Lebanon, New Hampshire

Lebanon locally /ˈlɛbənən/ is the only city in Grafton County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 13,151 at the 2010 census[4] and an estimated 13,651 as of 2019.[5] Lebanon is in western New Hampshire, south of Hanover, near the Connecticut River. It is the home to Dartmouth–Hitchcock Medical Center and Dartmouth Medical School, together comprising the largest medical facility between Boston, Massachusetts and Burlington, Vermont.

For other places with the same name, see Lebanon (disambiguation).
Lebanon, New Hampshire
City
Buildings along Park Street in downtown Lebanon
Seal
Lebanon
Location in the United States
Coordinates: 43°38.5′N 72°15′W[1]
CountryUnited States
StateNew Hampshire
CountyGrafton
Incorporated1761
City1958
Population centersLebanon
East Wilder
Mascoma
West Lebanon
Government
 • MayorTimothy J. McNamara
 • Assistant MayorClifton Below
 • City Council
 • City ManagerShaun Mulholland
Area
 • Total41.27 sq mi (106.90 km2)
 • Land40.30 sq mi (104.39 km2)
 • Water0.97 sq mi (2.51 km2)  2.39%
Elevation
581 ft (177 m)
Population
 (2010)
 • Total13,151
 • Estimate 
(2019)[3]
13,651
 • Density338.69/sq mi (130.77/km2)
Time zoneUTC-5 (Eastern)
 • Summer (DST)UTC-4 (Eastern)
ZIP codes
03756, 03766 (Lebanon)
03784 (West Lebanon)
Area code(s)603
FIPS code33-41300
GNIS feature ID0867976
Websitelebanonnh.gov

Together with Hanover, New Hampshire, and White River Junction, Vermont, Lebanon is at the center of a Micropolitan Statistical Area, encompassing nearly 30 towns along the upper Connecticut River valley.

History

Lebanon was chartered as a town by Colonial Governor Benning Wentworth on July 4, 1761, one of 16 along the Connecticut River. It was named for Lebanon, Connecticut, from where many early settlers had come or would come, including the Rev. Eleazar Wheelock, who arrived in 1770 and founded Dartmouth College. Lebanon, Connecticut was the original home of Moor's Indian Charity School, the antecedent of Dartmouth College.

Early settlement concentrated along the Connecticut River in what is now West Lebanon, and along the Mascoma Lake region near Enfield. In the mid-19th century, a mill district developed at falls on the Mascoma River. Industries included, at various times, furniture mills, a tannery, several machine shops, a woolen textile mill and a clothing factory. In the mid-19th century, this district attracted many French workers from Canada's Quebec province. This became the center of town, although West Lebanon grew into a railroad hub with a separate identity after lines entered from Boston. This rail center would become known as Westboro after two trains collided when West Lebanon was mistaken for Lebanon.

The mill district, like the railroad, declined into the 1950s and 1960s. The town suffered two major fires; the second, in 1964, destroyed a large portion of the old mill district. Reconstruction resulted in a controversial urban renewal project featuring a closed-off district, called The Mall, built to replace the destroyed Hanover Street area. Partly in defiance of economic decline, and partly to counter a movement by West Lebanon to declare itself an independent town, Lebanon re-incorporated as a city in 1958.

The routing of Interstates 89 and 91 through Lebanon and nearby White River Junction, Vermont, in addition to the growth of Dartmouth College, led to the area's economic revival. The former mill town now has a mixed economy based on education, medical services, high-technology and retail. Just south of the village of West Lebanon, a major shopping district has sprung up at the intersection of Route 12A and I-89. Lebanon has undertaken improvements to its recreational facilities, including miles of hiking trails, a municipal ski area, a swimming pool and several sports fields.

In 1991, the Dartmouth–Hitchcock Medical Center, along with most departments of Dartmouth Medical School, moved from Hanover to a new campus just south of the Lebanon-Hanover town line. A number of medical and high-tech firms have located facilities near the medical center campus. TomTom, a leading worldwide developer of mapping databases, has its North American headquarters in Lebanon. Novo Nordisk and Microsoft also have major facilities here.

  • Old Town Hall in 1918
  • School Street c. 1910
  • Public Library c. 1910
  • Bank Street c. 1910

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 41.4 square miles (107.1 km2), of which 40.3 square miles (104.4 km2) is land and 1.0 square mile (2.6 km2) is water, comprising 2.45% of the city.[4] The western boundary of Lebanon is the Connecticut River, which is also the state boundary with Vermont. The village of West Lebanon occupies the western part of the city, along the Connecticut River. Downtown Lebanon is 3 miles (5 km) to the east, along the Mascoma River, a tributary of the Connecticut. The city is fully within the Connecticut River watershed.[6] The southern end of Moose Mountain is in the northeast. The highest point in Lebanon is the northern end of Shaker Mountain, at 1,657 feet (505 m) above sea level, on the eastern border of the city.

Demographics
Historical population
CensusPop.%±
17901,180—
18001,57433.4%
18101,80814.9%
18201,710−5.4%
18301,8689.2%
18401,754−6.1%
18502,12721.3%
18602,3229.2%
18703,09433.2%
18803,3548.4%
18903,70310.4%
19004,96534.1%
19105,71815.2%
19206,1627.8%
19307,07314.8%
19407,5907.3%
19508,49511.9%
19609,2999.5%
19709,7254.6%
198011,13414.5%
199012,1839.4%
200012,5683.2%
201013,1514.6%
Est. 201913,651[3]3.8%
U.S. Decennial Census[7]
Crafts Avenue in 1912

As of the census of 2010,[8] there were 13,151 people, 6,186 households, and 3,269 families residing in the city. The population density was 326.2 people per square mile (125.9/km2). There were 6,649 housing units at an average density of 164.9 per square mile (63.7/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 88.4% White, 1.6% African American, 0.30% Native American, 6.8% Asian, 0.00% Pacific Islander, 0.80% some other race, and 2.10% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.9% of the population.

