Metacarcinus anthonyi

Metacarcinus anthonyi, the yellow rock crab or yellow crab, is a species of edible crab native to the Pacific coast of North America.

Metacarcinus anthonyi
Temporal range: Pliocene–Recent
Exuvia of Metacarcinus anthonyi
Metacarcinus anthonyi male
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Arthropoda
Subphylum:
Crustacea
Class:
Malacostraca
Order:
Decapoda
Infraorder:
Brachyura
Family:
Cancridae
Genus:
Metacarcinus
Species:
M. anthonyi
Binomial name
Metacarcinus anthonyi
(Rathbun, 1897)
Metacarcinus anthonyi range
Synonyms

Cancer anthonyi Rathbun, 1897 [1]

Distribution

Metacarcinus anthonyi occurs from Magdalena Bay, Baja California north to Humboldt Bay in Northern California, although it is uncommon further north than San Pedro.[2] It lives in rocky areas at depths of up to 132 m (433 ft).[2] Only the juveniles live in the intertidal zone.[3]

Some fossils of M. anthonyi are also known from central and southern California, dating from the Pliocene and Pleistocene.[2]

Description

Male yellow rock crabs can reach 165 mm carapace width, while females reach 148 mm.[4] The carapace is oval, fairly broad, and widest at the 9th of 10 forward-curving anterolateral teeth. Like other California Cancridae crabs, M. anthonyi has black-tipped claws. M. anthonyi can be distinguished from Romaleon antennarium by its lack of red spotting on its underside. M. anthonyi also tends not to decorate itself and tends not to have hairy legs. It can vary in coloration from yellow to brown with the juvenile crabs tending to be darker than adults.

M. anthonyi is one of only two species that regularly reach the minimum landing size for crabs in Southern California – the other being Cancer productus – and is the subject of commercial fisheries.[3] R. antennarium is also caught throughout Southern California commercially[3]

Ecology and life cycle

M. anthonyi is an ecologically important species. It is prey for many fish including the scorpion fish, barred sand bass and other rock fishes. M. anthonyi is also prey for sea otters, a threatened species. M. anthonyi is both a scavenger and a predator eating anything that the large claws can crush including echinoderms, snails and clams.

Metacarcinus anthonyi reaches sexual maturity after 10–12 molts.[5] Mating typically takes place in June, and occurs shortly after the females have molted.[2] Before molting, females release a pheromone which induces courtship behavior in the males.[2]

Taxonomy

Metacarcinus anthonyi was first described by Mary J. Rathbun in 1897, under the name Cancer anthonyi.[1] The specific epithet commemorates Alfred Webster Anthony, a naturalist working in San Diego.[6]

Fishery

C. anthonyi is harvested by sport and commercial fishermen in California, mostly from Morro Bay south. The California rock crab fishery is made up of three species - the yellow rock crab (C. anthonyi), the brown rock crab (C. antennarius), and the red rock crab (C. productus). Rock crab landings for 1999 were 790,000 pounds and have averaged 1.2 million pounds per year from 1991-1999.[7]

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References
  1. Peter K. L. Ng, Danièle Guinot & Peter J. F. Davie (2008). "Systema Brachyurorum: Part I. An annotated checklist of extant Brachyuran crabs of the world" (PDF). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. 17: 1–286. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-06-06.
  2. Robert H. Morris; Robert Hugh Morris; Donald Putnam Abbott; Eugene Clinton Haderlie (1980). "The true crabs". Intertidal Invertebrates of California. Stanford University Press. pp. 594–630. ISBN 978-0-8047-1045-9.
  3. Sam Hinton (1987). "Phylum Arthropoda". Seashore Life of Southern California: an Introduction to the Animal Life of California Beaches South of Santa Barbara. California Natural History Guides. 26. University of California Press. pp. 131–161. ISBN 978-0-520-05924-5.
  4. Carroll, Jay; Winn, Richard (1989). "Species Profiles: Life Histories and Environmental Requirements of Coastal Fishes and Invertebrates (Pacific Southwest)". U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Biol. Rep. 82 (11.117): 16.
  5. William S. Leet; Christopher M. Dewees; Richard Klingbeil; Eric J. Larson, eds. (2001). "Rock crabs". California's Living Marine Resources: a Status Report (4th ed.). California Department of Fish and Game. pp. 112–114. ISBN 978-1-879906-57-0.
  6. Bo Beolens, Michael Watkins & Michael Grayson (2009). "Anthony, A. W.". The Eponym Dictionary of Mammals. Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 15. ISBN 978-0-8018-9304-9.
  7. Parker, David O. (December 2001). "Rock Crabs". Retrieved September 10, 2013.
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