Tantum ergo

"Tantum ergo" is the incipit of the last two verses of Pange lingua, a Medieval Latin hymn generally attributed to St Thomas Aquinas c. 1264, but based by Aquinas upon various earlier fragments. The "Genitori genitoque" and "Procedenti ab utroque" portions are adapted from Adam of Saint Victor's sequence for Pentecost.[1] The hymn's Latin incipit literally translates to "Therefore so great".

The singing of the Tantum ergo occurs during veneration and benediction of the Blessed Sacrament in the Catholic Church and other denominations that have this devotion.[2] It is usually sung, though solemn recitation is sometimes done, and permitted.[3]

Text

Latin
Tantum ergo Sacramentum
Veneremur cernui:
Et antiquum documentum
Novo cedat ritui:
Præstet fides supplementum
Sensuum defectui.
Genitori, Genitoque
Laus et iubilatio,
Salus, honor, virtus quoque
Sit et benedictio:
Procedenti ab utroque
Compar sit laudatio.
Amen.
℣. Panem de cælis[4] præstitisti eis (in Paschaltide and on Corpus Christi, 'Alleluia' is added).[5]
℟. Omne delectamentum in se habentem[Wis 16:20] (in Paschaltide and on Corpus Christi, 'Alleluia' is added).
℣. Oremus: Deus, qui nobis sub sacramento mirabili, passionis tuæ memoriam reliquisti: tribue, quæsumus, ita nos corporis et sanguinis tui sacra mysteria venerari, ut redemptionis tuæ fructum in nobis iugiter sentiamus. Qui vivis et regnas in sæcula sæculorum.
℟. Amen.

Literal translation
Hence so greatly the Sacrament
Let us venerate with heads bowed [cernui]
And let the old practice [documentum]
Give way to the new rite;
Let faith provide a supplement
For the failure of the senses.
To the Begetter and the Begotten [both masculine gender],
Be praise and jubilation,
Hail,[6] honour, virtue[7] also,
And blessing too:
To the One proceeding from Both
Let there be equal praise.
Amen.
℣. You have provided them bread from heaven.
℟. Having in itself [in se] all delight [delectamentum].
℣. Let us pray: O God, who to us in this wonderful Sacrament, bequeathed a memorial of Your Passion: grant, we beseech, that we, in worshipping [venerari; in addition to simple worship, may also mean worshipping in order to receive favour] the Holy Mysteries of Your Body and Blood, may within ourselves continually [iugiter], sensibly perceive [sentiamus] the fruit of Your redemption. You who live and reign into ages of ages.
℟. Amen.

English translation

A century-old translation[8] and still used in Catholic churches liturgically[9] renders the hymn thus, in a form which can be sung to the same music as the Latin:

Down in adoration falling,
Lo! the sacred Host we hail,
Lo! o'er ancient forms departing
Newer rites of grace prevail;
Faith for all defects supplying,
Where the feeble senses fail.
To the Everlasting Father,
And the Son Who reigns on high
With the Holy Ghost proceeding
Forth from Each eternally,
Be salvation, honour, blessing,
Might, and endless majesty.
Amen.
℣. Thou hast given them bread from heaven.
℟. Having within it all sweetness.
℣. Let us pray: O God, who in this wonderful Sacrament left us a memorial of Thy Passion: grant, we implore Thee, that we may so venerate the sacred mysteries of Thy Body and Blood, as always to be conscious of the fruit of Thy Redemption. Thou who livest and reignest forever and ever.
℟. Amen.

Other, more modern English translations exist and are also used in Catholic churches liturgically.

Theological aspects

The words "procedenti ab utroque / compar sit laudatio"—literally, "May equal praise be to the One proceeding from both"—refer to the Holy Spirit, who according to the later version of the Nicene Creed used in Western Christianity proceeds from both the Father and the Son. The view that the Spirit proceeds from the Son as well is disputed by many Eastern Christians.

A partial indulgence is granted to the faithful who devoutly recite the Tantum ergo. But a plenary indulgence is granted on Holy Thursday and on the feast of Corpus Christi, if it is recited in a solemn manner.[10]

Musical settings

The basic text has been set by numerous composers from the Renaissance (Palestrina), the Romantic period (Anton Bruckner, Gabriel Fauré, Franz Schubert, Louis Vierne), and modern composers (Maurice Duruflé, David Conte).

Déodat de Séverac composed a motet set to the text.

Bruckner wrote eight settings of the text: WAB 32, WAB 43, WAB 41 (Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4), WAB 42, and WAB 44. Fauré wrote two settings: Op. 55, and Op. 62 No. 2. Schubert wrote six settings: D. 460, D. 461, D. 730, D. 739 (Op. 45), D. 750, and D. 962. Vierne's treatment of it is his Opus 2. Duruflé's setting is contained as No. 4 of his Op. 10, Quatre Motets sur des thèmes grégoriens, published in 1960,[11] and uses the plainchant melody.

