List of Muslim military leaders

Entries in this chronological list of Muslim military leaders are accompanied by dates of birth and death, branch of Islam, country of birth, field of study, campaigns fought and a short biographical description. The list includes notable conquerors, generals and admirals from early Islamic history to the 21st century.

Muslim military leaders
  • Ali ibn Abi Talib, one of the earliest followers and the cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad. Known as " The Lion of Allah" He participated in most of the battles during the lifetime of Muhammad. He was the fourth caliph of the Rashidun caliphate.
  • Umar ibn Khattab, Umar, also spelled Omar, was one of the most powerful and influential Muslim caliphs in history. He was a senior companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. He was The Second Caliph Of Islam
  • Khalid ibn al-Walid (585–642): Also known as "The Sword of God", he participated in several dozen battles during the conquest of the Arabian Peninsula, the Ridda Wars, and Islamic conquests of Persia and Syria, including the Yamamah, Firaz, and Yarmouk.[1]
  • Saʿd ibn Abī Waqqās (595-674): A commander involved in leading the Muslim conquest of Persia
  • Hasan ibn Ali The son of Ali-ibn-Abu Talib, was the 2 Imam of Islam was truly loved by Muhammad. Hassan was poisoned to death. His dead body was shot by arrows until he bled. Hasan was known for donating to the poor, his kindness to the poor and bondmen, and for his knowledge, tolerance and bravery. Hassan is buried in a cemetery called Janat ul Baqi in Madina.
  • Hamza ibn Abdul-Muttalib c.566–625: Also known as " Lion of God", Muhammad gave him the title Sayyid-ush-Shuhda ("Chief of the Martyrs").
  • Husayn ibn Ali 8 January 626–10 October 680: He was the son of Ali Ibni Talib and a grandson of Muhammad, who refused to pledge allegiance to Yazid. On 10 October 680 (Muharram 10, 61 AH), he and a small group including his family members of followers fought a large army. Husayn and all of his men were beheaded at the Battle of Karbala, he fought chivalrously and bravely, against almost 4,000-30,000 Umayyad soldier. He participated in his fathers' battles such as Nahrawan and Siffin and Battle of the Camel etc.. He was known for his patience, kindness, and generosity. He is buried in Karbala where more than 500,000 people go to pay respects at his grave during Muhharam
  • Abbas ibn Ali
  • 'Amr ibn al-'As (592–664) day: Known as a shrewd politician and general, he is most noted for leading the Muslim conquest of Egypt in 640.
  • Uqba bin Nafe: He led a Muslim army in northern Africa.
  • Musa bin Nusair 640–716: An Umayyad governor and general in North Africa.
  • Al-Hajjaj bin Yousef 661–714: An Umayyad administrator of Iraq.
  • Al-Muthanna ibn Haritha was a Muslim Arab general in the army of the Rashidun Caliphate.
  • Al-Qaqa ibn Amr al-Tamimi was an Arab general in the army of the Rashidun Caliphate.
  • Mukhtar al-Thaqafi c.622– March 687: Born in al-Ṭaʾif, now in Saudi Arabia, he was an early Shia Islamic revolutionary based in Kufa, Iraq, who led an abortive rebellion against the Umayyad Caliphs in vengeance for the death of Husayn ibn 'Ali at the Battle of Karbala
  • Nusaybah Bint Ka'ab, She was the first women Muslim warrior, fought various battles, protected prophet Muhammad during Battle of Uhud

