Mallotus (plant)

Mallotus is a genus of the spurge family Euphorbiaceae first described as a genus in 1790.[4] Two species (M. oppositifolius and M. subulatus) are found in tropical Africa and Madagascar. All the other species are found in East Asia, the Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia, eastern Australia, and certain islands of the western Pacific.[2][5][6][7]

Mallotus
Kamala tree (M. philippensis)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Malpighiales
Family: Euphorbiaceae
Subfamily: Acalyphoideae
Tribe: Acalypheae
Subtribe: Rottlerinae
Genus: Mallotus
Lour.
Synonyms[2]
Mallotus japonicus
Mallotus macrostachyus
Mallotus mollissimus
Mallotus paniculatus

Fossil record

Mallotus macrofossils have been recovered from the late Zanclean stage of Pliocene sites in Pocapaglia, Italy.[8]

Uses

Mallotus species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Endoclita malabaricus. The Kamala tree (Mallotus philippensis) has hairs of whose seed capsule which are the source of a yellow dye (kamala dye) and (formerly) herbal remedy.

Species[2]
  1. Mallotus actinoneurus - S Thailand, W Malaysia
  2. Mallotus anomalus - Hainan
  3. Mallotus apelta - S China
  4. Mallotus atrovirens - SW India
  5. Mallotus attenuatus - Papua New Guinea
  6. Mallotus aureopunctatus - India
  7. Mallotus barbatus - India, Indochina, S China, Malaysia, W Indonesia
  8. Mallotus beddomei - SW India
  9. Mallotus blumeanus - Java, Sumatra
  10. Mallotus brachythyrsus - Sarawak, Kalimantan
  11. Mallotus brevipetiolatus - S Thailand, W Malaysia
  12. Mallotus calocarpus - S Thailand
  13. Mallotus cambodianus - Cambodia
  14. Mallotus canii - Vietnam
  15. Mallotus caudatus - Borneo
  16. Mallotus cauliflorus - Luzon
  17. Mallotus chromocarpus - Papua New Guinea
  18. Mallotus chuyenii - Vietnam
  19. Mallotus claoxyloides- E Australia, Papua New Guinea
  20. Mallotus concinnus - Kelantan
  21. Mallotus confusus - Philippines
  22. Mallotus connatus - Philippines, Borneo
  23. Mallotus coudercii - Indochina
  24. Mallotus cumingii - Philippines, Borneo, Sulawesi
  25. Mallotus darbyshirei - Papua New Guinea
  26. Mallotus decipiens - Bangladesh, Indochina, W Malaysia
  27. Mallotus didymochryseus - New Guinea
  28. Mallotus discolor - E Australia
  29. Mallotus dispar - Indochina, W Malaysia, W Indonesia
  30. Mallotus dispersus - N Australia
  31. Mallotus distans - S India, Sri Lanka
  32. Mallotus dunnii - Fujian
  33. Mallotus eberhardtii - Vietnam
  34. Mallotus eriocarpus - Sri Lanka, W Malaysia
  35. Mallotus eximius - Borneo, W Malaysia
  36. Mallotus ficifolius - Queensland
  37. Mallotus floribundus - SE Asia, Papuasia
  38. Mallotus fuscescens - Sri Lanka
  39. Mallotus garrettii - N Laos, N Thailand
  40. Mallotus glabriusculus - Indochina
  41. Mallotus glomerulatus - NE Thailand
  42. Mallotus grossedentatus - Hainan
  43. Mallotus hanheoensis - Vietnam
  44. Mallotus havilandii - Sarawak
  45. Mallotus hispidospinosus - Thailand, Myanmar
  46. Mallotus hymenophyllus - S Thailand
  47. Mallotus illudens - S China
  48. Mallotus insularum - Maluku, Lesser Sunda Islands
  49. Mallotus intercedens - India
  50. Mallotus japonicus - Japan, Korea, China, Ryukyu Islands
  51. Mallotus khasianus - Assam, Indochina, S China
  52. Mallotus kongkandae - Yunnan, N Thailand
  53. Mallotus korthalsii - Philippines, Malaysia, W Indonesia
  54. Mallotus kweichowensis - Guizhou