Pierce Turner adapted the plainchant melody and text on a song of the same name on his 2016 album Love Can't Always Be Articulate.[12]

Philippine use

The Church in the Philippines uses a separate hymn tune [another video] from the Pange lingua, whose first three strophes are otherwise sung to the melody used elsewhere. This particular tune, which is of Spanish origin, is credited to a "J. Carreras" and was originally published with a time signature of 3
4 but is now sung in quadruple metre in Luzon and in quadruple then triple metre in the Visayas.[13]

Let Us Raise Our Voice

This tune is also used to sing "Let Us Raise Our Voice", a loose English adaptation of the Tantum ergo. The hymn, whose lyrics paraphrase the first two forms of the Memorial Acclamation of the Mass, is sung during the Wednesday Novena Service to Our Lady of Perpetual Help and Benediction at Baclaran Church (the icon's principal shrine in the country).

Let us raise our voice to proclaim our Faith:
Christ the Lord, for us has died;
Dying, He destroyed our death,
Rising, He restored our life.
O Lord Jesus, we await
Your last return in glory.
When we eat the bread and we drink the cup
In the blessed Eucharist
We meet You, our Risen Saviour,
Giving life to us anew.
Through life’s journey be with us,
To strengthen us forever.
Amen, Amen.
℣. You have given them bread from heaven [Alleluia].[5]
℟. The source of all happiness [Alleluia].
℣. Let us pray: Lord God, by the Paschal Mystery of the Death and Resurrection of Your only Son, You accomplish the work of man’s redemption. Full of trust, we proclaim the Paschal Mystery in the sacramental signs of the Eucharist. Help us to see ever growing in us the fruits of Your saving work; through Christ Our Lord.
℟. Amen.
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References
  1. Jeffers, Ron. Translations and Annotations of Choral Repertoire.Corvallis: Earthsongs. 1988.
  2. See, e.g., benediction in English at St. John's Episcopal Church of Detroit, Benediction @ St. John's Church, Detroit - Part 2, at about 1:30, for an example of benediction in the Episcopal Church USA. For an example in the Roman Catholic Church, in Latin, see Benediction May 2, 2010: Fr. Miguel Marie.
  3. "Tantum Ergo". Catholic Encyclopedia. This citation refers only to the practice of the Catholic Church prior to the liturgical changes of Vatican II.
  4. The word "cælis", not "cælo", is used in Finnegan, Sean. The Book of Catholic Prayer. 2000: Loyola Press. p. 521. The book prints the entire text of the prayer. However, "cælo" (and "cœlo") are common variations. The distinction here is that the forms ending in "is" are plural ("skies"), and the forms ending in "o" are singular ("sky"). This is a distinction without a difference as "bread from the sky" or "bread from the skies" clearly means "bread from heaven." Moreover, in a common pronunciation of Church Latin, "æ" and "œ" are pronounced the same. See a pronunciation table here.
  5. The word "Alleluia" is appended during Eastertide. See the Thesaurus Precum Latinarum entry. The abbreviation "P.T." stands for "Paschaltide," another word for "Eastertide."
  6. "Salus." The verb associated with "salus" is "sit" in the following line. The Lewis & Short Latin dictionary at Perseus provides the most appropriate meaning for "salus" under definition number I.B.: "a wish for one's welfare (expressed by word of mouth or in writing), a greeting, salute, salutation." There is no word in modern English that captures the sense used here exactly, but it is similar to the archaic "hail" as in "Hail to the Chief." The Lewis & Short Dictionary gives another example of the same usage of "salus" from the comedy writer Plautus: "Non ego sum salutis dignus?" Literally, "Am I not worthy of your good wishes?" or "Am I not worthy of your hail"?
  7. For other examples of Latin use of the word "virtus" by St. Thomas Aquinas, here translated "virtue", see the Latin of the Summa Theologica, e.g. . For a discussion of the translation of the triplet "salus, honor, virtus" as the "three good wishes" customarily given to rulers, see e.g. robdick's comments at .
  8. Source: p. 126, "The Raccolta; Or Collection of Indulgenced Prayers," by Ambrose St. John, 1857 ; see also p. 63-64, "Hymns and Poems, Original and Translated" by Edward Caswall, 1873.
  9. See e.g."Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-09-28. Retrieved 2009-05-02.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2009-05-08. Retrieved 2009-05-02.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link), accessed May 2, 2009
  10. Sacred Apostolic Penitentiary, Enchiridion Indulgentiarum, 2nd ed., 1968
  11. Kaye, Nicholas. "Duruflé, Maurice." Grove Music Online. Oxford Music Online. Oxford University Press, accessed June 29, 2015, http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/article/grove/music/08407.
  12. http://www.pierceturner.com/tantum-ergo/
  13. Siniculus. "Filipino hymn to the Most Blessed Sacrament". Dei Præsidio Fultus (in English, Spanish, and Latin). Archived from the original (Blog) on 24 September 2016. Retrieved 3 October 2016. The Tantum Ergo Sacramentum that is used in the Philippines is of Spanish origin. In old prayer books that were used in the Philippines prior to the advent of hand missals, and in old hymn books, the composer is usually credited as J. Carreras.... It is usually sung either in quadruple time, which apparently is the case in Luzon, or first in quadruple time and then in triple time, which is the case in the Visayas. None of these is in agreement with the original published time signature, which is 3/4 all throughout.
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