Mathematical Operators

Mathematical Operators is a Unicode block containing characters for mathematical, logical, and set notation.

This article is about the Unicode block. For operators in mathematics, see Operator (mathematics). For mathematical symbols in Unicode, including other blocks, see Mathematical operators and symbols in Unicode.
Mathematical Operators
RangeU+2200..U+22FF
(256 code points)
PlaneBMP
ScriptsCommon
Symbol setsMathematical symbols
Logic and Set operators
Relation symbols
Assigned256 code points
Unused0 reserved code points
Unicode version history
1.0.0242 (+242)
3.2256 (+14)
Note: [1][2]

Notably absent are the plus sign (+), greater than sign (>) and less than sign (<), due to them already appearing in the Basic Latin Unicode block, and the plus-or-minus sign (±), multiplication sign (×) and obelus (÷), due to them already appearing in the Latin-1 Supplement block, although a distinct minus sign (−) is included, differing from the Basic Latin hyphen-minus (-).

Block
Mathematical Operators[1]
Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF)
 0123456789ABCDEF
U+220x ∀ ∁ ∂ ∃ ∄ ∅ ∆ ∇ ∈ ∉ ∊ ∋ ∌ ∍ ∎ ∏
U+221x ∐ ∑ − ∓ ∔ ∕ ∖ ∗ ∘ ∙ √ ∛ ∜ ∝ ∞ ∟
U+222x ∠ ∡ ∢ ∣ ∤ ∥ ∦ ∧ ∨ ∩ ∪ ∫ ∬ ∭ ∮ ∯
U+223x ∰ ∱ ∲ ∳ ∴ ∵ ∶ ∷ ∸ ∹ ∺ ∻ ∼ ∽ ∾ ∿
U+224x ≀ ≁ ≂ ≃ ≄ ≅ ≆ ≇ ≈ ≉ ≊ ≋ ≌ ≍ ≎ ≏
U+225x ≐ ≑ ≒ ≓ ≔ ≕ ≖ ≗ ≘ ≙ ≚ ≛ ≜ ≝ ≞ ≟
U+226x ≠ ≡ ≢ ≣ ≤ ≥ ≦ ≧ ≨ ≩ ≪ ≫ ≬ ≭ ≮ ≯
U+227x ≰ ≱ ≲ ≳ ≴ ≵ ≶ ≷ ≸ ≹ ≺ ≻ ≼ ≽ ≾ ≿
U+228x ⊀ ⊁ ⊂ ⊃ ⊄ ⊅ ⊆ ⊇ ⊈ ⊉ ⊊ ⊋ ⊌ ⊍ ⊎ ⊏
U+229x ⊐ ⊑ ⊒ ⊓ ⊔ ⊕ ⊖ ⊗ ⊘ ⊙ ⊚ ⊛ ⊜ ⊝ ⊞ ⊟
U+22Ax ⊠ ⊡ ⊢ ⊣ ⊤ ⊥ ⊦ ⊧ ⊨ ⊩ ⊪ ⊫ ⊬ ⊭ ⊮ ⊯
U+22Bx ⊰ ⊱ ⊲ ⊳ ⊴ ⊵ ⊶ ⊷ ⊸ ⊹ ⊺ ⊻ ⊼ ⊽ ⊾ ⊿
U+22Cx ⋀ ⋁ ⋂ ⋃ ⋄ ⋅ ⋆ ⋇ ⋈ ⋉ ⋊ ⋋ ⋌ ⋍ ⋎ ⋏
U+22Dx ⋐ ⋑ ⋒ ⋓ ⋔ ⋕ ⋖ ⋗ ⋘ ⋙ ⋚ ⋛ ⋜ ⋝ ⋞ ⋟
U+22Ex ⋠ ⋡ ⋢ ⋣ ⋤ ⋥ ⋦ ⋧ ⋨ ⋩ ⋪ ⋫ ⋬ ⋭ ⋮ ⋯
U+22Fx ⋰ ⋱ ⋲ ⋳ ⋴ ⋵ ⋶ ⋷ ⋸ ⋹ ⋺ ⋻ ⋼ ⋽ ⋾ ⋿
Notes
1.^ As of Unicode version 13.0

