Platyzoa

The paraphyletic "Platyzoa" /ˌplætɪˈzoʊ.ə/ are a group of protostome unsegmented animals proposed by Thomas Cavalier-Smith in 1998. Cavalier-Smith included in Platyzoa the phylum Platyhelminthes (or flatworms), and a new phylum, the Acanthognatha, into which he gathered several previously described phyla of microscopic animals. More recently it has been described as paraphyletic, containing the Rouphozoa and the Gnathifera.

Platyzoa
Pseudobiceros bedfordi (Bedford's Flatworm)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa
Clade: ParaHoxozoa
Clade: Bilateria
Clade: Nephrozoa
(unranked): Protostomia
(unranked): Spiralia
(unranked): Platyzoa
Cavalier-Smith, 1998
Phyla

Phyla

One scheme placed the following phyla in Platyzoa:

Characteristics

None of the Platyzoa groups have a respiration or circulation system because of their small size, flat body or parasitic lifestyle. The Platyhelminthes and Gastrotricha are acoelomate. The other phyla have a pseudocoel, and share characteristics such as the structure of their jaws and pharynx, although these have been secondarily lost in the parasitic Acanthocephala. They form a monophyletic subgroup called the Gnathifera.

The name "Platyzoa" is used because most members are flat, though rotifers are not.[3]

Classification

The Platyzoa are close relatives of the Lophotrochozoa. Together the two make up the Spiralia.

Spiralia
 

Gnathifera

 
Platytrochozoa
 
Rouphozoa
 

Gastrotricha

 
 

Platyhelminthes

 
 
 

Mesozoa

 
 
 

Lophotrochozoa

 
 
 

Syndermata was a proposed clade that included Acanthocephala and rotifers, but as it appears they are not sister groups after all, the clade has been abandoned.[4]

A recent possible cladogram is shown which would show that the Lophotrochozoa emerged within Platyzoa as a sister group of the Rouphozoa (the Gastrotricha and Platyhelminthes).[1] The Lophotrochozoa and Rouphozoa are then named the Platytrochozoa.[1] This makes the Platyzoa a paraphyletic group.

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References
  1. Struck, Torsten H.; Wey-Fabrizius, Alexandra R.; Golombek, Anja; Hering, Lars; Weigert, Anne; Bleidorn, Christoph; Klebow, Sabrina; Iakovenko, Nataliia; Hausdorf, Bernhard (2014-07-01). "Platyzoan Paraphyly Based on Phylogenomic Data Supports a Noncoelomate Ancestry of Spiralia". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 31 (7): 1833–1849. doi:10.1093/molbev/msu143. ISSN 0737-4038. PMID 24748651.
  2. Sørensen, Martin (14 December 2005). "Limnognathia". Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen. Archived from the original on 24 December 2018. Retrieved 28 December 2016.
  3. "Explanations.html". Archived from the original on 2013-02-07. Retrieved 2009-06-28.
  4. Gnathifera - Richard C. Brusca
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