  55. Mallotus lackeyi - Borneo, Philippines
  56. Mallotus lanceolatus - S China, Indochina
  57. Mallotus lancifolius - Andaman & Nicobar Is, Malaysia, W Indonesia
  58. Mallotus lappaceus - Myanmar
  59. Mallotus lauterbachianus - New Guinea
  60. Mallotus leptostachyus - S Myanmar, S Thailand
  61. Mallotus leucocalyx - SE Asia
  62. Mallotus leucocarpus - Assam, Myanmar
  63. Mallotus leucodermis - S Thailand, Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra
  64. Mallotus lianus - Guangdong, Fujian, Zhejiang
  65. Mallotus longinervis - Sarawak
  66. Mallotus longipes - Myanmar
  67. Mallotus macrostachyus - S Thailand, Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra
  68. Mallotus macularis - New Guinea
  69. Mallotus megadontus - Queensland
  70. Mallotus metcalfianus - N Thailand, Vietnam, Guangxi
  71. Mallotus microcarpus - S China
  72. Mallotus millietii - Guizhou
  73. Mallotus minimifructus - Borneo, Sulawesi, Philippines
  74. Mallotus miquelianus - Thailand, Borneo, Malaysia, Philippines, Sumatra
  75. Mallotus mirus - Thailand
  76. Mallotus mollissimus - Indonesia, Philippines, Papuasia, Queensland
  77. Mallotus monanthos - Pahang
  78. Mallotus montanus - S Thailand, W Malaysia
  79. Mallotus muticus - Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra
  80. Mallotus myanmaricus - Myanmar
  81. Mallotus nanus - Laos, Cambodia
  82. Mallotus neocavaleriei - Guizhou
  83. Mallotus nepalensis - Nepal, Yunnan, Myanmar, Assam, Bhutan
  84. Mallotus nesophilus - N Australia
  85. Mallotus nudiflorus - Indian Subcontinent, SE Asia, S China
  86. Mallotus oppositifolius - Madagascar, tropical Africa
  87. Mallotus oreophilus - Yunnan, Sikkim
  88. Mallotus pachypodus - Myanmar
  89. Mallotus pallidus - S Thailand
  90. Mallotus paniculatus - Indian Subcontinent, SE Asia, S China, Queensland, Papuasia
  91. Mallotus peltatus - Indian Subcontinent, SE Asia, S China, Papuasia
  92. Mallotus philippensis - Indian Subcontinent, SE Asia, S China, Papuasia, Ryukyu Islands
  93. Mallotus pierrei - Thailand, Vietnam
  94. Mallotus pleiogynus - New Guinea
  95. Mallotus plicatus - Indochina
  96. Mallotus poilanei - Vietnam
  97. Mallotus polyadenos - New Guinea, Queensland
  98. Mallotus polycarpus - W India
  99. Mallotus puber - Solomon Islands
  100. Mallotus repandus - Indian Subcontinent, SE Asia, S China, Papuasia, New Caledonia
  101. Mallotus resinosus - Indian Subcontinent, SE Asia, Papuasia, Queensland
  102. Mallotus rhamnifolius - S India, Sri Lanka
  103. Mallotus roxburghianus - E Himalayas
  104. Mallotus rufidulus - W Indonesia
  105. Mallotus sathavensis - Vietnam
  106. Mallotus sphaerocarpus - Sumatra
  107. Mallotus spinifructus - Kalimantan
  108. Mallotus stewardii - E China
  109. Mallotus subcuneatus - S Thailand, W Malaysia
  110. Mallotus subjaponicus - Anhui
  111. Mallotus subulatus - W + C Africa
  112. Mallotus sumatranus - Sumatra, Borneo
  113. Mallotus surculosus - Cape York Peninsula
  114. Mallotus taoyuanensis - Hunan
  115. Mallotus tetracoccus - Indian Subcontinent, Thailand, Myanmar, Yunnan
  116. Mallotus thorelii - Indochina
  117. Mallotus thunbergianus - Sri Lanka
  118. Mallotus tiliifolius - Hainan, SE Asia, Papuasia, Micronesia, Taiwan
  119. Mallotus trinervius - New Guinea
  120. Mallotus ustulatus - Cambodia
  121. Mallotus wrayi - - Sumatra, Borneo, W Malaysia
  122. Mallotus yunnanensis - Yunnan

