List of astronomers

The following are list of astronomers, astrophysicists and other notable people who have made contributions to the field of astronomy. They may have won major prizes or awards, developed or invented widely used techniques or technologies within astronomy, or are directors of major observatories or heads of space-based telescope projects.

The following is a list of notable astronomers.

NameCountryBornDiedNotable For
AryabhataIndia476550 Aryabhata correctly insisted that the earth rotates about its axis daily, and that the apparent movement of the stars is a relative motion caused by the rotation of the earth. Solar and lunar eclipses were scientifically explained by Aryabhata. Aryabhata calculated the sidereal rotation (the rotation of the earth referencing the fixed stars).
Sadr al-Shari'a al-AsgharUzbekistan?1346 He was a theoretical astronomer and religious scholar who created original and sophisticated astronomical theories of time and place, and under circumstances that have long been considered devoid of original scientific research.
Marc AaronsonUSA19501987 His work concentrated on three fields: the determination of the Hubble constant (H0) using the Tully-Fisher relation, the study of carbon rich stars, and the velocity distribution of those stars in dwarf spheroidal galaxies.

Aaronson was one of the first astronomers to attempt to image dark matter using infrared imaging. He imaged infrared halos of unknown matter around galaxies that could be dark matter.

Marcelo GleiserBrazil1959
Paulo R. HolvorcemBrazil1967
Norio KaifuJapan19432019Norio directed the construction of the Nobeyama Radio Observatory and the Subaru Telescope. He was also the director of the International Astronomical Union(IAU) from 2012 to 2015.[1]
Luís CrulsBrazil18481908
George Ogden AbellUSA19271983
Hiroshi AbeJapan1958
Antonio AbettiItaly18461928
Giorgio AbettiItaly18821982
Charles Greeley AbbotUSA18721973
Charles Hitchcock AdamsUSA18681951
John Couch AdamsUK18191892
Walter Sydney AdamsUSA18761956
Saul AdelmanUSA1944
Petrus AlphonsiSpain10621110
AgrippaGreecefl. ca. 92 Agrippa observed the occultation of a part of the Pleiades by the southernmost part of the Moon.
Paul Oswald AhnertGermany18971989
Eva Ahnert-RohlfsGermany19121954
George Biddell AiryUK18011892
Robert AitkenUSA18641951
Makio AkiyamaJapan1950
Al BattaniIraq850929
Albategnius (see Al-Batani)
Vladimir Aleksandrovich AlbitzkyRussia18911952
AlbumasarPersia787886
George AlcockUK19132000
Harold AldenUSA18901964
Hannes AlfvénSweden19081995
Lawrence H. AllerUSA19132003
Abd Al-Rahman Al SufiPersia903986
Viktor Amazaspovich AmbartsumianArmenia19121996
John August AndersonUSA18761959
Wilhelm AndersonEstonia18801940
Marie Henri AndoyerFrance18621929
Andronicus of CyrrhusGreecefl. ca. 100 BC
Anders Jonas ÅngströmSweden18141874
Eugène Michel AntoniadiGreece-France18701944
Masakatsu AokiJapan1957
Petrus ApianusGermany14951557
François AragoFrance17861853
Masaru AraiJapan1952
Hiroshi ArakiJapan
Sylvain ArendBelgium19021992
Friedrich Wilhelm ArgelanderGermany17991875
Aristarchus of SamosGreececa. 310 BCca. 230 BC
Christoph ArnoldGermany16501695
Halton Christian ArpUSA19272013
Svante ArrheniusSweden18591927
ArzachelSpain10281087
Asada GoryuJapan17341799
Atsuo AsamiJapan
Giuseppe AsclepiItaly17061776
Joseph AshbrookUSA19181980
Arthur AuwersGermany18381915
Adrien AuzoutFrance16221691
David AxonEngland19512012
BrahmaguptaIndia598668 CE
Bhaskara IIndia629 CE
Bhaskara IIIndia11141185
Walter BaadeGermany18931960
Harold D. BabcockUSA18821968
Horace W. BabcockUSA19122003
Oskar BacklundSweden18461916
John N. BahcallUSA19342005
Yoshiaki BannoJapan19521991
Benjamin BaillaudFrance18481934
