Osteopoikilosis

Osteopoikilosis is a benign, autosomal dominant sclerosing dysplasia of bone characterized by the presence of numerous bone islands in the skeleton.[1]

Osteopoikilosis
Osteopoikilosis on an X-ray of the hands
SpecialtyMedical genetics 

Presentation

The radiographic appearance of osteopoikilosis on an X-ray is characterized by a pattern of numerous white densities of similar size spread throughout all the bones. This is a systemic condition. It must be differentiated from blastic metastasis, which can also present radiographically as white densities interspersed throughout bone. Blastic metastasis tends to present with larger and more irregular densities in less of a uniform pattern. Another differentiating factor is age, with blastic metastasis mostly affecting older people, and osteopoikilosis being found in people 20 years of age and younger.

The distribution is variable, though it does not tend to affect the ribs, spine, or skull.[2]

Epidemiology

Men and women are affected in equal number,[3] reflecting the fact that osteopoikilosis attacks indiscriminately. Additionally, the disease is often associated with melorheostosis,[4] despite the apparent lack of correlation between melorheostosis and genetic heritability. It has been tied to LEMD3.[5] Buschke–Ollendorff syndrome is a similar condition,[6] which is also associated with LEMD3.[7]

  • Osteopoikilosis of the hips on CT.
  • Osteopoikilosis
  • Normal bone scan in a person with osteopoikilosis
gollark: I mean, what do you expect to happen if you do something unsupported and which creates increasingly large problems each time you do it?
gollark: <@151391317740486657> Do you know what "unsupported" means? PotatOS is not designed to be used this way.
gollark: Specifically, 22 bytes for the private key and 21 for the public key on ccecc.py and 25 and 32 on the actual ingame one.
gollark: <@!206233133228490752> Sorry to bother you, but keypairs generated by `ccecc.py` and the ECC library in use in potatOS appear to have different-length private and public keys, which is a problem.EDIT: okay, apparently it's because I've been accidentally using a *different* ECC thing from SMT or something, and it has these parameters instead:```---- Elliptic Curve Arithmetic---- About the Curve Itself-- Field Size: 192 bits-- Field Modulus (p): 65533 * 2^176 + 3-- Equation: x^2 + y^2 = 1 + 108 * x^2 * y^2-- Parameters: Edwards Curve with c = 1, and d = 108-- Curve Order (n): 4 * 1569203598118192102418711808268118358122924911136798015831-- Cofactor (h): 4-- Generator Order (q): 1569203598118192102418711808268118358122924911136798015831---- About the Curve's Security-- Current best attack security: 94.822 bits (Pollard's Rho)-- Rho Security: log2(0.884 * sqrt(q)) = 94.822-- Transfer Security? Yes: p ~= q; k > 20-- Field Discriminant Security? Yes: t = 67602300638727286331433024168; s = 2^2; |D| = 5134296629560551493299993292204775496868940529592107064435 > 2^100-- Rigidity? A little, the parameters are somewhat small.-- XZ/YZ Ladder Security? No: Single coordinate ladders are insecure, so they can't be used.-- Small Subgroup Security? Yes: Secret keys are calculated modulo 4q.-- Invalid Curve Security? Yes: Any point to be multiplied is checked beforehand.-- Invalid Curve Twist Security? No: The curve is not protected against single coordinate ladder attacks, so don't use them.-- Completeness? Yes: The curve is an Edwards Curve with non-square d and square a, so the curve is complete.-- Indistinguishability? No: The curve does not support indistinguishability maps.```so I might just have to ship *two* versions to keep compatibility with old signatures.
gollark: > 2. precompilation to lua bytecode and compressionThis was considered, but the furthest I went was having some programs compressed on disk.

See also

References
  1. Bull M, Calderbank P, Ramachandran N (2007). "A cause for concern? Osteopoikilosis found incidentally in the emergency department: a case report". Emerg Med J. 24 (5): e29. doi:10.1136/emj.2006.045765. PMC 2658513. PMID 17452689.
  2. Balan, Nisha Sharma, Anu (2008). Get through FRCR part 2B : rapid reporting of plain radiographs. London: Royal Society of Medicine. ISBN 978-1853157547.
  3. Serdaroğlu M, Capkin E, Uçüncü F, Tosun M (2007). "Case report of a patient with osteopoikilosis". Rheumatol. Int. 27 (7): 683–6. doi:10.1007/s00296-006-0262-9. PMID 17106662.
  4. Nevin NC, Thomas PS, Davis RI, Cowie GH (1999). "Melorheostosis in a family with autosomal dominant osteopoikilosis". Am. J. Med. Genet. 82 (5): 409–14. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19990219)82:5<409::AID-AJMG10>3.0.CO;2-2. PMID 10069713.
  5. Hellemans J, Preobrazhenska O, Willaert A, et al. (2004). "Loss-of-function mutations in LEMD3 result in osteopoikilosis, Buschke–Ollendorff syndrome and melorheostosis". Nat. Genet. 36 (11): 1213–8. doi:10.1038/ng1453. PMID 15489854.
  6. synd/1803 at Who Named It?
  7. Mumm S, Wenkert D, Zhang X, McAlister WH, Mier RJ, Whyte MP (2007). "Deactivating germline mutations in LEMD3 cause osteopoikilosis and Buschke–Ollendorff syndrome, but not sporadic melorheostosis". J. Bone Miner. Res. 22 (2): 243–50. doi:10.1359/jbmr.061102. PMID 17087626.
Classification
External resources
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