Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics

Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics or NUTS (French: Nomenclature des unités territoriales statistiques) is a geocode standard for referencing the subdivisions of countries for statistical purposes.[1][2][3][4][5][6] The standard, adopted in 2003,[7] is developed and regulated by the European Union, and thus only covers the member states of the EU in detail. The Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics is instrumental in the European Union's Structural Funds and Cohesion Fund delivery mechanisms and for locating the area where goods and services subject to European public procurement legislation are to be delivered.

For each EU member country, a hierarchy of three NUTS levels is established by Eurostat in agreement with each member state; the subdivisions in some levels do not necessarily correspond to administrative divisions within the country. A NUTS code begins with a two-letter code referencing the country, as abbreviated in the European Union's Interinstitutional Style Guide.[8] The subdivision of the country is then referred to with one number. A second or third subdivision level is referred to with another number each. Each numbering starts with 1, as 0 is used for the upper level. Where the subdivision has more than nine entities, capital letters are used to continue the numbering. Below the three NUTS levels are local administrative units (LAUs). A similar statistical system is defined for the candidate countries and members of the European Free Trade Association, but they are not part of NUTS governed by the regulations.

The current NUTS classification, dated 21 November 2016 and effective from 1 January 2018 (now updated to current members as of 2020), lists 92 regions at NUTS 1, 244 regions at NUTS 2, 1215 regions at NUTS 3 level, and 99,387 local administrative units (LAUs).[9][10]

National structures

Not all countries have every level of division, depending on their size. For example, Luxembourg and Cyprus only have LAUs; the three NUTS divisions each correspond to the entire country itself.

Member states
Countries NUTS 1 NUTS 2 NUTS 3 LAU
Member State 27 92 244 1215 99387
Austria AT Groups of states 3 States 9 Groups of districts 35 Municipalities (Gemeinden) 2098
Belgium BE Regions 3 Provinces (+ Brussels) 11 Arrondissements (Verviers split into two) 44 Municipalities (gemeenten / communes) 589
Bulgaria BG Regions 2 Planning regions 6 Oblasts 28 Municipalities (общини, obshtini) 265
Croatia HR — 1 Regions 2 Counties (županije) + Zagreb 21 Municipalities (općine) 556
Cyprus CY — 1 — 1 — 1 Municipalities, communities (δήμοι, κοινότητες, dimoi, koinotites) 615
Czech Republic CZ — 1 Statistical areas 8 Administrative regions 14 Municipalities (obce) 6258
Denmark DK — 1 Regions (Regioner) 5 Provinces (Landsdele) 11 Municipalities (kommuner) 99
Estonia EE — 1 — 1 Groups of counties 5 Municipalities (Vald, linn) 79
Finland FI Mainland Finland, Åland 2 Large areas (Suuralueet / Storområden) 5 Regions (Maakunnat / Landskap) 19 Municipalities (kunnat / kommuner) 311
France FR Z.E.A.T. + DOM 9 Regions + DOM 27 Departments + DOM 101 Communes 35358
Germany DE States (Bundesland) 16 Government regions (Regierungbezirk) (or equivalent) 39 Districts (Kreis) 429 Municipalities (Gemeinden) 11130
Greece EL Groups of development regions 4 Regions 13 Prefectures 51 Municipal districts/Community districts
(δημοτικό διαμέρισμα, κοινότικο διαμέρισμα, demotiko diamerisma, koinotiko diamerisma)		 6133
Hungary HU Statistical large regions (statisztikai nagyrégiók) 3 Planning and statistical regions (tervezési-statisztikai régió) 8 Counties (megye) + Budapest 20 Settlements (települések) 3155
Ireland IE — 1 Regional Assemblies 3 Regional Authorities 8 Electoral divisions (toghroinn ceantair) 3440
Italy IT Groups of regions 5 Regions (Trentino-Alto Adige split into two) 21 Provinces 110 Municipalities (comuni, municipi) 7960
Lithuania LT — 1 Vidurio ir vakarų Lietuvos regionas, Sostinės regionas 2 Counties 10 Municipalities (savivaldybės) 60
Luxembourg LU — 1 — 1 — 1 Communes (French: communes, German: Gemeinden, Luxembourgish: Gemengen) 102
Latvia LV — 1 — 1 Statistical regions 6 Districts, republic cities (Republikas pilsētas, novadi) 119
Malta MT — 1 — 1 Islands 2 Local councils (kunsilli) 68
Netherlands NL Groups of provinces 4 Provinces 12 COROP regions 40 Municipalities (gemeenten) 355
Poland PL Makroregiony 7 Regiony 17 Podregiony 73 Municipalities (gminy) 2478
Portugal PT Continent + Azores + Madeira 3 Coordination and development regions + autonomous regions 7 Groups of municipalities 25 Parishes (freguesias) 3400
Romania RO Macroregions 4 Regions 8 Counties + Bucharest 42 Communes + Municipalities + Cities (comune + municipii + orașe) 3181
Spain ES Groups of autonomous communities 7 17 Autonomous communities and 2 autonomous cities 19 Provinces + Islands + Ceuta and Melilla 59 Municipalities (municipios) 8124
Sweden SE Regions (Grupper av riksområden) 3 National Areas (Riksområde) 8 Counties (Län) 21 Municipalities (kommuner) 290
Slovenia SI — 1 Macroregions 2 Statistical regions 12 Municipalities (občine) 212
Slovakia SK — 1 Oblasts 4 Regions (Kraje) 8 Municipalities (obce) 2926

