisi

In 1986, Pope John Paul II recited the prayer in bidding farewell to the global religious leaders he hosted for the first "World Day of Prayer for Peace", in Assisi at the Basilica of St. Francis.[43] Indeed, the prayer "over the years has gained a worldwide popularity with people of all faiths";[1] and in 2013, Pope Francis chose his papal name as a tribute to St. Francis, "the man who gives us this spirit of peace".[44]

Mother Teresa of Calcutta (Kolkata, India) made it part of the morning prayers of the Roman Catholic religious institute she founded, the Missionaries of Charity. She attributed importance to the prayer when receiving the Nobel Peace Prize in Oslo in 1979 and asked that it be recited. It became the anthem of many Christian schools in Kolkata.[4][45] South Africa's Anglican archbishop Desmond Tutu, winner of the 1984 Nobel Peace Prize for his non-violent leadership against apartheid, declared that the prayer was "an integral part" of his devotions.[4]

By political leaders

Margaret Thatcher, after winning the 1979 United Kingdom general election, paraphrased the prayer on the doorstep of 10 Downing Street, surrounded by a throng of reporters, having "kissed hands" with Queen Elizabeth II and become Prime Minister.[46][47] In 1995, U.S. President Bill Clinton quoted it in his welcoming remarks to John Paul II, starting the papal visit to address the United Nations in New York City.[4] Nancy Pelosi quoted the prayer when she became Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives in 2007,[48] as did her successor John Boehner when he resigned in 2015.[49] At the 2012 Democratic Convention, Jena Nardella invoked the prayer during the closing Benediction.[50]

By others

The prayer is referenced in the Alcoholics Anonymous book Twelve Steps and Twelve Traditions (1953), and is often known to AA members as the "Step Eleven Prayer".[51] An abbreviated version of the prayer was sung in Franco Zeffirelli's 1972 film about St. Francis, Brother Sun, Sister Moon.[21] A modified segment of the prayer is recited in one of the early trailers for the Sylvester Stallone 2008 film Rambo.[52] A modified version of the prayer appears in the song Prayer in the musical Come From Away.[53] Beanie Feldstein sings the prayer in the 2017 movie Lady Bird, set at a Catholic girls' school.[54] A shortened version appears in the HBO show Deadwood, episode 11, season one. And also appears in the CBC TV Series Anne with an E, episode 3, season three.[55]

According to singer and guitarist Trey Anastasio from the American rock band Phish, recital of the Saint Francis prayer is an integral part of his pre-concert ritual.