Variation sequences

The Mathematical Operators block has sixteen variation sequences defined for standardized variants.[3][4] They use U+FE00 VARIATION SELECTOR-1 (VS01) to denote variant symbols (depending on the font):

Variation sequences
Base characterBase+VS01Description
U+2205 EMPTY SET∅∅︀zero with long diagonal stroke overlay form
U+2229 INTERSECTION∩∩︀with serifs
U+222A UNION∪∪︀with serifs
U+2268 LESS-THAN BUT NOT EQUAL TO≨≨︀with vertical stroke
U+2269 GREATER-THAN BUT NOT EQUAL TO≩≩︀with vertical stroke
U+2272 LESS-THAN OR EQUIVALENT TO≲≲︀following the slant of the lower leg
U+2273 GREATER-THAN OR EQUIVALENT TO≳≳︀following the slant of the lower leg
U+228A SUBSET OF WITH NOT EQUAL TO⊊⊊︀with stroke through bottom members
U+228B SUPERSET OF WITH NOT EQUAL TO⊋⊋︀with stroke through bottom members
U+2293 SQUARE CAP⊓⊓︀with serifs
U+2294 SQUARE CUP⊔⊔︀with serifs
U+2295 CIRCLED PLUS⊕⊕︀with white rim
U+2297 CIRCLED TIMES⊗⊗︀with white rim
U+229C CIRCLED EQUALS⊜⊜︀with equal sign touching the circle
U+22DA LESS-THAN EQUAL TO OR GREATER-THAN⋚⋚︀with slanted equal
U+22DB GREATER-THAN EQUAL TO OR LESS-THAN⋛⋛︀with slanted equal

History

The following Unicode-related documents record the purpose and process of defining specific characters in the Mathematical Operators block:

VersionFinal code points[lower-alpha 1]CountUTC IDL2 IDWG2 IDDocument
1.0.0U+2200..22F1242(to be determined)
UTC/1999-013Karlsson, Kent (1999-05-27), Tildes and micro sign decompositions
L2/99-176RMoore, Lisa (1999-11-04), "Not Tilde", Minutes from the joint UTC/L2 meeting in Seattle, June 8-10, 1999
L2/00-115R2Moore, Lisa (2000-08-08), "Motion 83-M21", Minutes Of UTC Meeting #83
L2/01-342Suignard, Michel (2001-09-10), "T.9 B.1 List of combining characters/Variation selectors", Comments accompanying the US positive vote on the FPDAM 1 to ISO/IEC 10646-1:2001
L2/07-268N3253 (pdf, doc)Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2007-07-26), "M50.7 (Math symbol glyph correction) [U+22C4]", Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 50, Frankfurt-am-Main, Germany; 2007-04-24/27
L2/15-268Beeton, Barbara; Freytag, Asmus; Iancu, Laurențiu; Sargent, Murray (2015-10-30), Proposal to Represent the Slashed Zero Variant of Empty Set
L2/15-254Moore, Lisa (2015-11-16), "B.12.1.2 Proposal to Represent the Slashed Zero Variant of Empty Set", UTC #145 Minutes
3.2U+22F2..22FF14L2/00-119[lower-alpha 2]N2191RWhistler, Ken; Freytag, Asmus (2000-04-19), Encoding Additional Mathematical Symbols in Unicode
L2/00-234N2203 (rtf, txt)Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2000-07-21), "8.18", Minutes from the SC2/WG2 meeting in Beijing, 2000-03-21 -- 24
L2/00-115R2Moore, Lisa (2000-08-08), "Motion 83-M11", Minutes Of UTC Meeting #83
  1. Proposed code points and characters names may differ from final code points and names
  2. Refer to the history section of the Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-B block for additional math-related documents
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See also

References
  1. "Unicode character database". The Unicode Standard. Retrieved 2016-07-09.
  2. "Enumerated Versions of The Unicode Standard". The Unicode Standard. Retrieved 2016-07-09.
  3. "Unicode Character Database: Standardized Variation Sequences". The Unicode Consortium.
  4. Whistler, Ken; Freytag, Asmus (2000-04-19), "Symbol variants defined using a Variation Selector", L2/00-119: Encoding Additional Mathematical Symbols in Unicode (PDF)
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