Muhammad al-Jazuli

Abū 'Abdullah Muḥammad ibn Sulaymān ibn Abū Bakr al-Jazūli al-Simlālī (Arabic:ابو عبدالله محمد ابن سليمان ابن ابوبكر الجزولي السّملالي الحسني) (died 1465), often known as Imam al-Jazuli or Sheikh Jazuli, was a Moroccan Sufi leader of the Berber tribe of the Jazulah. He is best known for compiling the Dala'il al-Khayrat, an extremely popular Muslim prayer book. This book is usually divided into 7 sections for each day of the week.[1] Al-Jazuli is one of the seven saints of Marrakesh and is buried in his mausoleum inside the city.

"al-Jazuli" redirects here. For the Moroccan philologist, see Abu Musa al-Jazuli.

Imam Muhammad ibn Sulayman al-Jazuli al-Simlali
Copy of Dala'il al-Khayrat at the Chester Beatty Library
Title	Imam, Sheikh
Personal
Born	807 AH/ 1404 CE Sous area of Morocco
Died	870 AH/ 1465 CE Ribat Sidi Chiker, Safi Province
Resting place	Marrakesh
Religion	Islam
Nationality	Morocco
Ethnicity	Berber
Era	15th century
Region	The Maghreb
Denomination	Sunni
Jurisprudence	Maliki
Main interest(s)	Sufism
Notable work(s)	Dala'il al-Khayrat
Tariqa	Shadhilia
Muslim leader
Influenced by Abul Hasan ash-Shadhili
Influenced Yusuf an-Nabhani

Biography

Al-Jazuli lived in the historic Sous area of Morocco, situated between the Atlantic Ocean and the Atlas Mountains. He studied locally and then went to the Madrasat As-Saffarîn in Fez where his room is still pointed out to visitors today. In Fez he memorized works of usul al-fiqh and Maliki law, such as Ibn al-Hajib's Mukhtasr al-Far’i and Sahnun's Al-Mudawwana al-Kubra. He also met the famous jurist and mystic Ahmad Zarruq. After settling a tribal feud he left the area and spent the next forty years in Makkah, Medina and Jerusalem. After his long journey, he returned to Fez where he completed the prayer book Dala'il al-Khayrat.

He was initiated into the Shadhili Tariqa, a Sufi order, by a descendant of Abu Abdallah Mohammed Amghar, the sheikh of the Banu Amghar. He spent fourteen years in Khalwa (seclusion) and then went to Safi where he gathered around him many followers. The governor of Safi felt obliged to expel him and later poisoned him which led to his death in 1465. He is said to have died during prayer. His tomb in Afoughal became the center of the Saadi dynasty Saadian resistance against the Portuguese. His deep respect for al-Jazuli was the reason that Abu Abdallah al-Qaim chose Afoughal as his residence.

It is claimed that in 1541, seventy-seven years after his death, his body was exhumed to be transferred to Marrakesh and found to be uncorrupted. In the northern part of the Medina of Marrakesh the Saadi sultan Ahmad al-Araj (1517–1544) had a mausoleum built for al-Jazuli. The mausoleum was enlarged and partly rebuilt during the reign of the sultans Moulay Ismail and Mohammed Ben Abdallah.

See also

• Mohamed ben Issa, the son of one of his disciples who founded the Issawa order
• Qari Muhammad Muslehuddin Siddiqui
• Ahmad u Musa

References

1. Jazūlī, Muḥammad ibn Sulaymān; Efendi, Kayishzade Hafiz Osman Nuri (1877). "The Waymarks to Benefits". World Digital Library (in Arabic). Baʻlabakk, Al-Biqāʻ, Lebanon. Retrieved 30 June 2013.

2. Vincent J. Cornell, Realm of the Saint: Power and Authority in Moroccan Sufism (Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, 1998). The second half of this book is dedicated to Muḥammad ibn Sulaymān al-Jazūlī and the history and doctrines of al-Ṭā'ifa al-Jazūliyya through the end of the sixteenth century. It is the most extensive and up-to-date study of the Jazūliyya yet available in a Western language.

External links

• Mp3 Audio Recitation of Dala’il al-Khayrat and PDF translation and transliteration.
• Biography of Imam Sidi Mohammed b. Sulayman al-Jazouli
• The Story of Dala’il al-Khayrat (written by Sheikh Nuh Ha Mim Keller)