References

1. Renoux, Christian. "The Origin of the Peace Prayer of St. Francis". The Franciscan Archive. Retrieved 25 May 2011.
2. Manning, Kathleen (2017). "What do we know about St. Francis, America's most popular saint?". U.S. Catholic. Retrieved 4 May 2018.
3. Renoux 2001, pp. 21, 27–28.
4. Piccuci, Egidio (19–20 January 2009). "Le origini del testo attribuito a san Francesco d'Assisi: L'Osservatore Romano e la vera storia della Preghiera semplice". L'Osservatore Romano (in Italian). p. 6.
5. Bouquerel, Esther, ed. (December 1912). "Belle prière à faire pendant la Messe". La Clochette (in French) (12): 285. Retrieved 7 March 2017.
6. Francis of Assisi. "Prayers of St. Francis" (PDF). Ordo Fratrum Minorum: Franciscan Friars. Retrieved 26 April 2017.
7. Thompson, Augustine (2012). Francis of Assisi: A New Biography. Cornell University Press. p. ix. ISBN 978-0-8014-5070-9. Retrieved 19 March 2017.
8. Perry, Michael A.; Patton, Francesco (27 November 2016). "Children praying for peace: Letter from the Minister General and from the Custos of the Holy Land". Ordo Fratrum Minorum: Franciscan Friars. Retrieved 26 April 2017.
9. A Godefrido Henschenio; Daniele Papebrochio (1675). Acta Sanctorum Aprilis Tomus III. Translated by Paschal. p. 227. Retrieved 5 February 2019.
10. Giles of Assisi (1907) [orig. 13th century]. The Golden Sayings of Blessed Brother Giles. Translated by Robinson, Paschal. Dolphin Press. p. 5. Retrieved 27 September 2015.
11. Temple, Sebastian. "Prayer of St. Francis" on YouTube (official link). Retrieved 23 March 2017.
12. "Sebastian Temple: Songs, Bio". Oregon Catholic Press. Retrieved 5 March 2017.
13. Bradley, Ian (2005). The Daily Telegraph Book of Hymns. Bloomsbury Academic. pp. 277–279. ISBN 978-0-8264-8678-3. Retrieved 5 June 2017.
14. "Royal Wedding: Live broadcast". Prince's Palace of Monaco. 2 July 2011. Archived from the original on 5 July 2011. Retrieved 2 July 2011.
15. Bliss, Arthur (October 1973). "Prayer of Saint Francis of Assisi". Musical Times. 114 (1568): 1–4. doi:10.2307/955423. JSTOR 955423.
16. Brennan, Maire. "Peacemaker". Cross Rhythms. Retrieved 10 March 2017.
17. "The Burns Sisters, 'Out of the Blue'". Rambles.net. Retrieved 10 March 2017.
18. Clarke, F.R.C. "Prayer of St. Francis". Leslie Music Publications. Retrieved 10 March 2017.
19. Clausen, René. "Prayer of St. Francis". Shawnee Press. Retrieved 9 March 2017.
20. "A Bing Crosby Discography". BING magazine. International Club Crosby. Retrieved 2 October 2017.
21. Donovan. "An Instrument of Your Peace". Franciscan Friars of Canada. Retrieved 4 March 2017.
22. Wilson, Rich (2009). Lifting Shadows: The Authorized Biography of Dream Theater. Essential Works Limited. pp. 371–372. ISBN 978-1-906615-02-4.
23. Eben, Petr. "Učiň mě, Pane, nástrojem". Schola OP. Retrieved 13 May 2019 – via YouTube.
24. Foley, John. "Peace Prayer". Oregon Catholic Press. Retrieved 7 March 2017.
25. Jordan, Marc. "Instrument of Peace". AllMusic. Retrieved 8 March 2017.
26. Kaur, Singh. "Instruments of Peace". AllMusic. Retrieved 8 March 2017.
27. Kaur, Snatam. "Servant of Peace". Moved By Love. Retrieved 9 March 2017.
28. Maher, Matt. "Instrument" on YouTube (official link). Retrieved 9 March 2017.
29. McDonald, Mary. "Make Me an Instrument of Thy Peace". Choral Tracks. Retrieved 29 March 2017.
30. McLachlan, Sarah. "Prayer of St. Francis" on YouTube (official link). Retrieved 7 March 2017.
31. A Ragamuffin Band. "Make Me an Instrument" on YouTube (official link). Retrieved 9 March 2017.
32. Rutter, John (June 2016). Lord, make me an instrument of thy peace. John Rutter Anniversary Edition. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780193416741. Retrieved 7 March 2017.
33. Talbot, John Michael. "Peace Prayer". AllMusic. Retrieved 9 March 2017.
34. Renoux 2001.
35. Messa, Pietro (November 2002). "Recensioni: Christian Renoux, La prière pour la paix attribuée à saint François: une énigme à résoudre". Frate Francesco (in Italian). 68 (2): 413–416. Retrieved 28 April 2017.
36. Renoux 2001, p. 21.
37. Renoux 2001, pp. 27–28.
38. "Le preghiere del 'Souvenir Normand' per la pace". L'Osservatore Romano (in Italian). 20 January 1916. p. 1.
39. "Les prières du 'Souvenir Normand' pour la paix". La Croix (in French). 28 January 1916. p. 6. Retrieved 6 March 2017.
40. "A prayer of St. Francis of Assissi". Friends' Intelligencer. Philadelphia: Religious Society of Friends. 84 (4): 66. 22 January 1927. Retrieved 27 September 2015.
41. O'Toole, Garson (22 December 2011). "Prayer Credited to St. Francis of Assisi". Quote Investigator. Retrieved 9 March 2017.
42. Marty, Christophe-André (January 2014). "La Prière pour la Paix". Le Gallican (in French). Archived from the original on 8 July 2016. Retrieved 6 March 2017.
43. Pope John Paul II (27 October 1986). "To the Representatives of the Christian Churches and Ecclesial Communities and of the World Religions, for the World Day of Prayer". The Holy See. Retrieved 7 March 2017.
44. Pope Francis (16 March 2013). "Audience to Representatives of the Communications Media". The Holy See. Retrieved 17 March 2017.
45. Madre Teresa (TV documentary). RAI. 2003. Retrieved 27 September 2015.
46. "The real prayer of Francis of Assisi". The Daily Telegraph. 12 April 2013. Retrieved 6 March 2015.
47. "Margaret Thatcher: Her Legacy" on YouTube (official link). The Wall Street Journal. 8 April 2013. Retrieved 12 March 2017.
48. "Pelosi takes the helm in triumph". Los Angeles Times. 5 January 2007. Retrieved 6 March 2015.
49. "This Is the Prayer John Boehner Read at His Resignation". Time. 25 September 2015. Retrieved 27 September 2015.
50. Nardella, Jena (9 April 2012). "Praying for the Nation". jenanardella.com. Jena Lee Nardella. Retrieved 10 January 2019.
51. Wilson, Bill (1953). Twelve Steps and Twelve Traditions (PDF). Alcoholics Anonymous. p. 99. ISBN 978-0-916856-01-4.
52. myxmovie (15 January 2008), Rambo 4 (Trailer 2008), retrieved 3 September 2018
53. Whyte, Murray (5 March 2017). "Come From Away's hopeful message strikes a chord in New York". The Star. Retrieved 26 June 2018.
54. Dougherty, John (13 June 2018). "The Non-Catholic School Kid's Guide to Lady Bird – John Dougherty". Medium. Retrieved 9 July 2019.
55. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt11039100/?ref_=ttep_ep3

Sources

• Renoux, Christian (2001). La prière pour la paix attribuée à saint François: une énigme à résoudre (in French). Paris: Éditions franciscaines. ISBN 978-2-85020-096-0.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)

Further reading

• Boff, Leonardo (1999). The Prayer of Saint Francis: A Message of Peace for the World Today. Orbis. ISBN 978-2-89507-159-4.
• Easwaran, Eknath (2004) [orig. c. 1990]. The Prayer of Saint Francis (Audiobook). Blue Mountain Center of Meditation. ASIN B00GT08I8Q. ISBN 978-1-58638-651-1.
• Haase, Albert (2004). Instruments of Christ: Reflections on the Peace Prayer of Saint Francis of Assisi. St. Anthony Messenger Press. ISBN 978-0-86716-572-2.
• Isbouts, Jean-Pierre (2016). "Chapter 7. The Prayer of St. Francis". Ten Prayers That Changed the World: Extraordinary Stories of Faith That Shaped the Course of History. National Geographic. ISBN 978-1-4262-1644-2.
• Nerburn, Kent (1999). Make Me an Instrument of Your Peace: Living in the Spirit of the Prayer of Saint Francis. Harper Collins. ISBN 978-0-06-251581-0.