Candidate countries
Country NUTS 1 NUTS 2 NUTS 3 LAU 1 LAU 2
Candidate countries 5 15 31 102 1028 41080
Albania AL — 1 Regions (non-administrative) 3 Counties 12 – – Municipalities (Komunë) / Communes (Bashki / Komunë) 373
Montenegro ME — 1 — 1 — 1 Municipalities (општини, opštini) 21 Settlements (Насеља, naselja) 1256
North Macedonia MK — 1 — 1 Statistical regions 8 Municipalities (општини, opštini) 84 Settlements (Населени места, naseleni mesta) 1776
Serbia RS Groups of regions 2 Regions 5 Districts 29 Municipalities 174 Settlements (Насељена места, naseljena mesta) 6155
Turkey TR Regions 12 Sub-regions 26 Provinces 81 Districts (ilçeler) 923 Municipalities (belediye) 37675

EFTA countries
Country NUTS 1 NUTS 2 NUTS 3 LAU 1 LAU 2
EFTA countries 4 16 48 46 265 3242
Switzerland CH — 1 Regions 7 Cantons 26 Districts (German: Bezirke, Ämter and Amtsbezirke; French: districts; Italian: distretti; Romansh: districts 166 Municipalities (German: Gemeinden, Einwohnergemeinden and politische Gemeinden; French: communes; Italian: comuni; Romansh: vischnancas) 2721
Iceland IS — 1 — 1 Capital Region / Rest of country 2 Regions (landshlutar) 8 Municipalities (sveitarfélag) 79
Liechtenstein LI — 1 — 1 — 1 Electoral districts (Landschaften) 2 Municipalities (Gemeinden) 11
Norway NO — 1 Regions 7 Counties (Fylke) 19 Economic regions (Økonomiske regioner) 89 Municipalities (kommuner) 431

Former EU state
Country NUTS 1 NUTS 2 NUTS 3 LAU
United Kingdom UK Regions of England 9 Sub-Regions ≍

i: ∪ of counties; or
ii: individual counties; or
iii: ∪ of districts in Greater London. [∪=union]

 30 Upper tier authorities and groups of unitary authorities and districts 93 Districts or unitary authorities 326
Wales 1 Groups of Principal Areas 2 Groups of Principal Areas 12 Principal Areas 22
Scotland 1 Groups of Council and/or Island Areas 4 Groups of Council Areas or Islands Areas 23 Council areas, subdivided by LEC where applicable 41
Northern Ireland 1 — 1 Groups of districts 5 Districts 11

Maps
NUTS 1 in Europe
NUTS 2 in Europe
NUTS 3 in Europe

Establishment

NUTS regions are generally based on existing national administrative subdivisions. In countries where only one or two regional subdivisions exist, or where the population of existing subdivisions is too small or too large, a second and/or third level is created. This may be on the first level (ex. France, Italy, Greece, and Spain), on the second (ex. Germany) and/or third level (ex. Belgium).[11] In countries with small populations, where the entire country would be placed on the NUTS 2 or even NUTS 3 level (ex. Luxembourg, Cyprus), the regions at levels 1, 2 and 3 are identical to each other (and also to the entire country), but are coded with the appropriate length codes levels 1, 2 and 3.

The NUTS system favors existing administrative units, with one or more assigned to each NUTS level. Specific guidelines are based in population, leaving little or no role for other types of variables such as area, distance, topography, levels of jurisdiction or history, which can only be considered in (unspecified) types of special cases.[12] From the NUTS Regulation, the average population size of the regions in the respective level shall lie within the following thresholds:

LevelMinimumMaximum
NUTS 1 3 million 7 million
NUTS 2 800,000 3 million
NUTS 3 150,000 800,000

For non-administrative units, deviations from these population marks exist for particular geographical, socio-economic, historical, cultural or environmental circumstances, especially for islands and outermost regions.

Examples
gollark: I mean, yes, technically against the rules, but they should at least add exemptions for people trying to help.
gollark: I can't believe the madness.
gollark: Yep, they'll see "wow, they really want hatchlings" and give me eggs, because everyone loves eggs.
gollark: I'm using the Inverse Wants Principle.
gollark: No, I mostly wanted eggs.

See also

References
  1. "NUTS – Nomenclature of territorial units for statistics". Ec.europa.eu. Retrieved 18 December 2016.
  2. "Statistics Explained". ec.europa.eu. Archived from the original on 19 February 2010.
  3. "Regulation (EC) No 176/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 February 2008". Eur-lex.europa.eu. Retrieved 24 March 2013.
  4. "Regulation (EC) No 1888/2005 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 October 2005". Eur-lex.europa.eu. Retrieved 24 March 2013.
  5. "Commission Regulation (EC) No 105/2007 of 1 February 2007". Eur-lex.europa.eu. Retrieved 24 March 2013.
  6. "Regulation (EC) No 1059/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 May 2003". Eur-lex.europa.eu. Retrieved 24 March 2013.
  7. "History of NUTS - Eurostat". ec.europa.eu.
  8. "Annex A6 Country and territory codes". publications.europa.eu. 1 February 2020. Retrieved 20 March 2020.
  9. "Background - Eurostat". ec.europa.eu.
  10. Commission Regulation (EU) 2016/2066 amending the annexes to Regulation (EC) 1059/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the establishment of a common classification of territorial units for statistics (NUTS)
  11. "Europa – Eurostat – Regions – Basic principles of the NUTS". Ec.europa.eu. Retrieved 24 March 2013.
  12. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/regions-and-cities/overview>
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