List of existing model dwellings

Model Dwellings were buildings or estates constructed, mostly during the Victorian era, along philanthropic lines to provide decent living accommodation for the working class. They were typically erected by private model dwellings companies and usually with the aim of making a return on investment hence the description of the movement as "five per cent philanthropy."[1] As such they were forerunners of modern-day municipal housing.

Peabody Square Model Dwellings in Blackfriars Road, Southwark.

This is a list of still-standing model dwellings, organised by builder. Most of these companies are now defunct; a few, such as the Peabody Trust are still operating and building new accommodation, and others have been subsumed by larger firms. This list covers urban development on the principal of "five per cent philanthropy"; for communities built to house workers for a particular trade or employer, see model village or company town.

Artizans, Labourers & General Dwellings Company

Main article: Artizans, Labourers & General Dwellings Company

The Artizans' Company (ALGDC) was established in 1867 by William Austin, becoming one of the largest of the model dwellings companies in the late Victorian era. It was best known for its large, low-rise, suburban estates in London. It was later subsumed into Sun Life Financial.

Name of dwelling	Location	Date of construction
Noel Park[2]	Wood Green, London	1882–1929
Pinnerwood Park[3]	Pinner, London	1932–1935
Queen's Park[4]	Kilburn, London	1874–1881
Shaftesbury Park[5]	Battersea, London	1872–1877
Leigham Court[6]	Streatham, London	1889–1928

Chester Cottage Improvement Company

The Chester Cottage Improvement Company was founded in 1892,[7] and was a particular concern of the Duke of Westminster.[8]

Name of dwelling	Location	Date of construction
Priory Place[9][10][11][11]	Chester, Cheshire	1898

East End Dwellings Company

Main article: East End Dwellings Company

The EEDC was founded by Samuel Barnett and others in 1882 in order to provide particularly for the area that is now the London Borough of Tower Hamlets.

Name of dwelling	Location	Date of construction
Museum House[12]	Burnham Road, Bethnal Green, London	1888
Dunstan Houses[13]	Stepney Green, London	1899
Thornhill Houses[14]	Thornhill Road, Barnsbury, London	1902
Whidborne Buildings[15]	Kings Cross, London	1890s

Edinburgh Co-Operative Building Company

The Edinburgh Co-Operative Building Company (ECBC) was founded by a group of stonemasons in Edinburgh in 1861. By 1872 they had built nearly 1,000 houses in six parts of Edinburgh and Leith,[16] commonly known as colony houses.

Name of dwelling	Location	Date of construction
Abbeyhill Colonies[17]	London Road, Abbeyhill, Edinburgh
Dalry Colonies[18]	Dalry, Edinburgh	1868–1870
Shaftesbury Park	Shandon, Edinburgh	1883–1904
Stockbridge Colonies[18]	Glenogle Road, Stockbridge, Edinburgh	1861–1867

Four Per Cent Industrial Dwellings Company

Evelina Mansions, Camberwell

Name of dwelling	Location	Date of construction
Stepney Green Court[19]	Stepney Green, London	1896
Navarino Mansions[20]	Dalston Lane, Hackney	1903-5
Mocatta House[21]	Brady Street, Whitechapel, London	1905
Evelina Mansions[22]	Camberwell, London	1900
Rebecca House[23]	Mile End, London	1933

Improved Industrial Dwellings Company

The Improved Industrial Dwellings Company (IIDC) was founded by the stationer (and later Lord Mayor) Sir Sydney Waterlow in 1863.

Name of dwelling	Location	Date of construction
Asmun's Hill cottages	Hampstead Garden Suburb, London	1909
Clarendon Buildings[24]	Balderton Street, Westminster, London	1872
Cobden Buildings[25]	King's Cross Road, London	1865
Cromwell Building[26]	Redcross Way, Camberwell, London	1864
Derby Buildings[27]	Wicklow Street, Camden Town, London	c.1865
Grosvenor Estate[28] (now operated by Peabody Trust)	Brownhart Gardens, Mayfair, London	1886–1982
Leopold Buildings[29]	Bakers Rents, Poplar, London	1872
Stanley Buildings[30]	Midland Road, Camden Town, London	1865
Tower Buildings[31]	Brewhouse Lane, Wapping, London	1864
Waterlow Court[32][33]	Hampstead Garden Suburb, London	1907–1909

Metropolitan Association for Improving the Dwellings of the Industrious Classes

Main article: Metropolitan Association for Improving the Dwellings of the Industrious Classes

Gibson Gardens, Stoke Newington

The MAIDIC was the first company to be formed for the specific purpose of providing model homes, in 1844. It built mainly within London.

