Flash fiction

Flash fiction is a fictional work of extreme brevity[1] that still offers character and plot development. Identified varieties, many of them defined by word count, include the six-word story;[2] the 280-character story (also known as "twitterature");[3] the "dribble" (also known as the "minisaga," 50 words);[2] the "drabble" (also known as "microfiction," 100 words);[2] "sudden fiction" (750 words);[4] flash fiction (1,000 words); and "micro-story".[5]

Literature
Major forms
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Media
Techniques
History and lists
Discussion
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Some commentators have suggested that flash fiction possesses a unique literary quality in its ability to hint at or imply a larger story.[6]

History

Flash fiction has roots going back to prehistory, recorded at origin of writing, including fables and parables, notably Aesop's Fables in the west, and Panchatantra and Jataka tales in India. Later examples include the tales of Nasreddin, and Zen koans such as The Gateless Gate.

In the United States, early forms of flash fiction can be found in the 19th century, notably in the figures of Walt Whitman, Ambrose Bierce, and Kate Chopin.[7]

In the 1920s flash fiction was referred to as the "short short story" and was associated with Cosmopolitan magazine; and in the 1930s, collected in anthologies such as The American Short Short Story.[8]

Somerset Maugham was a notable proponent, with his Cosmopolitans: Very Short Stories (1936) being an early collection.

In Japan, flash fiction was popularized in the post-war period particularly by Michio Tsuzuki (都筑道夫).

In 2020 The Harry Ransom Center at the University of Texas at Austin established the first curated collection of flash fiction artifacts in the United States.[9]

Authors

Practitioners have included Saadi of Shiraz ("Gulistan of Sa'di"), Bolesław Prus,[10][11] Anton Chekhov, O. Henry, Franz Kafka, H.P. Lovecraft, Yasunari Kawabata, Ernest Hemingway, Julio Cortázar, Daniil Kharms,[12] Arthur C. Clarke, Richard Brautigan, Ray Bradbury, Kurt Vonnegut, Jr., Fredric Brown, John Cage, Philip K. Dick and Robert Sheckley.[13]

Hemingway also wrote 18 pieces of flash fiction that were included in his first short-story collection, In Our Time. It is disputed whether (to win a bet), as alleged, he also wrote the flash fiction "For Sale, Baby Shoes, Never Worn".[14]

Also notable are the 62 "short-shorts" which comprise Severance, the thematic collection by Robert Olen Butler in which each story describes the remaining 90 seconds of conscious awareness within human heads which have been decapitated.[15]

English speaking writers well known for their published flash fiction include Lydia Davis, David Gaffney and Robert Scotellaro and online include Sherrie Flick, Bruce Holland Rogers, Steve Almond, Barbara Henning, Grant Faulkner.

Spanish-speaking literature has many authors of microstories, including Augusto Monterroso ("El dinosaurio") and Luis Felipe Lomelí ("El Emigrante"). Their microstories are some of the shortest ever written in that language. In Spain, authors of microrrelatos (very short fictions) have included Andrés Neuman, Ramón Gómez de la Serna, José Jiménez Lozano, Javier Tomeo, José María Merino, Juan José Millás, and Óscar Esquivias.[16] In his collection La mitad del diablo (Páginas de Espuma, 2006), Juan Pedro Aparicio included the one-word story Luis XIV, which in its entirety reads: "Yo" ("I"). In Argentina, notable contemporary contributors to the genre have included Marco Denevi, Luisa Valenzuela, and Ana María Shua.

The Italian writer Italo Calvino consciously searched for a short narrative form, drawing inspiration from Argentine writers Jorge Luis Borges and Adolfo Bioy Casares and finding that Monterroso's was "the most perfect he could find"; "El dinosaurio", in turn, possibly inspired his "The Dinosaurs".[17]

German-language authors of Kürzestgeschichten, influenced by brief narratives penned by Bertolt Brecht and Franz Kafka, have included Peter Bichsel, Heimito von Doderer, Günter Kunert, and Helmut Heißenbüttel.

The Arabic-speaking world has produced a number of micro-story authors, including the Nobel Prize-winning Egyptian author Naguib Mahfouz, whose book Echoes of an Autobiography is composed mainly of such stories. Other flash fiction writers in Arabic include Zakaria Tamer, Haidar Haidar, and Laila al-Othman.