Jules BaillaudFrance18761960
Jean-Baptiste BailleFrance18411918
Jean Sylvain BaillyFrance17361793
Francis BailyUK17741844
John BainbridgeUK15821643
John E. BaldwinUK19312010
Sallie BaliunasUSA1953
Zoltán BalogHungary/USA1972
Benjamin BannekerUSA17311806
Pietro BaracchiItaly Australia18511926
Beatriz BarbuyBrazil1950
Edward Emerson BarnardUSA18571923
Stefi BaumUSA1958
Julius BauschingerGermany18601934
Johann BayerGermany15721625
Antonín BečvářSlovakia19011965
Wilhelm BeerGermany17971850
Sergei Ivanovich BelyavskyRussia18831953
Charles L. BennettUSA1956
Jocelyn Bell BurnellUK1943
Friedrich Wilhelm BesselGermany17841846
Somnath BharadwajIndia1964
Wilhelm Freiherr von BielaAustria17821856
Ludwig BiermannGermany19071986
Wolf BickelGermany1942
Guillaume BigourdanFrance18511932
James BinneyUK1950
Al-BiruniKhwarezm/Persia9731048
Gennady S. Bisnovatyi-KoganRussia1941
Adriaan BlaauwNetherlands19142010
Nathaniel BlissUK17001764
Johann Elert BodeGermany17471826
Alfred BohrmannGermany19042000
Bart BokNetherlands19061983
Charles Thomas BoltonUSA1943
John Gatenby BoltonUK/Australia19221993
William Cranch BondUSA17891859
Thomas BoppUSA19492018
Alphonse BorrellyFrance18421926
Rudjer BoscovichDalmatia17111787
Lewis BossUSA18461912
Alexis BouvardFrance17671843
Rychard BouwensUSA1972
Edward L. G. BowellUSA1943
Ira Sprague BowenUSA18981973
Louis BoyerFrance19011999
Brian J. BoyleScotland and Australia1960
Ronald N. BracewellAustralia USA19212007
James BradleyUK16931762
William A. BradfieldNew Zealand Australia19272014
Tycho BraheDenmark15461601
John Alfred BrashearUSA18401920
William Robert BrooksUSA18441922
Theodor BrorsenDenmark18191895
Dirk BrouwerNetherlandsUSA19021966
Ernest William BrownUK18661938
Michael (Mike) E. BrownUSA1965
Hermann Alexander BrückGermany19052000
Ismael BullialdusFrance16051694
Margaret BurbidgeUKUSA19192020
Miriam BurlandCanada19021996
Robert Burnham Jr.USA19311993
Rosaly LopesBR1957
Sherburne Wesley BurnhamUSA18381921
Schelte J. BusUSA1956
Bimla ButiIndia1933
Alastair G. W. CameronCanada19252005
William Wallace CampbellUSA18621938
Annie Jump CannonUSA18631941
Luigi CarneraItaly18751962
Edwin Francis CarpenterUSA18981963
James CarpenterUK18401899
Richard Christopher CarringtonUK18261875
Sir John CarrollUK18991974
César-François Cassini de ThuryFrance17141784
Dominique, comte de CassiniFrance17481845
Giovanni Domenico CassiniFrance16251712
Jacques CassiniFrance16771756
Bonaventura CavalieriItaly15981647
Anders CelsiusSweden17011744
Vincenzo CerulliItaly18591927
Jean ChacornacFrance18231873
Merieme ChadidFrance1969
James ChallisUK18031882
Radha Gobinda ChandraBangladesh India18781975
Subrahmanyan ChandrasekharIndia USA19101995
Carl CharlierSweden18621934
Auguste CharloisFrance18641910
Lyudmila Ivanovna ChernykhRussia/Ukraine19352017
Nikolai Stepanovich ChernykhRussia/Ukraine19312004
James ChristyUSA1938
Edwin Foster CoddingtonUSA18701950
Jérôme Eugène CoggiaFrance18491919
Josep Comas i SolàSpain18681937
Andrew Ainslie CommonUK18411903
Guy ConsolmagnoUSA1952
Nicolaus CopernicusPrussia/Poland14731543 Copernicus discovered the heliocentric model of the solar system.
Corsono CarsonoSpain
Janine ConnesFrance1934
Pablo CottenotFrance
Heather CouperUK1949
Leopold CourvoisierSwitzerland18731955
Arthur Edwin CovingtonCanada19142001
Philip Herbert CowellUK18701949
Thomas George CowlingUK19061990
Andrew Claude de la Cherois CrommelinUK18651939
Luíz CrulsBrazil18481908
James CuffeyUSA19111999
Heber Doust CurtisUSA18721942
Alexander DalgarnoUSA19282015
Jacques Eugène d'AllonvilleFrance16711732
Andre Louis DanjonFrance18901967
Heinrich d'ArrestGermany18221875
George Howard DarwinUK18451912
Roger DaviesUK1954
Leonardo da VinciItaly14521519
William Rutter DawesUK17991868
