List of southernmost items

The most southerly geographical features of various types are listed here.

Cities and settlements
See also: Southernmost settlements
Item Place Latitude/longitude
Capital (of an independent nation) Wellington, New Zealand 41°17′20″S 174°46′38″E
Permanent settlement of any size Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station, Antarctica 90°S 0°E
Settlement capable of housing more than 1,000 people[1] McMurdo Station, Antarctica 77°51′S 166°40′E
Town > 1,000 people Puerto Williams, Chile 54°56′S 67°37′W
City > 50,000 people Ushuaia, Argentina 54°48′S 68°18′W
City > 100,000 people Punta Arenas, Chile 53°10′S 70°56′W
City > 250,000 people Christchurch, New Zealand 43°32′S 172°37′E
City > 500,000 people Mar del Plata, Argentina 38°00′S 57°33′W
Metropolitan area > 5,000,000 people Melbourne, Australia 37°48′49″S 144°57′47″E
Metropolitan area > 15,000,000 people Buenos Aires, Argentina 34°36′12″S 58°22′54″W
Metropolitan area > 20,000,000 people São Paulo, Brazil 23°33′06″S 46°38′01″W

Geography
Item Place Latitude/longitude
Body of water (navigable) Bay of Whales, Ross Sea 78°30′S 164°20′W
Land the Geographic South Pole, Antarctica 90°00′S 00°00′W
Land (excluding Antarctica) Thule Island, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 59°31′50″S 27°23′50″W

Islands
Item Place Latitude/longitude
Any island (above sea level) Deverall Island 81°28′S 161°54′E
Any island (with bare rock, not ice-covered) Ross Island 77°50′S 166°40′E
Any size excluding Antarctica Thule Island 59°27′S 27°18′W
Island > 10,000 km2 excluding Antarctica Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego, Argentina/Chile 55°02′S 56°27′W
Island > 100,000 km2 South Island, New Zealand 46°40′S 169°00′E
Coral atoll Elizabeth Reef, Australia 29°57′S 159°4′E

Berkner Island is further south than any of these, but its bedrock lies entirely below sea level, with only its ice covering rising above.

Nature

Animals
Item Place Latitude/longitude
Bird: South polar skua (Stercorarius maccormicki) seen at the South Pole[2] 90°00′S 00°00′W
Amphibian: Gray four-eyed frog (Pleurodema bufoninum) Southern tip of South America[3] 53°54′S 71°18′W
Mammal: Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii) Southern Ocean[4][5] 80th parallel south
Reptile: Liolaemus magellanicus and Liolaemus sarmentoi Santa Cruz Province, Argentina[4][5] 52.382367°S 68.409956°W / -52.382367; -68.409956 (Liolaemus)
Insect: Antarctic midge (Belgica antarctica) Refuge Islands[6][7] 68°21′S 67°10′W
Fish: Gymnoscopelus nicholsi, Gymnoscopelus braueri, Electrona antarctica Ross Sea[8] 75th parallel south

Plants
Item Place Latitude/longitude
Flowering plants (in greenhouses) Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station, Antarctica[9] 90°00′S 139°16′W
Grass and flowering plants (naturally occurring) Terra Firma Islands, Antarctica[10] 68°42′S 67°32′W
Trees (naturally occurring) Hornos Island, Chile[11] 55°58′S 67°15′W
Palms (nikau (Rhopalostylis sapida), naturally occurring) Chatham Islands, New Zealand[12] 44°02′S 176°26′W

Education
Item Place Latitude/longitude
International Baccalaureate school John McGlashan College, Dunedin, New Zealand [13] 45°51′17″S 170°29′55″E
University National University of Tierra del Fuego, Ushuaia, Argentina[14] 54°48′57″S 68°19′04″W
Kindergarten Puerto Williams,[15] Chile 54°55′59″S 67°37′00″W
Secondary school Puerto Williams, Chile[16] 54°55′59″S 67°37′00″W
Primary school Escuela Nº 38 “Presidente Raúl Ricardo Alfonsín”, Esperanza Base, Antarctica[17] 63°24′S 57°00′W

Science and technology
Item Place Latitude/longitude
Astronomical observatory South Pole Telescope, Antarctica 90°S 0°E
Permanent scientific
research station		 Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station, Antarctica 90°S 0°E
Planetarium Otago Museum, Dunedin, New Zealand[18] 45.865678°S 170.510471°E / -45.865678; 170.510471 (Otago Museum)
Nuclear power plant Atucha I, Argentina[19] 33°58′S 59°12′W
Atucha II, Argentina 33°58′S 59°12′W