Name of dwelling	Location	Date of construction
Albert Cottages[34]	Stepney, London	1858
Alexandra Cottages[35][36]	Penge, London	1866–1868
Gibson Gardens[37][38]	Stoke Newington, London	1880
Howard House[39][40]	Deal Street, Stepney, London	1864
Victoria Cottages[41]	Woodseer Street, Stepney, London	1864

Newcastle upon Tyne Improved Industrial Dwellings Company

Main article: Newcastle upon Tyne Improved Industrial Dwellings Company

The Newcastle upon Tyne Improved Industrial Dwellings Company (NUTIIDC) was founded by James Hall[42] in 1859.[43]

Name of dwelling	Location	Date of construction
Garth Heads Industrial Workers' Dwellings[44]	Byker, Newcastle-upon-Tyne	1869–1878

Peabody Trust

Main article: Peabody Trust

The first block of Peabody dwellings in Commercial Street, Spitalfields. A wood-engraving published in the Illustrated London News in 1863, shortly before the building opened.

Whitecross Street Peabody Estate

The Peabody Trust was set up following a huge gift for the poor of London from the banker George Peabody in 1862.[45] It became one of the largest providers of model housing for the working classes.

Name of dwelling	Location	Date of construction
Abbey Orchard Street Estate[46]	Victoria, London	1880s
Bethnal Green Peabody Estate[47]	Cambridge Crescent, Bethnal Green, London	1910
Coleshill Flats[48]	Mozart Terrace, Westminster, London	1871
Horseferry Peabody Estate[47]	Victoria, London	1922
Islington Peabody Estate[49][50]	Greenman Street, Islington, London	1864–6
Langley Mansions[47]	Langley Lane, Vauxhall, London	1900
Lawrence Street Peabody Estate[49]	Lawrence Street, Chelsea, London	1870
Old Pye Street Peabody Estate[47]	Victoria, London	1880s
Peabody Square[49]	Blackfriars Road, Bermondsey, London	1871
Pimlico Peabody Estate[47]	Peabody Avenue, Pimlico, London	1876
Poplar Peabody Estate[47]	Elf Row, Poplar, London	1866
Shadwell Peabody Estate[47]	Glamis Street, Stepney, London	1866
Spitalfields Peabody Dwellings[51][52]	Commercial Street, Spitalfields, London	1863–4
Tottenham Peabody Estate[47]	Lordship Lane, Tottenham, London	1907
Whitechapel Peabody Estate[47]	John Fisher Street, Whitechapel, London	1880s
Whitecross Street Peabody Estate[47]	Finsbury, London	1883
Wild Street Peabody Estate[47]	Drury Lane, Covent Garden, London

Pilrig Model Dwellings Company

This company was founded in Edinburgh in 1849 and built the earliest model dwellings (see colony houses) in Edinburgh. The work of the PMDC was an inspiration on Henry Roberts, who went on to become one of the most prolific architects of model housing.[53]

Name of dwelling	Location	Date of construction
Shaw Colonies[54][55][56]	Shaw's Place, Edinburgh, Scotland	1849–1862

Society for Improving the Condition of the Labouring Classes

The SICLC was one of the earliest model dwellings companies. It grew out of the Labourer's Friend Society into a housing provider in 1844 and built a number of properties in London, most of which no longer exist.

Name of dwelling	Location	Date of construction
Dimsdale Street (built to SICLC pattern for the Great Exhibition)	11 Cowbridge, Hertford, Hertfordshire	1852
Parnell House[57]	Streatham Street, Camden Town	1849
Turner Court[58][59]	St Luke's Street, Hull, East Riding of Yorkshire	1862

Others

A number of other schemes were built by private individuals or other concerns.

