Phleum

Phleum (timothy) is a genus of annual and perennial plants in the grass family.[4] The genus is native to Europe, Asia and north Africa, with one species (P. alpinum) also in North and South America.[5]

This article is about the genus of grasses. For the Roman site, see Flevum.
"Catstail" redirects here. It is not to be confused with Cattail.

Phleum
Phleum pratense
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Clade: Commelinids
Order: Poales
Family: Poaceae
Subfamily: Pooideae
Supertribe: Poodae
Tribe: Poeae
Subtribe: Phleinae
Dumort.
Genus: Phleum
L.
Type species
Phleum pratense
Synonyms[3]
  • Stelephuros Adans.
  • Plantinia Bubani
  • Achnodonton P.Beauv.
  • Chilochloa P.Beauv.
  • Achnodon Link
  • Maillea Parl.
  • Pseudophleum Dogan

They are tufted grasses growing to 20–150 cm tall, with cylindrical, spike-like panicles containing many densely packed spikelets.[6]

Species[3][7][8][9]
  • Phleum alpinum – subarctic and mountainous areas in Eurasia, the Americas, South Georgia, etc.
  • Phleum arenarium – western + southern Europe; Mediterranean
  • Phleum bertolonii - Europe, Middle East
  • Phleum boissieri - southwest Asia
  • Phleum × brueggeri - France, Switzerland
  • Phleum crypsoides - Sardinia, Greece, Cyprus
  • Phleum echinatum - Italy, Greece, Balkans, Crimea
  • Phleum exaratum - from Italy to Uzbekistan
  • Phleum gibbum - Turkey
  • Phleum himalaicum - Afghanistan, Pakistan, Kashmir
  • Phleum hirsutum - central Europe, Balkans, Ukraine, Caucasus
  • Phleum iranicum - Iran
  • Phleum montanum - from Balkans to Iran
  • Phleum paniculatum - from Spain to Japan
  • Phleum phleoides – from Portugal + Morocco to eastern Siberia
  • Phleum pratense – Timothy – from Portugal + Morocco to central Asia; naturalized in East Asia, the Americas, etc.
  • Phleum subulatum - from Portugal to Pakistan
  • Phleum × viniklarii - Dalmatia
formerly included[3]

numerous species now considered better suited to other genera: Aegilops Alopecurus Beckmannia Crypsis Cynodon Cynosurus Digitaria Elytrophorus Ischaemum Mnesithea Muhlenbergia Pennisetum Pentameris Phalaris Polypogon Polytrias Sesleria Tribolium

Cultivation and uses

Several species are important for cattle feed and as hay for horses and other domestic animals.[10]

gollark: > The interpretation of any value was determined by the operators used to process the values. (For example, + added two values together, treating them as integers; ! indirected through a value, effectively treating it as a pointer.) In order for this to work, the implementation provided no type checking. Hungarian notation was developed to help programmers avoid inadvertent type errors.[citation needed] This is *just* like Sinth's idea of Unsafe.
gollark: > The language is unusual in having only one data type: a word, a fixed number of bits, usually chosen to align with the architecture's machine word and of adequate capacity to represent any valid storage address. For many machines of the time, this data type was a 16-bit word. This choice later proved to be a significant problem when BCPL was used on machines in which the smallest addressable item was not a word but a byte or on machines with larger word sizes such as 32-bit or 64-bit.[citation needed]
gollark: SOME people call it Basic Combined Programming Language.
gollark: Bee Control Programming Language is VERY cool!
gollark: (Bee Control Programming Language)

References
  1. lectotype designated by Hitchcock, Prop. Brit. Bot.: 119. 1929
  2. "Tropicos - Name - Phleum L." www.tropicos.org.
  3. "Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families". kew.org.
  4. Linnaeus, Carl von. 1753. Species Plantarum 1: 59-60 in Latin
  5. Germplasm Resources Information Network: Phleum
  6. "Phleum in Flora of China @ efloras.org". www.efloras.org. Retrieved 2018-10-15.
  7. "Search results — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org.
  8. Altervista Flora Italiana genere Phleum photos and distribution maps for several species
  9. "Flora Europaea Search Results". rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk. Retrieved 2018-10-15.
  10. "Plants Profile for Phleum (timothy)". www.plants.usda.gov. Retrieved 2018-10-15.
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