Historical sites and archaeological findings
Item Place Latitude/longitude
Prehistoric archaeological site Yaghan people's Bahía Wulaia Dome Mittens,[20] Chile. 55.04755°S 68.14835°W / -55.04755; -68.14835 (Bahía Wulaia Dome Mittens, Chile)

Transportation
Item Place Latitude/longitude
Airfield (permanent, no scheduled flights) Jack F. Paulus Skiway at Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, Antarctica 89°59′22″S 1°0′0″W
Seaport/Harbour Winter Quarters Bay, McMurdo Station, Antarctica[21] 77°51′S 166°40′E
Airport (permanent, with scheduled flights) Guardiamarina Zañartu Airport, Puerto Williams, Chile 54°56′S 67°37′W
International airport Ushuaia – Malvinas Argentinas International Airport, Ushuaia, Argentina 54°50′S 068°17′W
Metro station Plaza de los Virreyes - Eva Perón in Buenos Aires, Argentina 34°38′34.9″S 58°27′41.8″W
Railway Southern Fuegian Railway (Ferrocarril Austral Fueguino) from Ushuaia to the Tierra del Fuego National Park in Argentina[22] 54°48′S 68°18′W
Suspension bridge Bodie Creek Suspension Bridge, Falkland Islands [23] 51.853912°S 59.017825°E / -51.853912; 59.017825 (Bodie Creek Suspension Bridge)
Underground station Parliament railway station, Melbourne 37°48′41″S 144°58′23″E

Recreation

Sport
Item Place Latitude/longitude
Bowling club Stewart Island Bowling Club, Oban, New Zealand[24] 46.899224°S 168.128746°E / -46.899224; 168.128746 (Stewart Island Bowling Club)
Ski resort Cerro Castor, Tierra del Fuego Province, Argentina[25] 54°43′S 68°00′W
Golf club Ushuaia Golf Club, Ushuaia, Argentina[26] 54.831183°S 68.417283°E / -54.831183; 68.417283 (Ushuaia Golf Club)

Religion
Item Place Latitude/longitude
Church (ice-made) Chapel of Our Lady of the Snows, Belgrano II Base, Antarctica[27][28] 77°52′S 34°37′W
Church (regular) Trinity Church, Antarctica (Russian Orthodox Church), King George Island, Antarctica[29] 62°12′S 58°58′W
Mormon church Puerto Williams, Chile[30] 54°56′S 67°37′W
Cathedral El Sagrado Corazón, Roman Catholic Diocese of Punta Arenas, Punta Arenas, Chile[31] 53°10′S 70°56′W
Hindu temple Centro Cultural y Templo Hindu, Punta Arenas, Chile[32] 53°10′S 70°56′W
Mosque Southland Muslim Association, Invercargill, New Zealand[33] 46°24′S 168°23′E
Synagogue Dunedin Synagogue, Dunedin, New Zealand[34][35] 45°52′S 170°30′E
Buddhist stupa the Enlightenment Stupa at Portobello, Dunedin, New Zealand[36] 45°51′S 170°39′E
Sikh Gurdwara New Zealand Sikh Society (Wellington), Lower Hutt, New Zealand[37] 41°12′S 174°57′E

Shops and service facilities
Item Place Latitude/longitude
Tourist office Puerto Williams,[38] Chile 54°55′59″S 67°37′00″W
Restaurant Lodge Lakutaia,[39]Puerto Williams, Chile 54.936789°S 67.613039°W / -54.936789; -67.613039
Cinema Jubany Base, Antarctic Peninsula 62°14′S 58°40′W
Public post office Port Lockroy, Goudier Island, Antarctica[40] 64°49′S 63°30′W
Bar Faraday Bar,[41] Vernadsky Research Base, Antarctica 65.245747°S 64.257391°W / -65.245747; -64.257391
Automated teller machine McMurdo Station, Antarctica[42] 77°51′S 166°40′E

International brand names
Item Place Latitude/longitude
Mobil gas station Invercargill, New Zealand 46°25′46″S 168°21′42″E [43]
H&M Christchurch, New Zealand 43°32′00″S 172°38′16″E [44]
Shell gas station Blackmans Bay, Tasmania, Australia 43°00′00″S 147°19′13″E [45]
7-Eleven Rosebud, Victoria, Australia 38°21′25″S 144°54′04″E [46]
ECCO Moorabbin, Melbourne, Australia 37°58′15″S 145°05′21″E [47]
IKEA Springvale, Melbourne, Australia 37°55′36″S 145°08′36″E