8th century
  • Tariq ibn-Ziyad d.720: An Amazigh (Berber) general who converted to Islam after the Arab conquest, he later led the Muslim army which conquered Hispania.
  • Abdul Rahman Al Ghafiqi: A Spanish Umayyad general born in Yemen who fought Charles Marteltwice in France in the battles of Tours and Narbonne, and was defeated in both engagements.
  • Abd-ar-Rahman bin Muawiyah ad-Dakhil (731-788): Founder of the Umayyad rule in Spain, he escaped from the Abbasids in Damascus and through North Africa reached Iberia, where he used the regional dissension against Yusuf al-Fihri to his advantage and defeated him, taking control of the entire peninsula.
  • Zaid ibn Ali: An Arab who fought the Banu Umayyad.
  • Muhammad bin Qasim: 695–715: An early Arab General who captured Sind and Multan and parts of Punjab in Pakistan.
  • Isma'il ibn Jafar: An Arab who fought the Banu Umayyad.
  • Marwan II Last Umayyad Caliph and a military leader
  • Qutaibah bin Muslim: An Arab Muslim general who captured Transoxiana.
  • Abu Muslim, the Persian Abbasid general who toppled the Umayyad dynasty
  • As-Saffah Abbasid Caliph, founder of Abbasid Dynasty and a military leader.
  • Al-Mansur Abbasid Caliph and a powerful military leader.
  • Al-Mahdi Abbasid Caliph and a powerful military leader.

9th century

10th century

11th century
  • Alp Arslan
  • Tughril Beg: founder of the Seljuq Dynasty.
  • Yusuf ibn Tashfin: founder of the Almoravid Dynasty in the Islamic West, he secured several decisive military victories against the Christians in Al-Andalus and was able to reunify it under his rule after a period of internal fragmentation known as Muluk Al-Tawaif.

12th century
Saladin and Guy of Lusignan after Battle of Hattin

13th century

14th century
  • Tamerlane (Taimur Lame or Timur) 1370–1405: Conqueror of the Middle East and founder of the Timurid dynasty.
  • Bayezid I: The victor at the Battle of Nicopolis
  • Karam Ali Alavi:Karam Ali Alavi was a 14th-century General in the Mughal army. Karam was a descendant of a 10th-century Sufi saint named Sayyid Awn Qutbh Shah Al Baghdadi. Sayyid was the direct descendant of the 4th Islamic Calipha Ali ibn Abu Talib through his son Abbas ibn Ali.Karam was renowned for his bravery in the battle field. He had led many campaigns against the Rajput kingdoms.Karam was a descendant of the famous Khilji commander Abbas Sani Alavi who led couple of successful campaigns against the Mongols.It is believed to have said Karam passed away at the age of 87 in the city of Chakwal (Modern day Pakistan) his Descendants still reside in the city of Chakwal. He is one of the famous ancestors of the Awan tribe of Chakwal.
  • Zheng He 1371–1433: A Chinese mariner, explorer and admiral who was born into a Muslim family but embraced a broader ranging religious faith later.
Sultan Mehmed II's entry into Constantinople

15th century

16th century
Suleiman with army

17th century
  • Aurangzeb: Also known as Aurangzeb Alamgir, he was the 6th Mughal Emperor who expanded the Mughal Empire to its largest extent.
  • Murad IV: Rejuvenated the Ottoman Empire with reforms and reconquered the city of Yerevan and Baghdad.
  • Zulfiqar Khan Nusrat Jung: Son of a renowned nobleman of Emperor Aurangzeb. He held several appointments under Emperor Aurangzeb in the Mughal Empire.
  • Daud Khan Panni: He was a Mughal commander, Nawab of the Carnatic and later Viceroy of Deccan. The Emperor Aurangzeb appointed him as a leading commander of the Mughal Army in 1701, while Zulfikhar Ali Khan was the Nawab.

18th century
  • Nadir Shah 1688–1747: Also known as Nadir Qoli Beg and Tahmasp-Qoli Khan, he was Shah of Iran and a military leader.
  • Ahmad Shah Durrani 1722–1772: He was the founder of the Durrani dynasty and is regarded as the founder of the modern state of Afghanistan. He is best known for his victory against the Maratha at the Battle of Panipat (1761).
  • Hyder Ali 1722–1782
  • Imam Shamil 1797–1871: An Avar (from modern-day Dagestan) who is considered both a political and religious leader for Chechens, Dagestanis, and Caucasians.
  • Tipu Sultan 1750–1799): Also known as the Tiger of Mysore, he was the ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore. He fought against the British Empire and was defeated and killed at Seringapatam on 4 May 1799.

19th century
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See also
  • Rules of war in Islam
  • Jihad

References
  1. Akram, Agha Ibrahim (2004), The Sword of Allah: Khalid bin al-Waleed – His Life and Campaigns, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-597714-9, p. 93
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