Bernhard DawsonArgentina18901960
Leo de BallGermany Austria18531916
Henri DebehogneBelgium19282007
Annibale de GasparisItaly18191892
Jean Baptiste Joseph DelambreFrance17491822
Charles-Eugène DelaunayFrance18161872
Eugène Joseph DelporteBelgium18821955
Audrey C. DelsantiFrance1976
William Frederick DenningUK18481931
Alíz DerekasHungary1977
Henri-Alexandre DeslandresFrance18531948
Alexander Nikolaevich DeutschRussia19001986
Gérard de VaucouleursFrance USA19181995
Robert DickeUSA19161997
Terence DickinsonCanada1943
Thomas DiggesUK15461595
Herbert DingleUSA18901978
Andrea Di PaolaItaly1970
Ewine van DishoeckNetherlands1955
Helen Dodson PrinceUSA19052002
Giovanni Battista DonatiItaly18261873
Frank DrakeUSA1930
Henry DraperUSA18371882
John DreyerIreland18521926
Yuriy DrohobychUkraine14501494
Alexander D. DubyagoRussia19031959
Dmitrij I. DubyagoRussia18501918
Jean C. B. DufayFrance18961967
Raymond Smith DuganUSA18781940
James DunlopScotland17931848
Petar ĐurkovićSerbia19081981
Frank Watson DysonUK18681939
Arthur EddingtonUK18821944
Frank K. EdmondsonUSA19122008
Olin J. EggenUSA19191998
David J. EicherUSA1961
Albert EinsteinGermany18791955
Eise EisingaNetherlands17441828
Eric Walter ElstBelgium1936
Johann Franz EnckeGermany17911865
Kin EndateJapan1960
EratosthenesAlexandria276 BC194 BC
Emil ErnstGermany18891942
Ernest EsclangonFrance18761954
Fred EspenakUSA1953
Larry W. EspositoUSA1951
EudoxusCnidusca. 408 BCca. 355 BC
Robert EvansAustralia1937
David FabriciusNetherlands15641617
Sandra M. FaberUSA1945
Johannes FabriciusNetherlands15871615
Fearon FallowsUK17891831
Hervé FayeFrance18141902
Charles FehrenbachFrance19142008
FarghaniPersia800870
James FergusonUSA17971867
Alex FilippenkoUSA1958
Erwin Finlay-FreundlichGermany18851964
Axel FirsoffUK19101981
Debra FischerUSA
J. Richard FisherUSA1943
Camille FlammarionFrance18421925
Gabrielle Renaudot FlammarionFrance18671962
John FlamsteedUK16461719
Honoré FlaugerguesFrance17551835
Williamina FlemingUSA18571911
Wilhelm Julius FoersterGermany18321921
Alfred FowlerUK18681940
William Alfred FowlerUSA19111995
Philip FoxUSA18781944
Andrew FraknoiUSA1948
Joseph von FraunhoferGermany17871826
Herbert FriedmanUSA19162000
Dirk D. FrimoutBelgium1941
Edwin Brant FrostUSA18661935
Shigehisa FujikawaJapan
Naoshi FukushimaJapan19252003
Kiichirō FurukawaJapan19292016
Toshimasa FurutaJapan
Bryan GaenslerAustralia1973
Gan DeChinafl. 4th century BC
Galileo GalileiItaly15641642
Julio Garavito ArmeroColombia18651920
Gordon J. GarraddAustralia1959
Ben GascoigneNew Zealand Australia19152010
Margaret GellerUnited States1947
Gautama SiddhaChinafl. 8th century AD
Johann Gottfried GalleGermany18121910
George GamowRussia USA19041968
Carl Friedrich GaussGermany17771855
Tom GehrelsUSA1957
Robert GendlerUSA1957
Andrea M. GhezUSA1965
Riccardo GiacconiItaly19312018
Michel GiacobiniFrance18731938
Henry L. GiclasUSA19102007
David GillUK18431914
Ian GlassIreland/South Africa1939
Thomas GoldUSA19202004
Leo GoldbergUSA19131987
Peter GoldreichUSA1939
Hermann GoldschmidtGermany18021866
François GonnessiatFrance18561934
John GoodrickeUK17641786
Alyssa A. GoodmanUSA1962
Abu Sa'id GorganiPersia9th century
Paul GötzGermany18831962
Benjamin Apthorp GouldUSA18241896
Andrew GrahamIreland18151907
Charles GreenEngland17351771
Jesse GreensteinUSA19092002
John GrunsfeldUSA1956
Jay U. GunterUnited States19111994
Alexander A. GurshteinRussia1937
Bengt GustafssonSweden1943
Guo ShoujingChina12311316
Alan Harvey GuthUSA1947
Yusuke HagiharaJapan18971979
Alan HaleUSA1958
George Ellery HaleUSA18681938
Asaph HallUSA18291907
Edmond HalleyEngland16561742
Erika HamdenUSA?
Heidi HammelUSA1960
Mario HamuyChile1960
Peter Andreas HansenDenmark17951874
