List of transistorized computers

This is a list of transistorized computers, which were digital computers that used discrete transistors as their primary logic elements. Discrete transistors were a feature of logic design for computers from about 1960, when reliable transistors became economically available, until monolithic integrated circuits displaced them in the 1970s. The list is organized by operational date or delivery year to customers. Computers announced, but never completed, are not included. Some very early "transistor" computers may still have included vacuum tubes in the power supply or for auxiliary functions.

Main article: Transistor computer

TRADIC

1950s

Harwell CADET

1953

• University of Manchester Transistor Computer 1953 (prototype) 1955 (full scale) experimental

1954

• Bell Labs TRADIC for U.S. Air Force

1955

• Harwell CADET demonstrated February 1955, one-off scientific computer

1956

• Electrotechnical Laboratory ETL Mark III (Japan) experimental, began development 1954, completed 1956,[1] Japan's first transistorized stored-program computer[2][3][4]
• MIT TX-0
• Metrovick 950

1957

• Burroughs SM-65 Atlas ICBM Guidance Computer MOD1, AN/GSQ-33 (no relation to Manchester ATLAS)
• Ramo-Wooldridge (TRW) RW-30 airborne computer[5][6]
• Univac TRANSTEC,[7] for US Navy
• Univac ATHENA, US Air Force missile guidance (ground control)
• IBM 608 transistor calculator (its development was preceded by the prototyping of an experimental all-transistor version of the 604 demonstrated in October 1954), announced 1955, first shipped Dec 1957

1958

Philco 2000

• Electrologica X1
• TX-2
• UNIVAC Solid State ("mostly" solid state)
• Philco Transac S-1000 scientific computer- Navy/NSA SOLO, one-off for NSA
• Philco Transac S-2000 electronic data processing computer[8]
• Mailüfterl
• RCA 501 intended as a commercial system but used in military applications
• Siemens System 2002[9][10] - Prototype in operation since 1956, first machine was put in operation in 1958.[11]

NCR 304

1959

IBM 1401

• NCR 304, announced in 1957, first delivery in 1959
• Olivetti Elea 9003
• MOBIDIC
• IBM 7090
• IBM 1401
• IBM 1620 Model I and successors IBM 1620 Model II
• NEAC 2201 (NEC)
• EMIDEC 1100
• TRW RW-300[12]
• PDP-1
• Standard Elektrik Lorenz SEL ER 56[13][14][15]

1960s

UNIVAC LARC

1960

• AEI 1010[16]
• Honeywell 200
• Honeywell 800 first installation 1960
• UNIVAC LARC
• CDC 1604
• CDC 160A
• Datasaab D2
• DRTE Computer experimental
• Elliott 803
• AN/FSQ-32 (IBM 4020)
• AN/FSQ-31V
• IBM 7070
• Japan Electrotechnical Laboratory ETL Mark 5,
• Mitsubishi MELCOM 3409
• Clary DE-60
• Monroe Calculating Machine Mark XI (or "Monrobot XI")
• Packard Bell Corporation PB 250[17][18][19] (PB250; no relation to the modern brand of personal computers) used, among others, as the controller for hybrid digital/analog system TRICE[20][21] and HYCOMP 250,[22] and as the control computer for mobile data systems[23]

1961

IBM 7030

• Plessey xL4
• MANIAC III
• CAB500
• LEO III
• English Electric KDP10
• Bendix G-20
• NEC NEAC 2205
• Fujitsu FACOM 222
• GE-200 series
  • GE-225 1961
  • GE-215 1963
  • GE-205,235 1964
• GE Datanet 30
• IBM 7030 Stretch
• Zuse Z23
• IBM 7080
• IBM 1710
• Matsushita MADIC IIA
• TRW-130 aka AN/UYK-1[24] for Transit submarine navigation satellite receivers
• Regnecentralen GIER[25][26]

1962

ICT 1301

• Philco 212
• Atlas Computer (Manchester)
• ASC-15
• ICT 1301
• ILLIAC II
• UNIVAC 1107
• IBM 7094
• Autonetics D-17B
• Royal Radar Establishment Automatic Computer
• Telefunken TR4
• RW-400 aka AN/FSQ-27 by TRW[27][28][29][30]
• SDS 910
• SDS 920
• Odra 1002
• Ferranti Argus - first delivery in 1962, renamed to Argus 200 in 1963
• Librascope L-2010

1963

CDC 3800

PDP-6

• Librascope LGP-21
• IBM 7040 and IBM 7044
• CDC 3000 series, 5 models (1963-1967)
• Elliott 503
• Ferranti-Packard 6000
• Ferranti Argus 100
• UNIVAC 418
• SDS 9300
• BESM 3M, 4 circa 1963
• Siemens 3003[31]
• IBM Saturn Launch Vehicle Computer (Hybrid, Aug 1963)

1964

SDS 930

• IBM 7094 II
• GE-400 series
• English Electric KDF8
• English Electric KDF9
• SDS 925
• SDS 930
• CDC 6600
• Titan (1963 computer) (Atlas 2)
• Bunker-Ramo BR-133[32] aka AN/UYK-3[33]
• UMC-10
• PDP-6

