Outline of computer programming

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to computer programming:

Computer programming – process that leads from an original formulation of a computing problem to executable computer programs. Programming involves activities such as analysis, developing understanding, generating algorithms, verification of requirements of algorithms including their correctness and resources consumption, and implementation (commonly referred to as coding[1][2]) of algorithms in a target programming language. Source code is written in one or more programming languages. The purpose of programming is to find a sequence of instructions that will automate performing a specific task or solving a given problem.

History

Platforms

Computer
Computer hardware
- Analog computer
  - Analytical Engine
- Digital computer
  - Vacuum tube computer
    - List of vacuum tube computers
  - Transistor computer
    - List of transistorized computers
  - Mainframe
  - Minicomputer
  - Microcomputer
    - Home computers
    - IBM PC compatible
    - Personal computer
      - Desktop computer
      - Laptop computer
  - Mobile computer
    - Personal digital assistant (PDA)
    - Smartphone
    - Tablet computer
    - Wearable computer
  - Server
  - Supercomputer
Virtual machine
- Hardware virtualization
- Runtime system

Paradigms

Agent-oriented
Aspect-oriented
Automata-based
Data-driven
Declarative (as opposed to imperative programming)
- Constraint
  - Constraint logic
    - Concurrent constraint logic
- Dataflow
  - Flow-based (FBP)
  - Reactive
- Functional
  - Functional logic
  - Purely functional
- Logic
Event-driven
- Time-driven
Expression-oriented
Feature-oriented
Function-level (as opposed to value-level programming)
Generic
Imperative (as opposed to declarative programming)
- Literate
- Procedural
Inductive programming
Language-oriented (LOP)
- Natural language programming
- Intentional
Non-structured (as opposed to Structured)
- Array
Nondeterministic
Process-oriented
Role-oriented
Semantic-oriented (SOP)
Structured (as opposed to non-structured programming)
- Block-structured
- Modular
  - Concurrent computing
    - Relativistic programming
- Object-oriented (OOP)
Tacit
Value-level (as opposed to function-level programming)
Probabilistic
Concept

Writing programs

Pseudocode

Methodology

Array programming
End-user development
Metaprogramming
- Automatic programming
- Reflection
  - Attribute-oriented programming (AOP)
- Homoiconicity
- Template metaprogramming
  - Policy-based design
- Service-oriented architecture
  - Service-oriented modeling
Recursion
Separation of concerns
Threaded coding

Algorithms

Programming languages

Programming language – formal constructed language designed to communicate instructions to a machine, particularly a computer. Programming languages can be used to create programs to control the behavior of a machine or to express algorithms.

Generational list of programming languages
List of programming languages by type
Alphabetical list of programming languages
- Compiled language
- Interpreted language
  - Scripting language
Comparison of programming languages
Programming language dialect
Programming language theory
- Formal semantics of programming languages
Assembly language
Macro

Types of programming languages

Popular languages

The top 20 most popular programming languages as of March 2016:[3]

Anatomy of a programming language

Syntax
- Lexical grammar
- Semicolons
Values
Types
Operators
Program structures
- Variables
- Expressions
- Statements
- Keywords and reserved words
- Control structures
  - Subroutines (also known as functions)
    - Anonymous functions
  - Loops
    - For loops
    - While loops
  - Conditionals
Control flow
Data structures
- Objects
- Arrays
Regular expressions

Comparisons of programming languages

Programming language comparisons

Comparisons of individual languages

Compilation

Programmer
Source code
- Parsing
Compilation
- Preprocessing
- Translation
  - Assembly
- Linking
- Compiler optimization
- Compilation error

Software

Computer program
- Hello world (a common form of example program for learning programmers)
Application software
- Software suite
- Database management system
Programming software
- Programming tool
  - Text editor
    - Source code editor
      - Integrated development environment (IDE)
  - Assembler
  - Compiler
  - Interpreter
  - Linker
  - Debugger
System software

Components

Software development

Software development
- Software development process
  - Debugging
    - Human error
- Software development methodology
  - Agile software development
  - Extreme programming

Software engineering

Software engineering –

gollark: But why? Why would he try and scrub all trace of this version?

gollark: How mysterious.

gollark: (allegedly supposedly)

gollark: ก็็็

gollark: A ัิี ัิี ัิี ัิี ัิี ัิี ัิี ัิี ัิี ัิี ัิี ัิี ัิี ัิี ัิี ัิี ัิี ัิี ัิี ัิี ัิี ัิี ัิี ัิี ัิี ัิี ัิี ัิี ัิี ัิี ัิี

References

Shaun Bebbington (2014). "What is coding". Retrieved 2014-03-03.
Shaun Bebbington (2014). "What is programming". Retrieved 2014-03-03.
"Tiobe Index". TIOBE Software. Retrieved 23 March 2016.

External links

How to Think Like a Computer Scientist - by Jeffrey Elkner, Allen B. Downey and Chris Meyers

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[1] Shaun Bebbington (2014). "What is coding". Retrieved 2014-03-03.

[2] Shaun Bebbington (2014). "What is programming". Retrieved 2014-03-03.

[3] "Tiobe Index". TIOBE Software. Retrieved 23 March 2016.