Abulfazl HarawiPersia10th century
Karl Ludwig HardingGermany17651834
Thomas HariotUK15601621
Guillermo HaroMexico19131988
Robert George HarringtonUSA19041987
Robert Sutton HarringtonUSA19421993
Edward Robert HarrisonUK USA19172007
William Kenneth HartmannUSA1939
Lisa Harvey-SmithAustralia1979
Takeo HatanakaJapan19141963
Stephen HawkingUK19422018
Will HayUK18881949
Chushiro HayashiJapan19202010
Otto Hermann Leopold HeckmannGermany19011983
E. Ruth HedemanUSA19102006
Carl HeilesUSA1939
Joseph HelffrichGermany18721971
Eleanor HelinUSA19322009
Maximilian HellAustria-Hungary17201792
Karl Ludwig HenckeGermany17931866
Thomas HendersonScotland17981844
Paul HenryFrance18481905
Prosper HenryFrance18491903
Abraham bar HiyyaSpanish Jewish10701136
George Howard HerbigUSA19202013
Carl W. HergenrotherUSA1973
Caroline HerschelUK17501848
John HerschelUK17921871
William HerschelUK/Germany17381822
Ejnar HertzsprungDenmark18731967
Johannes HeveliusPoland16111687
Antony HewishUK1924
George William HillUSA18381914
John Russell HindUK18231895
HipparchusNicaeaca. 190 BC120 BC
Masanori HirasawaJapan
Kiyotsugu HirayamaJapan18741943
Shin HirayamaJapan18681945
Gustave-Adolphe HirnFrance18151890
Sebastian von HoernerGermany19192003
Cuno HoffmeisterGermany18921968
Dorrit HoffleitUSA19072007
Helen Sawyer HoggCanada19051993
Minoru HondaJapan19171990
Kamil HornochCzech Republic1972
Jeremiah HorrocksUKca. 16191641
Ingrid van Houten-GroeneveldNetherlands19212015
Martin van den HoveNetherlands16051639
Herbert Alonzo HoweUnited States18581926
Fred HoyleUK19152001
Edwin Powell HubbleUSA18891953
William HugginsUK18241910
Russell Alan HulseUSA1950
Hendrik Christoffel van de HulstNetherlands19182000
Milton Lasell HumasonUSA18911972
Thomas John HusseyEngland17921854
Christiaan HuygensNetherlands16291695
Yuji HyakutakeJapan19502002
Josef Allen HynekUSA19101986
Christopher HansteenNorway17841873
Icko Iben Jr.USA1931
Kaoru IkeyaJapan1943
Chris ImpeyUK/USA1956
Robert Thorburn Ayton InnesScotland/South Africa18611933
Shigeru InodaJapan19552008
Jamal Nazrul IslamBangladesh19392013
Edward IsraelUSA18591884
Iwahashi ZenbeiJapan17561811
Masayuki IwamotoJapan1954
Shun-ei IzumikawaJapan
Cyril V. JacksonSouth Africa19031988
Karan JaniIndia1988
Pierre Jules César JanssenFrance18241907
James JeansUK18771946
Benjamin JekhowskyRussia France Algeria18811953
Louise Freeland JenkinsUSA18881970
David C. JewittUK1958
Jiao BingzhenChina16891726
John A. JohnsonUSA1977
Alfred Harrison JoyUSA18821973
Vinod JohriIndia19352014
Ali KuşçuTürkiye14031474
Tetsuo KagawaJapan1969
Franz KaiserGermany18911962
Piet van de KampNetherlands/USA19011995
Kiyotaka KanaiJapan1951
Hiroshi KanedaJapan1953
Henry KandrupUSA19552003
Jacobus KapteynNetherlands18511922
Lyudmila KarachkinaUkraine1948
Ghiyath al-KashiPersia13801429
Jeffrey Owen KatzUSA1960
Karlis KaufmanisLatvia/United States19102003
Kōyō KawanishiJapan1959
Nobuhiro KawasatoJapan
James Edward KeelerUSA18571900
Paul KempfGermany18561920
Johannes KeplerGermany15711630
Omar KhayyámPersia10481131
Al-KhujandiPersia10th century
Muhammad ibn Mūsā al-KhwārizmīPersia780850
KidinnuBabylon4th century BCd. 330 BC?
Hisashi KimuraJapan18701943
Maria Margarethe KirchGermany16701720
Daniel KirkwoodUSA18141895
Robert KirshnerUSA1949
Minoru KizawaJapan1947
Ernst Friedrich Wilhelm KlinkerfuesGermany18271884
Viktor KnorreRussia18401919
Takao KobayashiJapan1961
Toru KobayashiJapan
Luboš Kohoutek1935
Masahiro KoishikawaJapan1952
Nobuhisa KojimaJapan1933
Takuo KojimaJapan1955
Yoji KondoJapan1933
Zdeněk KopalCzech Republic UK USA19141993
August KopffGermany18821960
Korado KorlevićCroatia1958
Hiroki KosaiJapan1933
Charles T. KowalUSA1940
Robert KraftUSA19272015
Ľubor KresákSlovakia19271994