In the Russian-speaking world the best known flash fiction author is Linor Goralik.

In the southwestern Indian state of Kerala PK Parakkadavu is known for his many micro-stories in the Malayalam language.[18]

Journals

A number of print journals dedicate themselves to flash fiction. These include Flash: The International Short-Short Story Magazine.[19]

Internet

Access to the Internet has enhanced an awareness of flash fiction, with online journals being devoted entirely to the style. SmokeLong Quarterly, founded by Dave Clapper in 2003, is "dedicated to bringing the best flash fiction to the web ... whether written by widely published authors or those new to the craft."[20] Other online flash fiction journals include wigleaf, Flash Fiction Online and Flash Fiction Magazine.[21]

In a CNN article on the subject, the author remarked that "[the] democratization of communication offered by the Internet has made positive in-roads" in the specific area of flash fiction, and directly influenced the style's popularity.[22] The form is popular, with most online literary journals now publishing flash fiction.

In the summer of 2017, The New Yorker began running a series of flash fiction stories online every summer.[23]

gollark: ?choose "refract light" "retract light" "redact light" "re-enact light" "react light"
gollark: Who's super!? LyricLy?
gollark: I suggest to AutoBotRobot.
gollark: Pass me total control of the server for a second?
gollark: Well, no, in practice it was just a game thing he didn't expect to work but which did.

See also

Notes
  1. Catherine Sustana. "What Is Flash Fiction?". About Entertainment.
  2. Graham (March 8, 2013). "Flash fiction - all you ever wanted to know, but were afraid to ask..." The Bridport Prize.
  3. Maddie Crum (May 7, 2015). "Twitter Fiction Reveals The Power Of Very, Very Short Stories". The Huffington Post.
  4. Becky Tuch. "Flash Fiction: What's It All About?". The Review Review.
  5. Christopher Kasparek, "Two Micro-Stories by Bolesław Prus," The Polish Review, 1995, no. 1, pp. 99-103.
  6. Swartwood, Robert, "Hint Fiction", (New York: W.W. Norton, 2011)
  7. Roth, Forrest Stephen (2013). Specimen Fiction: The 19th Century Tradition of the American Short-Short Story Critical Essay with Creative Work (Ph.D.). University of Louisiana at Lafayette.
  8. "The American Short Short Story - Google Books". Books.google.com. Retrieved 2015-09-27.
  9. Allen, Christopher (April 27, 2020). "America's First Curated Collection of Flash Fiction Artifacts". SmokeLong Quarterly.
  10. Christopher Kasparek, "Two Micro-Stories by Bolesław Prus," The Polish Review, 1995, no. 1, pp. 99-103.
  11. Zygmunt Szweykowski, Twórczość Bolesława Prusa, p. 99.
  12. Branislav Jakovljevic, Daniil Kharms: Writing and the Event (Northwestern UP, 2009), p. 6
  13. "Flash fiction: 'Intense, urgent and a little explosive'". Irishtimes.com. 2011-10-26. Retrieved 2015-09-27.
  14. "Ernest Hemingway - Baby Shoes". snopes.com. Retrieved 2015-09-27.
  15. "Dead Heads". The New York Times. Retrieved 2015-09-27.
  16. Valls, Fernando (2012). Mar de pirañas. Menoscuarto. ISBN 8496675890. Retrieved 19 November 2012.
  17. Weiss, Beno (1993). Italo Calvino. U of South Carolina P. p. 103. ISBN 9780872498587. Retrieved 9 November 2012.
  18. Parakkadavu, PK (2013). Through the Mini-Looking Glass. Translated by VK Sreelesh. Kozhikode: Lead Books.
  19. Bente Lucht (November 17, 2014). "Flash Fiction: Literary fast food or a metamodern (sub)genre with potential?". Human And Social Sciences at the Common Conference.
  20. Hart, Melissa (March 2016). "Smoke Break: Guest Editors Choose Flash Fiction for Online Mag". The Writer (Retrieved 2016-02-11).
  21. Pratt, Mary K. (2009-05-05). "How Technology Is Changing What We Read". PCWorld. Retrieved 2015-09-27.
  22. "Six of the best: CNN readers tell us their stories". Cnn.com. 2008-08-18. Retrieved 2010-05-02.
  23. "Flash Fiction A series of very short stories for the summer".

Bibliography
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