Morąg

Morąg ([ˈmɔrɔŋk]; German: Mohrungen, [ˈmoːʁʊŋən] (listen)) is a town in northern Poland in Ostróda County in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship.

Morąg
Town hall and marketplace
Flag
Coat of arms
Morąg
Morąg
Coordinates: 53°55′N 19°56′E
Country Poland
Voivodeship Warmian-Masurian
CountyOstróda
GminaMorąg
Established13th century
Town rights1327
Government
 • MayorTadeusz Zbigniew Sobierajski
Area
 • Total12.17 km2 (4.70 sq mi)
Population
 (2006)
 • Total14,497
 • Density1,200/km2 (3,100/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
14-300, 14-331
Area code(s)+48 89
Car platesNOS
Websitehttp://www.morag.pl

Geography

The town is situated in the western uplands of the historic Prussia region. Its centre is located about 60 km (37 mi) south of the Polish - Russian (Kaliningrad) border. The nearest city is Olsztyn in Warmia, 38 km (24 mi) to the southeast.

History

Middle Ages
Medieval town walls

In medieval times, an Old Prussian settlement existed at the site under the name of Mawrin, Maurin or Morin.[1] A new town was built on its place by the invading Teutonic Knights after they destroyed the original settlement in the late 13th century. Part of the Order's State, it was given the name Mohrungen after a nearby lake and in 1327 attained Kulm town law from the local commander (Komtur) Hermann von Oettingen. The first inhabitants of the town were emigrants from the southern Harz region in central Germany.

After the 1410 Battle of Grunwald the town was occupied by the united forces of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Poland until 1461. During the Polish–Teutonic Hunger War of 1414, Mohrungen incinerated completely. In 1440, the citizens joined the Prussian Confederation, and after the outbreak of the Thirteen Years' War in 1454, they sided with Poland.[2][3] At the request of the confederation King Casimir IV Jagiellon signed the act of incorporation of the region to the Kingdom of Poland and on June 11 1454 in Elbing (Elbląg), the town pledged allegiance to the Polish King.[2][3] The town fought against the Teutonic Order in the war from 1454 to 1466. Reconquered by the Elbing commander Heinrich Reuß von Plauen in 1461, the town became his seat as deputy Grand Master. The command of the town was given to Ertman von Kirchberg, who oppressed the inhabitants.[2] After the peace treaty signed in Toruń in 1466, Mohrungen remained part of the Teutonic state and at the same time came under Polish suzerainty as a fief.

Mohrungen was on a shipping commerce line connecting Truso with harbors at the Black Sea. Agriculture and commerce was the primary occupations in the town. It was known as a cattle and grain market.[4]

Modern era
Dohna Castle

During the Polish–Teutonic War of 1519–21, Morąg was again captured by Poland in 1520, after the local commander, Czech mercenary Wurgel Drahnicky, who wanted to defend the castle, was forced to submit to the Poles by the townspeople and his own troops.[5] Upon the Protestant Reformation and the secularisation of the Order's State in 1525 it became part of Ducal Prussia, remaining a Polish fief until 1657. The estates were held by Colonel Peter von Dohna (1483–1553), Lord of Schlobitten, whose son Achatius von Dohna (1533–1619) had a castle erected. Peter's grandson Christopher von Dohna (1583–1637) became known as a scholar and governor of the Principality of Orange during the Thirty Years' War. Rebuilt in a Baroque style in the early 18th century, Dohna Castle is today used as a museum.

Mohrungen in the early 20th century

Mohrungen was again devastated during the Polish–Swedish War in 1626. From 1701 it was part of the Kingdom of Prussia under King Frederick I. It remained the seat of the local administration, since 1752 of Landkreis Mohrungen (Mohrungen district). Despite being outside of Polish suzerainty since 1657, in the 18th century Poles still inhabited the town and its surroundings, and the town owed its prosperity to trade routes connecting with Poland.[3] The town was within short distances surrounded by Polish territory. During the Napoleonic War of the Fourth Coalition, in 1807, Marshal Jean-Baptiste Jules Bernadotte took his residence at Dohna Castle; his French forces were defeated in a skirmish with Russian troops on January 25, 1807. An earthquake struck the town in 1818.