1965

NCR 315

• GE-600 series (some integrated circuits)
• NCR 315-RMC
• PDP-8 & 8S (1965 & 1966)[34]
• IBM System/360 family, 14 models (1965-1971). Used IBM SLT[35] hybrid circuits.
• IBM 1130 IBM's least-expensive computer at that time, also used used hybrid circuits (IBM SLT)[35]
• IBM M44/44X
• SDS 940
• TRASK, transistor version of BESK
• Model 109-B
• Ural computer family, 3 models (1965-1969)[36][37][38]
• Fabri-Tek BI-TRAN SIX Computer Educational System[39][40][41][42][43]
• Computer Control DDP-116 & 124
• Marconi Myriad I. Hybrid using Ferranti Minicor I hybrid DTL

1966

CDC 6400

• CDC 6400 (Jun 1966)

1967

• CER-22
• D4a built in 1963 by Joachim Lehmann at the TU Dresden in about 10 exemplars.[NB 1] After modifications produced from 1967 as Cellatron 8201.[NB 2][44][45][46][47][48]

1968

• PDP-10 (first model only - later versions used ICs)
• SDS 945
• BESM-6 (first model only - later versions used ICs)
• Moscow Power Engineering Institute M-54[49]
• Digico Micro 16

1969

• CDC 6700
• CDC 7600
• GE 105
• GE-615
• UNIVAC 1106
• Univac 400
• PDP-12

See also

• List of vacuum tube computers

Notes

1. Used for training and research purposes.
2. Revised in 1969 as Cellatron 8205.

References

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4. Early Computers: Brief History, Information Processing Society of Japan
5. Grabbe, E. M. (February 7, 1957), "The Ramo- Wooldridge Corporation" (PDF), SOME RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN DIGITAL CONTROL SYSTEMS, Instrumentation and Control in the Process Industries Conference, Chicago, p. 5
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7. Boslaugh, David L. (2003). When Computers Went to Sea: The Digitization of the United States Navy. John Wiley & Sons. p. 113. ISBN 9780471472209.
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9. "READERS' AND EDITOR'S FORUM: The Siemens 2002, MAJER-TRENDEL" (PDF). Computers and Automation. 10 (3): 21. Mar 1961.
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12. Weik, Martin H. (March 1961). "RW-300". A Third Survey of Domestic Electronic Digital Computing Systems. Ballistic Research Laboratories Report No. 1115.
13. AUERBACH CORP PHILADELPHIA PA (Jan 1961). "EUROPEAN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY. A REPORT ON THE INDUSTRY AND THE STATE OF THE ART" (PDF): 346. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
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17. Beck, Robert Mark (30 December 1960). PB-250 - A High Speed Serial General Purpose Computer Using Magnetostrictive Delay Line Storage. 1960 Fall Joint Computer Conference. p. 284. doi:10.1109/afips.1960.58. The first production computer was delivered in October 1960.
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20. "Programming manual for TRICE and other material on DDA's 2nd edition | 102664334 | Computer History Museum". www.computerhistory.org.
21. Weik, Martin H. (March 1961). "TRICE". A Third Survey of Domestic Electronic Digital Computing Systems. Ballistic Research Laboratories Report No. 1115.
22. "Packard Bell Computer | Selling the Computer Revolution | Computer History Museum". www.computerhistory.org.
23. "ACROSS THE EDITOR'S DESK: New Firms, Divisions, and Mergers - ON-CALL DATA VANS FOR HIRE" (PDF). Computers and Automation. XI (7): 28. Jul 1962.
24. "AN/UYK-1 - A "Stored Logic" Multiple Purpose Computer" (PDF). Ramo-Woolridge. 1961-04-21. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-09-30. Retrieved 2011-10-19.
25. "GIER computer specifications". datamuseum.dk.
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27. Weik, Martin H. (March 1961). "RW 400". A Third Survey of Domestic Electronic Digital Computing Systems. Ballistic Research Laboratories Report No. 1115.
28. Helfinstein, Bert (1961-02-01). "Programming Manual AN/FSQ-27 (RW-400)" (PDF) (second ed.). Ramo-Woolridge.
29. "RW-400 Notes" (PDF).
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32. trw :: BR-133 Brochure May64. May 1964.
33. "AN/UYK-3 General Purpose Computer".
34. Jones, Douglas W. "The PDP-8". THE UNIVERSITY OF IOWA Department of Computer Science. Retrieved May 30, 2018.
35. Davis, E.M.; et al. (April 1964). "Solid Logic Technology: Versatile, High-Performance Microelectronics". IBM Journal of Research and Development. 8 (2): 102–114. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.87.4832. doi:10.1147/rd.82.0102. A new microelectronics technique called Solid Logic Technology, or SLT, is utilized in the new family of IBM/360 computers. This new technology provides a hybrid, integrated circuit module which combines discrete, glass-encapsulated silicon transistors and diodes with stencil-screened land patterns and precision passive components.
36. "Electronic Digital Computer Ural-11 (Урал-11)".
37. "Electronic Digital Computer Ural-14 (Урал-14)".
38. "Electronic Digital Computer Ural-16 (Урал-16)".
39. "BI-TRAN SIX ad". Computers and Automation. Mar 1965.
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