Heinrich KreutzGermany18541927
Edwin C. KruppUSA1944
Kazuo KubokawaJapan19031943
Marc KuchnerUSA1972
Gerard KuiperNetherlands USA19051973
Donald KurtzUSA1948
Reiki KushidaJapan
Yoshio KushidaJapan1957
György KulinAustria-Hungary19051989
LagadhaIndia1st millennium BCE
Nicolas Louis de LacailleFrance17131762
Elizabeth LadaUSA
Claes-Ingvar LagerkvistSweden1944
Joseph-Louis LagrangeFrance17361813
Jérôme LalandeFrance17321807
Johann Heinrich LambertFrance Germany17281777
David J. LaneCanada1963
Andrew E. LangeUnited States19572010
Samuel Pierpont LangleyUSA18341906
Pierre-Simon LaplaceFrance17491827
Jacques LaskarFrance1955
William LassellUK17991880
Joseph Jean Pierre LaurentFrance
Henrietta Swan LeavittUSA18681921
Typhoon LeeUSA Taiwan
Guillaume Le GentilFrance17251792
Georges LemaîtreBelgium18941966
Pierre LemonnierFrance17151799
Frederick C. LeonardUSA18961960
Armin LeuschnerU.S.18681953
Geraint LewisAustralia1969
Urbain Le VerrierFrance18111877
Li FanChinafl. 1st century AD
Bertil LindbladSweden18951965
Adolph Friedrich LindemannGermany UK18461927
Chris LintottUK1980
Joseph Johann LittrowAustria17811840
Karl L. LittrowAustria18111877
Liu XinChinafl. 1st century AD
Joseph LockyerUK18361920
Maurice LoewyAustria France18331907
Christian Sørensen LongomontanusDenmark15621647
Bernard LovellUK19132012
Percival LowellUSA18551916
Ángel LópezSpain1955
Álvaro López-GarcíaSpain
John William LubbockUK18031865
Knut LundmarkSweden18891958
Robert LutherGermany18221900
Lupitus of BarcelonaSpain
Jane LuuSouth Vietnam USA1965
Willem LuytenDutch East Indies Netherlands18991994
Donald Lynden-BellUK1935
Andrew LyneUK1942
Bernard LyotFrance18971952
Mahendra SuriIndia14th century CE
Ma YizeChina9101005
Adriaan van MaanenUSA18841946
George Parker 2nd Earl of MacclesfieldUKc. 16971764
Amy MainzerUSA1974
Steve MandelUSA
Geoff MarcyUSA1954
Simon MariusGermany15731624
Brian G. MarsdenUSA19372010
Albert MarthGermany18281897
Nevil MaskelyneUK17321811
Charles MasonUK USA17301787
John C. MatherUSA1946
Janet Akyüz MatteiTurkey USA19432004
Edward Walter MaunderUK18511928
Pierre Louis MaupertuisFrance16981759
Alain MauryFrance1958
Matthew Fontaine MauryUSA18061873
Brian MayUK1947
Cornell MayerUnited States19222005
Tobias MayerGermany17231762
Michel MayorSwitzerland1942
Christopher McKeeUSA1942
Robert S. McMillanUSA
William H. McCreaUK19041999
Bruce A. McIntoshCanada1929
Robert H. McNaughtAustralia
Pierre MéchainFrance17441804
Thebe MedupeSouth Africa
Karen Jean MeechUSA1959
Aden Baker MeinelUSA19222011
Fulvio MeliaUSA1956
Philibert Jacques MelotteUK18801961
Paul Willard MerrillUSA18871961
David MerrittUSA
Charles MessierFrance17301817
Joel Hastings MetcalfUSA18661925
Andreas Gerasimos MichalitsianosUSA19471997
John MichellUK17241793
Elia MillosevichItaly18481919
Edward Arthur MilneUK18961950
Rudolph MinkowskiGermany18951976
Marcel Gilles Jozef MinnaertBelgium Netherlands18931970
Maria MitchellUSA18181889
Seidai MiyasakaJapan1955
Yoshikane MizunoJapan
August Ferdinand MöbiusGermany17901868
Anthony MoffatCanada
Johan Maurits MohrNetherlands17161775
Samuel MolyneuxUK16891728
Geminiano MontanariItaly16331687
Patrick MooreUK19232012
William Wilson MorganUSA19061994
Hiroshi MoriJapan1958
Amédée MouchezFrance18211892
Antonín MrkosCzech Republic19181996
Jean MuellerUSA1950
Masaru MukaiJapan1949
Gustav MüllerGermany18511925
Johannes MüllerGermany14361476
Harutaro MurakamiJapan18721947
Osamu MuramatsuJapan1949
bin Musa AhmadPersia805873
bin Musa HasanPersia810873
bin Musa MuhammadPersia(800873
Nils MustelinFinland19312004
Nilakantha SomayajiIndia14441544
Valentin NabothGermany Italy15231593
NaburimannuBabyloniasometime between 6th century BC and 2nd century BC
Takeshi NagataJapan19131991