The town received access to the Prussian state railways network in 1882. Part of the East Prussian Königsberg region, Mohrungen between 1871 and 1945 belonged to Germany. It was occupied by Soviet Red Army forces of the 2nd Belorussian Front during the East Prussian Offensive on 23 January 1945. After World War II, the remaining local populace was expelled and the town became part of the re-established Polish Republic according to the Potsdam Agreement, given its historic Polish name Morąg.

From May 2010 to 2011 the town was the garrison of a United States Army Patriot Missile Defense battery.[6]

Population in the 19th century

In 1828 the county of Morąg (including the town) had 36,692 inhabitants, of whom - according to official German data - 35,635 (~97%) Germans and 1,057 (~3%) Poles. The town itself was exclusively German.[7]

Sights
St. Peter and St Paul's church

After a fire in 1697 only Dohna Castle and the üarish church, which was restored and rebuilt several times, survived. Following World War II in 1945 fires burnt about 45% of the historic town centre. Only the outer walls of the town hall remained.

  • The old castle of the Teutonic Knights is being excavated as more of it has been recently discovered.
  • The "Dohna-Schlößchen" (Dohna Palace), which was mostly destroyed in the Second World War, was restored in 1986. Now it houses the Museum of Johann Gottfried Herder, an impressive regional museum.
  • The main body of the Catholic church of Saint Peter and Saint Paul goes back to the first half of the 14th century.
  • The town hall, damaged in the Second World War, was rebuilt from 1947-1954 as it looked before.
  • Some ruins of the original town walls still remain.
  • Kretowiny (Kranthau), a popular lake and camp ground are only 9 km away and are a favorite and frequent retreat for the local population.
Morąg Marsh

Population
  • 1740: 1,067
  • 1782: 1,753
  • 1820: 2,108
  • 1880: 3,742
  • 1885: 3,879
  • 1890: 3,780
  • 1900: 4,025
  • 1910: 4,147
  • 1925: 4,934
  • 1933: 5,414
  • 2003: 14,570
  • 2010: 13,895
  • 2017: 14,042[8]

Famous residents

Religion

Pastoral activity in the town is the Roman Catholic Church and the Pentecostal Church - Protestant community on the nature of the Gospel, as well as the Greek Orthodox Church.[9]

gollark: Thus bad.
gollark: It does NOT allow random access.
gollark: Hmm, so, designoidal idea:- files have the following metadata: filename, last modified time, maybe permissions (I may not actually need this), size, checksum, flags (in case I need this later; probably just compression format?)- each version of a file in an archive has this metadata in front of it- when all the files in some set of data are archived, a header gets written to the end with all the file metadata plus positions- when backup is rerun, the system™️ just checks the last modified time of everything and sees if its local copies are newer, and if so appends them to the end; when it is done a new header is added containing all the files- when a backup needs to be extracted, it just reads the end, finds the latest versions and decompresses stuff at the right offsetThere are some important considerations here: it should be able to deal with damaged/partial files, encryption would be nice to have (it would probably work to just run it through authenticated AES-whatever when writing), adding new files shouldn't require tons of seeking, and it might be necessary to store backups on FAT32 disks so maybe it needs to be able of using multiple files somehow.
gollark: I have been pondering an osmarksarchiveformat™ because I dislike the existing ones somewhat. Specifically for backups and append-only-ish access. Thusly, thoughts on the design (crossposted from old esolangs)?
gollark: If you run too much current through beans they may vaporise/burn/etc.

References
  1. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2013-12-30. Retrieved 2013-06-22.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  2. Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom VI, Warsaw, 1885, p. 672 (in Polish)
  3. "Historia, Municipal website of Morąg" (in Polish). Retrieved June 10, 2019.
  4. Cohen, Saul B., "The Columbia Gazetteer of the World." Columbia University Press, 1998.
  5. Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom VI, Warsaw, 1885, p. 673 (in Polish)
  6. Poland welcomes US soldiers, Patriot missiles
  7. von Haxthausen, August (1839). Die ländliche verfassung in den einzelnen provinzen der Preussischen Monarchie (in German). Königsberg: Gebrüder Borntraeger Verlagsbuchhandlung. pp. 78–81.
  8. The Population. The status and structure of the territorial section (as of 31 XII 2010). Warsaw: Central Statistical Office, 2011-06-10. ISSN 1734-6118.
  9. A. Kopiczko, Panorama, religion of the Olsztyn after World War II, pp. 63, 64

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