Name of dwelling	Location	Date of construction	Notes
Friary Close	Marmion Road, Portsmouth	1851	Gothic style. Architect Thomas Ellis Owen. Comprises 24 individual dwellings and one shop on the Friary Close frontage.[60]
New Court[61]	Streatley Place, Hampstead, London	1854	Block of 30 flats, built for Hugh Jackson, solicitor.
Rosebank Cottages	Edinburgh, Scotland	1854–1860	Built by Sir James Gowans[62] for "the better class of mechanics and others."[63][64] Modelled on the Pilrig cottages.[18]

See also

• Company town
• Model villages
• Model Dwellings Companies
• Prince Albert's Model Cottage

References

1. Tarn, JN (1973) Five Per Cent Philanthropy: an account of housing in urban areas between 1840 and 1914 London:CUP
2. Welch, Caroline (2006). Noel Park: A Social and Architectural History. London: Haringey Council Libraries, Archives & Museum Services
3. Harrow Council - Pinnerwood Park Estate Initial Consultation - Character Appraisal and Management Strategy Archived 25 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine
4. City of Westminster: The Queen's Park Estate Design Guide
5. Wandsworth Council - conservation area documentation
6. Lambeth Council conservation guidelines Archived 16 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine
7. Lewis, C.P. and Thacker, A.T. (eds.) "Topography 900-1914: Victorian and edwardian, 1840-1914" in A History of the County of Chester: Volume 5 part 1: The City of Chester: General History and Topography (2003), pp. 229-238. Date accessed: 1 April 2011
8. Savage, 'Working Class Standards of Living', 40; G. Huxley, Victorian Duke: Life of Hugh Lupus Grosvenor, First Duke of Westminster, 146
9. British Listed Buildings
10. British Listed Buildings
11. British Listed Buildings
12. Ann. Rep. of M.B.W. H.C. 157, p. 105 (1887), lxxi; ibid. H.C. 159, p. 13 (1888), lxxxvii; ibid. H.C. 326, p. 141 (1889), lxvi; G.L.R.O., MBW 2459/8. From: "Bethnal Green: Building and Social Conditions from 1876 to 1914" in Baker, T.F.T. (1998) A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 11: Stepney, Bethnal Green pp. 126-132 Date accessed: 1 April 2011
13. London Borough of Tower Hamlets: Stepney Green Conservation Area
14. Thornhill Houses Tenants and Residents Association
15. London Borough of Camden: King's Cross Voices
16. Resources for Learning in Scotland
17. Scotland's Places
18. Edinburgh Architecture
19. IDS Archived 25 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine
20. IDS Archived 25 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine
21. IDS Archived 25 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine
22. IDS Archived 14 March 2011 at the Wayback Machine
23. IDS Archived 25 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine
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28. British History Online
29. British Listed Buildings
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33. English Heritage
34. British Listed Buildings
35. Alexandra Cottages Residents Association
36. London Borough of Bromley Archived 20 November 2008 at the Wayback Machine
37. The Gibson Gardens History and Cookbook, Centerprise Trust, 1984 (ISBN 0-903738-65-1)
38. Robson, D. (1998) Gaslight on the Cobble: Family life in Gibson Gardens and Stoke Newington 1923-1955 Paz Publications (ISBN 0-9533954-0-5)
39. British History Online
40. British Listed Buildings
41. British Listed Buildings
42. Arcadja Auctions, portrait of the founder Accessed 01/04/2011
43. British Listed Buildings
44. English Heritage
45. Peabody Trust
46. City of Westminster Conservation Area Consultation
47. Peabody Trust
48. British Listed Buildings
49. "Peabody Trust". Archived from the original on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 31 March 2011.
50. Cosh, Mary. The Squares of Islington: Part II: Islington Parish. Islington: Islington Archaeology & History Society. pp. 133–6. ISBN 0950753262.
51. Bezodis, P.A.; Ison, W. (1957). "Commercial Street". Spitalfields and Mile End New Town. Survey of London. 27. London: London County Council. pp. 256–64.
52. This was the Peabody Trust's first block of dwellings, but was sold in the late 1970s (being much smaller than the later estates, and outdated in its facilities), and is now a private residential block named The Cloisters.
53. Roberts, H. (1861) Examples of Efforts in Scotland to Provide Improved Dwellings for the Working Classes. Transactions of the National Association for the Promotion of Social Science - p779ff
54. [Pilrig Model Dwellings Company Edinburgh Architecture]
55. Historic Environment Scotland. "1-28 (inclusive nos) Shaw's Street, 1-10 (inclusive nos) Shaw's Place and 1-18 (inclusive nos) Shaw's Terrace  (Category B) (LB45961)". Retrieved 19 March 2019.
56. British Listed Buildings
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59. HullWebs
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62. Dictionary of Scottish Architects
63. Historic Environment Scotland. "1-36 (inclusive nos) Rosebank Cottages, including Boundary Walls  (Category B) (LB29656)". Retrieved 19 March 2019.
64. British Listed Buildings