Ahmad NahavandiPersia7th–8th century
Akimasa NakamuraJapan1961
Syuichi NakanoJapan1947
Jayant NarlikarIndia1938
NaubakhtPersiad. 776
David NaylorCanada
Al-fadl ibn NaubakhtPersia8th century
Otto NeugebauerGermany USA18991990
Grigoriy Nikolaevich NeujminRussia18861946
Simon NewcombUSA18351909
Isaac NewtonUK16431727
Seth Barnes NicholsonUSA18911963
Albertus Antonie NijlandNetherlands18681936
Tsuneo NiijimaJapan1955
Peter NilsonSweden19371998
Hōei NojiriJapan18851977
Jaime NomenSpain
Toshiro NomuraJapan1954
Knut Jørgen Røed ØdegaardNorway1966
Okuro OikawaJapan18961970
Tarmo OjaSweden
Tomimaru OkuniJapan1931
Nicolaus OlahusHungarian14931568
Heinrich Wilhelm Matthäus OlbersGermany17581840
Gerard O'NeillUSA19271992
Jan Hendrik OortNetherlands19001992
Pieter OosterhoffNetherlands19041978
Ernst ÖpikEstonia Ireland18931985
José Luis Ortiz MorenoSpain
Yoshiaki OshimaJapan
Donald Edward OsterbrockUSA19242007
Liisi OtermaFinland19152001
Satoru OtomoJapan1957
Jean Abraham Chrétien OudemansNetherlands18271906
Rafael PachecoSpain
Bohdan PaczyńskiPoland19402007
Ľudmila PajdušákováSlovakia19161979
Johann PalisaAustria18481925
Johann PalitzschGermany17231788
Anton PannekoekNetherlands18731960
Eugene ParkerUSA1927
George Parker 2nd Earl of MacclesfieldUKc. 16971764
William Parsons (Lord Rosse)Ireland18001867
André PatryFrance19021960
Cecilia Payne-GaposchkinUK USA19001979
Ruby Payne-ScottAustralia19121981
James PeeblesCanada USA1935
Leslie Copus PeltierUSA19001980
Roger PenroseUK1931
Arno PenziasUSA Germany1933
Saul PerlmutterUSA
Charles Dillon PerrineUSA Argentina18671951
Henri Joseph Anastase PerrotinFrance18451904
Christian Heinrich Friedrich PetersGermany USA18131890
George Henry PetersUSA18631947
Mark M. PhillipsUSA1951
Giuseppe PiazziItaly17461826
Edward Charles PickeringUSA18461919
William Henry PickeringUSA18581938
Maynard PittendreighUSA1954
Phil PlaitUSA
Giovanni Antonio Amedeo PlanaItaly17811864
Petrus PlanciusNetherlands15521622
John Stanley PlaskettCanada18651941
Norman Robert PogsonUK18291891
Christian PollasFrance
John PondEngland17671836
Jean-Louis PonsFrance17611831
Carolyn PorcoUSA1953
Vladimír PorubčanSlovakia1940
Charles PritchardUK18081893
Richard ProctorEngland18371888
Milorad B. ProtićSerbia19112001
Ptolemy of AlexandriaRoman Egyptca. 85165
Pierre PuiseuxFrance18551928
Georg PurbachGermany14231461
Pythagoras of SamosGreece580 BC500 BC
Paris PişmişArmenia/Mexico19111999
Adolphe QueteletBelgium17961874
Ali QushjiOttoman14031474
M. Shahid QureshiPakistan
David Lincoln RabinowitzUSA1960
Narayan Chandra RanaIndia19541996 [2]
Grote ReberUSA19112002
Martin ReesUK1942
Hubert ReevesCA1932
Johannes MüllerGermany14361476
Julius ReicheltGermany16371717
Erasmus ReinholdPrussia Germany15111553
Karl ReinmuthGermany18921979
Pieter Johannes van RhijnNetherlands18861960
Giovanni Battista RiccioliItaly15981671
Jean RicherFrance16301696
Edward RiddleEngland17881854
Adam RiessUSA
Fernand RigauxBelgium19051962
George Willis RitcheyUSA18641945
David RittenhouseUSA17321796
Hans-Walter RixGermany1964
Carmelle RobertCanada1962
Arjen RoelofsNetherlands17541824
Elizabeth RoemerUSA19292016
Gustavo E. RomeroArgentina1964
Roger of HerefordEnglandc. 11761198
Nancy G. RomanUSA19252018
Ole Christensen RømerDenmark16441710
Otto A. RosenbergerGermany18001890
Svein RosselandNorway18941985
Bruno RossiItaly19051993
Laurie Rousseau-NeptonCanada
Vera RubinUSA1928
Henry Chamberlain RussellAustralia18361907
Henry Norris RussellUSA18771957
Martin RyleUK19181984
Sir Edward SabineIreland17881883
Carl SaganUSA19341996
Megh Nad SahaIndia18931956
Edwin Ernest SalpeterAustria Australia USA19242008
Allan Rex SandageUSA19262010
Hendricus Gerardus van de Sande BakhuyzenNetherlands18381923