Franchised food brands
Item Place Latitude/longitude
Baskin-Robbins Camberwell, Melbourne, Australia 37.830423°S 145.056742°E / -37.830423; 145.056742
Wendy's Dunedin, New Zealand[48]
Domino's Pizza Invercargill, New Zealand 46.410355°S 168.347061°E / -46.410355; 168.347061
Starbucks Invercargill, New Zealand[49] 46.411950°S 168.349075°E / -46.411950; 168.349075
Burger King Invercargill, New Zealand[50] 46.413267°S 168.361750°E / -46.413267; 168.361750
KFC Invercargill, New Zealand 46.418758°S 168.361609°E / -46.418758; 168.361609
McDonald's Invercargill, New Zealand[51] 46.420921°S 168.361503°E / -46.420921; 168.361503
Subway Ushuaia, Argentina[52] 54.799533°S 68.279024°W / -54.799533; -68.279024

Gardens/parks, zoos and aquaria
Item Place Latitude/longitude
National park Cabo de Hornos National Park, Tierra Del Fuego, Chile 55°49′58″S 67°25′58″W
Penguin reserve Magdalena Island Penguin Reserve, Magdalena Island, Magallanes Region, Chile[53] 52°55′S 70°35′W
Aviary Dunedin Aviary, Dunedin, New Zealand 45°51′29″S 170°31′20″E
Botanical garden Dunedin Botanical Gardens, Dunedin, New Zealand 45°51′23″S 170°31′04″E

Other
Item Place Latitude/longitude
UNESCO world heritage site (natural) French Austral Land and Seas[54] 90°00′S 45°00′E (Southern Most Point)
UNESCO world heritage site (cultural) Cueva de las Manos, Argentina[55] 47°9′S 70°40′W
Opera house Opera House, Wellington, New Zealand 41.2915°S 174.7778°E / -41.2915; 174.7778 (Wellington Opera House)
Vineyard Grasshopper Rock, Earnscleugh, Otago, New Zealand[56] 45.253130°S 169.360105°E / -45.253130; 169.360105 (Grasshopper Rock)
Brewery Cerveza Artesanal Beagle, Ushuaia, Argentina[57] 54.789983°S 68.265745°W / -54.789983; -68.265745 (Cerveza Artesenal Beagle)
Lighthouse Monumental Cabo de Hornos, Hornos Island, Chile[58] 55°57′54″S 67°13′12″W
Bell tower First Church of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand[59] 45.8760°S 170.5047°E / -45.8760; 170.5047 (First Church of Otago)
Place of birth of a human (Emilio Marcos Palma (in 1978) and seven others) Esperanza Base, Antarctica[60] 63°24′S 57°00′W
Cemetery Buromskiy Island [61] 66°32′S 93°0′E
gollark: Including the experimental webmaze?
gollark: Only ironically.
gollark: Like I could have *sitemaps*.
gollark: I might have to differentiate you, also. Automatically.
gollark: Bruteforcing all domains MAY be considered mean.

See also

References
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  2. "Skuas - Wildlife of Antarctica - Antarctic Connection". Archived from the original on February 11, 2006.
  3. Fairbanks, Mailing Address: 101 Dunkel St Suite 110; Us, AK 99701 Phone: 907459-3730 Contact. "Amphibians 101 - Gates Of The Arctic National Park & Preserve (U.S. National Park Service)". www.nps.gov.
  4. "Antarctica: Marine Mammals". www.marinebio.net.
  5. Routti, Heli; Krafft, Bjørn A.; Herzke, Dorte; Eisert, Regina; Oftedal, Olav (February 1, 2015). "Perfluoroalkyl substances detected in the world's southernmost marine mammal, the Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii)". Environmental Pollution. 197: 62–67. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2014.11.026. PMID 25497307.
  6. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271714668_Stress_tolerance_in_a_polyextremophile_The_southernmost_insect
  7. Usher, Michael B.; Edwards, Marion (September 1, 1984). "A dipteran from south of the Antarctic Circle: Belgica antarctica (Chironomidae) with a description of its larva". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 23 (1): 19–31. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1984.tb00803.x – via academic.oup.com.
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  9. UA, Tempe company bring veggies to South Pole
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  11. Welch, Craig (July 2020). "The tree at the bottom of the world—and the wind-blasted trek to find it". National Geographic. Retrieved July 13, 2020.
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  15. : : Dirección de Bienestar de la Armada de Chile : :
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  24. Stewart Island bowling green opened - the world's southernmost green?
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  26. At the imposing Patagonian geography, the perfect combination of challenge and contemplation.
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  28. Mass at ice church in Belgrano II Base
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  54. Winners & Losers: Episode 4 - UNESCO World Heritage Sites, retrieved 2020-04-15
  55. World Heritage List and List of World Heritage Sites in the Americas
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  • Moore, D. M. (1983). Flora of Tierra del Fuego.
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