Neohelos

Neohelos is an extinct diprotodontid marsupial, that lived from the early to middle-Miocene. There are four species assigned to this genus, Neohelos tirarensis, the type species, N. stirtoni, N. solus and N. davidridei. N. davidridei is the most derived species of the genus, and its premolar morphology shows that it is structurally and ancestor of the genus Kolopsis. All four species are from the Bullock Creek in the Northern Territory and Riversleigh of Australia.

Neohelos
Temporal range: Miocene, 23–12 Ma
Skull of Neohelos stirtoni at the Melbourne Museum
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Infraclass: Marsupialia
Order: Diprotodontia
Family: †Diprotodontidae
Subfamily: †Zygomaturinae
Genus: †Neohelos
Stirton, 1967
Type species
Neohelos tirarensis
Stirton, 1967
Species

N. tirarensis Stirton, 1967
N. stirtoni Murray et al., 2000
N. solus Black et al., 2013
N. davidridei Black et al., 2013

Description

Neohelos is known from many specimens, assigned to all the species. N. tirarensis includes a partial skull, premaxillas, maxillas, teeth, and dentarys; N. solus is known from a maxilla and dentary; N. davidridei includes teeth and a maxilla fragment; and N. stirtoni is known from a mostly complete skull, a maxilla and a dentary.[1]

Distinguishing characteristics

A revision of Neohelos found a set of features in all the species that are absent in all other diprotodontoids. They are listed below:[1]

  • four−cusped P3 with a tall, subcentral parametacone, a distinct anterior parastyle, a moderately developed protocone and a small to moderate (sometimes absent) hypocone;
  • tendency to develop a mesostyle on P3;
  • M1 with well−developed stylar cusp A, stylar cusp E and postmetacrista;
  • M1 with a square occlusal outline (except N. solus);
  • large interproximal contact between P3 and M1;
  • broad, lanceolate i1 with a ventrobuccal groove and longitudinal lingual crest;
  • and moderate epitympanic fenestra in the postglenoid cavity.

Classification
N. solus holotype

Neohelos includes many species. Among them, N. davidridei is the most derived. N. davidridei shows many features that are also found in Kolopsis, and is thought to be the ancestor of it and its species. Together, Neohelos and Kolopsis make up Zygomaturinae along with Zygomaturus and other genera.[1]

Paleoecology

Neohelos lived in the early to Middle Miocene of Queensland, Australia. It is one of few diprotodont genera that existed in Bullock Creek in both Riversleigh and Northern Territory, in the Wipajiri Formation.[1]

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References
  1. Black, K.H.; Archer, M.; Hand, S.J.; Godthelp, H. (2013). "Revision in the diprotodontid marsupial genus Neohelos: Systematics and biostratigraphy" (PDF). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 58 (4): 679–706. doi:10.4202/app.2012.0001.
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