Wallace Leslie William SargentUK USA19352012
Anneila SargentUK USA1942
Naoto SatoJapan1953
Alexandre SchaumasseFrance18821958
Giovanni SchiaparelliItaly18351910
Frank SchlesingerUSA18711943
Bernhard SchmidtEstonia Sweden Germany18791935
Brian P. SchmidtUSA1967
Maarten SchmidtNetherlands1929
Robert SchommerUSA19462001
Johann Hieronymus SchröterGermany17451816
Lipót SchulhofHungary18471921
Heinrich Christian SchumacherGermany17801850
Hans-Emil SchusterGermany1934
Samuel Heinrich SchwabeGermany17891875
Karl SchwarzschildGermany18731916
Martin SchwarzschildGermany USA19121997
Friedrich Karl Arnold SchwassmannGermany18701964
James Vernon ScottiUSA1960
Frederick Hanley SearesUSA18731964
George Mary SearleUSA18391918
Angelo SecchiItaly18181878
Sadao SeiJapan
Waltraut SeitterGermany19302007
Tsutomu SekiJapan1930
Carl Keenan SeyfertUSA19111960
Grigory Abramovich ShajnRussia18921956
Pelageya Fedorovna ShajnRussia18941956
Harlow ShapleyUSA18851972
Richard SheepshanksUK17941855
Shen KuoChina10311095
Shi ShenChinafl. 4th century BC
Shibukawa ShunkaiJapan16391715
Yoshisada ShimizuJapan
Shinzo ShinjoJapan18731938
Qutb eddin ShiraziPersia12361311
Iosif Samuilovich ShklovskyRussia19161985
Vladimir ShkodrovBulgaria19302010
Carolyn Jean Spellmann ShoemakerUSA1929
Eugene Merle ShoemakerUSA19281997
Edward M. SionUSA1946
Willem de SitterNetherlands18721934
Charlotte Moore SitterlyUSA18981990
Brian A. SkiffUSA
John Francis SkjellerupAustralia South Africa18751952
Vesto Melvin SlipherUSA18751969
William Marshall SmartUK18891975
Tamara Mikhaylovna SmirnovaRussia1918
George SmootUSA1945
William Henry SmythUK17881865
SnellNetherlands15801626
Mary Fairfax SomervilleUK17801872
Sir James SouthUK17851867
Sir Harold Spencer JonesUK18901960
Lyman SpitzerUSA19141997
Friederich Wilhelm Gustav SpörerGermany18221895
Rainer SpurzemGermany1956
Anton StausGermany18721955
Joel StebbinsUSA18781966
Johan SteinNetherlands18711951
Karl August von SteinheilGermany18011870
Édouard StephanFrance18371923
David J. StevensonNew Zealand1948
Edward James StoneEngland18311897
F. J. M. StrattonUK18811960
Bengt Georg Daniel StrömgrenDenmark19081987
Friedrich Georg Wilhelm (von) StruveGermany Russia17931864
Karl Hermann StruveRussia Germany18541920
Gustav Wilhelm Ludwig StruveRussia18581920
Otto StruveRussia USA18971963
Otto Wilhelm (von) StruveRussia18191905
Su SongChina10201101
Abd Al-Rahman Al SufiPersia903986
Matsuo SuganoJapan
Atsushi SugieJapan
Nicholas SuntzeffUSA1952
Rashid Alievich SunyaevUzbekistan Russia Germany1943
Shohei SuzukiJapan
Lewis A. SwiftUSA18201913
Frédéric SyFrance
Samad RizviPakistan19242009
Akihiko TagoJapan1932
Atsushi TakahashiJapan
Kesao TakamizawaJapan1952
Jill TarterUSA1944
Joseph Hooton Taylor Jr.USA1941
John TebbuttAustralia18341916
Ernst Wilhelm Leberecht TempelGermany18211889
Thabit ibn QurraIraq826901
Thorvald Nicolai ThieleDenmark18381910
Louis ThollonFrance18291887
Norman G. ThomasUSA
John ThomeUSA Argentina18431908
Kip Stephen ThorneUSA1940
Friedrich TietjenGermany18341895
Beatrice Muriel Hill TinsleyNew Zealand USA19411981
François Félix TisserandFrance18451896
Johann Daniel TitiusGermany17291796
Yasuo TanakaJapan
Clyde W. TombaughUSA19061997
Kōichirō TomitaJapan19252006
Richard TouseyUSA19081997
Charles TownesUSA19152015
Virginia TrimbleUSA1943
Chad TrujilloUSA1973
Robert Julius TrumplerUSA18861956
R. Brent TullyUSA
Herbert Hall TurnerEngland18611930
Nasir al-Din TusiPersia12011274
Horace Parnell TuttleUSA18391923
Neil deGrasse TysonUSA1958
Seiji UedaJapan1952
Ulugh BegPersia13941449
Antonio de UlloaSpain17161795
Albrecht UnsöldGermany19051995
Takeshi UrataJapan
Mu’ayyad al-Din al-’UrdiPersiac. 12001266
Fumiaki UtoJapan
Yrjö VäisäläFinland18911971