Formerly included[2]

moved to other genera (Acalypha Aleurites Blumeodendron Chondrostylis Cleidion Croton Discocleidion Endospermum Hancea Lasiococca Macaranga Melanolepis Neoboutonia Plukenetia Ptychopyxis Rockinghamia Spathiostemon Sumbaviopsis )

  1. M. affinis - Macaranga lowii
  2. M. angulatus - Melanolepis multiglandulosa
  3. M. angustifolius - Rockinghamia angustifolia
  4. M. arboreus - Ptychopyxis arborea
  5. M. arboreus var. platyphyllus - Ptychopyxis kingii
  6. M. auriculatus - Macaranga lowii
  7. M. baillonianus - Hancea acuminata
  8. M. brevipes Merr. 1915 - Lasiococca brevipes
  9. M. brevipes Pax ex Engl. 1895 - Acalypha neptunica
  10. M. calcosus - Melanolepis multiglandulosa
  11. M. calvus - Spathiostemon javensis
  12. M. capensis - Macaranga capensis
  13. M. capuronii - Hancea capuronii
  14. M. caput-medusae - Ptychopyxis caput-medusae
  15. M. cavaleriei - Discocleidion rufescens
  16. M. chrysanthus - Ptychopyxis chrysantha
  17. M. cordatifolius - Hancea cordatifolia
  18. M. dallachyi - Macaranga dallachyana
  19. M. diadenus - Endospermum diadenum
  20. M. echinatus - Hancea penangensis
  21. M. eglandulosus - Spathiostemon javensis
  22. M. eucaustus - Hancea eucausta
  23. M. geloniifolius - Cleidion javanicum
  24. M. glaberrimus - Macaranga glaberrima
  25. M. grandistipularis - Hancea grandistipularis
  26. M. griffithianus - Hancea griffithiana
  27. M. hellwigianus - Melanolepis multiglandulosa
  28. M. henryi - Macaranga henryi
  29. M. hirsutus - Hancea hirsuta
  30. M. hollrungianus - Melanolepis multiglandulosa
  31. M. hookerianus - Hancea hookeriana
  32. M. hookerianus var. papuanus - Hancea papuana
  33. M. impar - Hancea griffithiana
  34. M. inamoenus - Macaranga inamoena
  35. M. integrifolius - Hancea integrifolia
  36. M. kingii - Hancea kingii
  37. M. kunstleri - Chondrostylis kunstleri
  38. M. kurzii - Blumeodendron kurzii
  39. M. leptophyllus - Hancea penangensis
  40. M. longistylus - Hancea longistyla
  41. M. maingayi - Macaranga pruinosa
  42. M. melleri - Neoboutonia melleri
  43. M. minahassae - Croton oblongus
  44. M. moluccanus - Aleurites moluccanus
  45. M. moluccanus var. glabratus - Melanolepis multiglandulosa
  46. M. moluccanus var. pendulus - Melanolepis multiglandulosa
  47. M. multiglandulosus - Melanolepis multiglandulosa
  48. M. nitidus - Cleidion nitidum
  49. M. papuanus - Hancea papuana
  50. M. papuanus var. glabrescens - Hancea penangensis
  51. M. papuanus var. intermedius - Hancea penangensis
  52. M. penangensis - Hancea penangensis
  53. M. populifolius - Macaranga hemsleyana
  54. M. preussii - Plukenetia conophora
  55. M. pseudopenangensis - Hancea penangensis
  56. M. pseudoverticillatus - Lasiococca comberi
  57. M. ramosii - Cleidion ramosii
  58. M. samarensis - Cleidion ramosii
  59. M. sarawakensis - Hancea penangensis
  60. M. speciosus - Sumbaviopsis albicans
  61. M. spinulosus - Hancea spinulosa
  62. M. stipularis - Hancea stipularis
  63. M. subpeltatus - Hancea subpeltata
  64. M. tenuipes - Hancea penangensis
  65. M. tsiangii - Macaranga lowii
  66. M. vernicosus - Blumeodendron tokbrai
  67. M. vitifolius - Melanolepis vitifolia
  68. M. wenzelianus - Hancea wenzeliana
  69. M. woodii - Hancea griffithiana
  70. M. xylacanthus - Hancea penangensis
  71. M. yifengensis - Croton lachnocarpus

Notes
  1. One anagram of this genus name yields Wetriaria, another genus of Euphorbiaceae.[3]
gollark: I just vaguely knew about them until we had to "learn" about them in computer science, at which point I read the wikipedia page.
gollark: Imagine missing caches. DO NOT do this, but imagine it.
gollark: ↑ LyricLy
gollark: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/Hash_table_average_insertion_time.png
gollark: If we assume the hash function is *uniformly* distributed, then through "randomness" technology, some entries will have many things and some fewer.

References
  1. 1897 illustration from Franz Eugen Köhler, Köhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen
  2. Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  3. Burkhardt, Lotte (2018-06-06). Verzeichnis eponymischer Pflanzennamen - Erweiterte Edition. Index of Eponymic Plant Names - Extended Edition. Index de Noms éponymiques des Plantes - Édition augmentée (in German). Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin. p. A7. doi:10.3372/epolist2018. ISBN 978-3-946292-26-5.
  4. Loureiro, João de. 1790. Flora Cochinchinensis 601, 635
  5. Flora of China Vol. 11 Page 225 野桐属 ye tong shu Mallotus Loureiro, Fl. Cochinch. 2: 635. 1790.
  6. Govaerts, R., Frodin, D.G. & Radcliffe-Smith, A. (2000). World Checklist and Bibliography of Euphorbiaceae (and Pandaceae) 1-4: 1-1622. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  7. Sierra, S.E.C. & Van Welzen, P.C. (2005). A taxonomic revision of Mallotus section Mallotus (Euphorbiaceae) in Malesia. Blumea 50: 249-274.
  8. Messian to Zanclean vegetation and climate of Northern and Central Italy by Adele Bertini & Edoardo Martinetto, Bollettino della Societa Paleontologica Italiana, 47 (2), 2008, 105-121. Modena, 11 lugio 2008.
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