Benjamin ValzFrance17871867
James Van AllenUSA19142006
George Van BiesbroeckBelgium USA18801974
Hendrik Christoffel van de HulstNetherlands19182000
Peter van de KampUSA19011995
Sidney van den BerghCanada1929
Martin van den HoveNetherlands16051639
Hendricus Gerardus van de Sande BakhuyzenNetherlands18381923
Hendrik van GentNetherlands South Africa19001947
Cornelis Johannes van HoutenNetherlands19202002
Pieter Johannes van RhijnNetherlands18861960
Gérard de VaucouleursFrance USA19181995
Zdeňka VávrováCzech Republic or Slovakia
Jean-Pierre VerdetFrance1932
Philippe VéronFrance1939
Frank Washington VeryUnited States18521927
Yvon VillarceauFrance18131883
Julie Vinter HansenDenmark18901960
Hermann Carl VogelGermany18411907
Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von StruveGermany Russia17931864
Otto Wilhelm von StruveRussia18191905
Alexander N. VyssotskyRussia USA18881973
Emma VyssotskyUSA18941975
Arno Arthur WachmannGermany19021990
Abul WáfaPersia940997/998
Walcher of MalvernEngland1135
George WallersteinUSA1930
William WalesUKca. 17341798
Qingde WangUSA/China
Kazuro WatanabeJapan1955
James Craig WatsonUSA18381880
Edmund WeaverUK16631748
Kim WeaverUSA1969
Thomas William WebbUK18071885
Alfred Lothar WegenerGermany18801930
Gary A. WegnerUSA1944
Wei PuChinafl. 11th century
Karl von WeizsäckerGermany19122007
Godefroy WendelinBelgium15801667
Richard M. WestDenmark1941
Gart WesterhoutNetherlands USA19272012
Bengt WesterlundSweden19212008
J. G. WestphalGermany
Johann Heinrich WestphalGermany Italy17941831
George WetherillUSA19252006
John Archibald WheelerUSA19112008
Fred Lawrence WhippleUSA19062004
Albert WhitfordUSA19052002
Mary Watson WhitneyUSA18471921
Chandra WickramasingheUK1939
Paul WildSwitzerland19252014
Olin C. WilsonUSA19091994
Rogier WindhorstUSA1955
Robert WilsonUSA1936
Vincent WingUK16191668Author of the Astronomia Britannica (published in 1669).
John WinthropMassachusetts Bay Colony17141779
Friedrich August Theodor WinneckeGermany18351897
Carl WirtanenUSA19101990
Jack WisdomUSA
Gustav WittGermany18661946
Maximilian WolfGermany18631932
Aleksander WolszczanPoland1946
Richard van der Riet WoolleyUK19061986
Thomas WrightUK17111786
Issei YamamotoJapan18891959
Masayuki YanaiJapan1959
Yi XingChina683727
Anne Sewell YoungUSA18711961
Charles Augustus YoungUSA18341908
James Whitney YoungUSA1941
Franz Xaver von ZachGermany17531832
Abraham ZacutoSpain Portugal14501510
John ZarneckiUK1949
Yakov Borisovich Zel'dovichUSSR19141987
Zhang DaqingChina1969
Zhang HengChina78139
Zhang YuzheChina19021986
Lyudmila Vasil'evna ZhuravlevaRussia Ukraine1946
Felix ZiegelSoviet Union19201988
Zu ChongzhiChina429500
Fritz ZwickySwitzerland USA18981974

In alphabetical order:

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

Y

Z

Others who influenced astronomy and astrophysics

The following is a list of people who are not astronomers but made a contribution to the field of astronomy and astrophysics.

gollark: I don't think they can crack them "if needed" given modern forward-secrecy-capable TLS stuff.
gollark: I'm at least pretty confident that the NSA doesn't have access to communication between osmarks.tk and anyone who's using a modern browser to access it.
gollark: Oh. Aren't they quite large?
gollark: <@!356107472269869058> What did you want to host on git.osmarks.tk anyway?
gollark: Anyway, if you want, "Gnobody", you can make an account and create repositrons™.

References

  1. "International Astronomical Union | IAU". www.iau.org. Retrieved 2019-04-12.
  2. "E Paper". epaper.thestatesman.com. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 5 February 2017.

See also

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