There were 6,186 households, out of which 24.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.5% were married couples living together, 8.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.4% had a male householder with no wife present, and 47.2% were non-families. 36.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.4% were someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.10, and the average family size was 2.76.[8]

In the city, the population was spread out, with 20.5% from age 0-19, 6.3% from 20 to 24, 30.3% from 25 to 44, 27.6% from 45 to 64, and 15.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39.4 years. The male population was 47.4% of the total, while the female population was 52.6%.[8]

For the period 2011–15, the estimated median annual income for a household in the city was $53,004, and the median income for a family was $75,511. Male full-time workers had a median income of $51,735 versus $48,836 for females. The per capita income for the city was $36,370. About 8.7% of families and 12.3% of the entire population were below the poverty line, including 22.6% of those under 18 and 5.0% of those age 65 and over.[9]

Education

Lebanon has its own elementary schools, junior high school, and high school. Students from neighboring towns (Grantham and Plainfield[10]) attend high school in Lebanon. On October 15, 2010, the city broke ground on a new middle school for grades 5–8 to replace an aging junior high facility and overcrowded elementary school facilities.[11] As of April 2012, the Middle School was "nearing completion", and the project is being finalized, with minor projects left, including "adding pavement..., resurfacing, and striping to allow turning lanes for the school traffic."[11]

Located on the downtown pedestrian mall is the Lebanon campus of Claremont-based River Valley Community College. Also downtown, the Alliance for the Visual Arts (AVA) offers classes in arts and crafts in a LEED-certified former factory building, which houses a ground floor gallery space.

Transportation

Roads and highways
Fountain in downtown Lebanon, New Hampshire

Lebanon is served by Interstate 89, which meets Interstate 91 just across the Connecticut River in White River Junction. It is 58 miles (93 km) southeast along I-89 to Concord, the state capital, and 60 miles (97 km) northwest along I-89 to Montpelier, the capital of Vermont. U.S. Route 4 passes east–west through the centers of Lebanon and West Lebanon, leading east to Enfield and eventually Concord, and west towards Rutland, Vermont. New Hampshire Route 10 leads south from Lebanon along Interstate 89, eventually diverging to go to Newport. Route 10 leads north from West Lebanon into Hanover and points north along the Connecticut River. New Hampshire Route 120 passes north–south through downtown Lebanon, leading north into Hanover and south to Claremont. New Hampshire Route 12A begins in West Lebanon and heads south along the Connecticut River to Claremont. Near the eastern border of the city, New Hampshire Route 4A leaves US 4 to travel southeast towards Wilmot and central New Hampshire.

Public transportation

Lebanon Airport, adjacent to West Lebanon, has passenger service to Boston and New York City provided by Cape Air. Free public bus service for the major towns in the area including Lebanon is provided by Advance Transit, with weekday service to destinations such as Dartmouth–Hitchcock Medical Center, shopping plazas in West Lebanon, the villages of Lebanon and West Lebanon, as well as Hanover and White River Junction. Southeast Vermont Transit also provides a peak direction commuter bus route between DHMC to Bellows Falls, Vermont that also runs on weekdays.

The closest Greyhound bus terminal and Amtrak train station are both located in White River Junction, Vermont. Vermont Translines also serves Lebanon from the Dartmouth–Hitchcock Medical Center.[12][13][14]

Culture
Lebanon Public Library, one of many Carnegie libraries in New Hampshire

Lebanon village is a cultural hub with attractions such as the Lebanon Opera House (in City Hall), the AVA Gallery, seasonal Farmers' Market and summer concerts on the green. Lebanon Public Library serves the main village, and the newly opened Kilton Public Library branch (the first library in the U.S. to host a node of the Tor anonymity network)[15] serves West Lebanon village. The Carter Community Building Association (CCBA) operates an after-school activity center for primary school children and a fitness center for teens and adults. Salt Hill Pub frequently features live musical performances.

Colburn Park

The Colburn Park Historic District is at the heart of Lebanon, New Hampshire, consisting of Colburn Park and buildings around it—and many 19th-century buildings immediately adjacent to these. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986. The land that later developed into the park was donated in 1792 by Robert Colburn as the site for the community's meeting house, serving the purposes of church and town hall. Arterial roads were built to the area, and it began to develop as a commercial and civic center in the early 19th century. A weekly farmers' market is held there between June and September along with many community activities throughout the year.

  • Stage
  • War memorial
  • War memorial
  • Plaque
  • Fountain

Notable people
gollark: I wouldn't be *that* surprised if someone somewhere actually *did* believe the birds-aren't-real thing.
gollark: *dislikes ☭*
gollark: Yes, I've heard distances are much more significant there but never actually experienced it.
gollark: 8 miles of walking is still... an hour or so, no?
gollark: But having to travel half an hour to get to the city where anything interesting happens is annoying.

References
  1. "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. Retrieved 2011-04-23.
  2. "2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 26, 2020.
  3. "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". United States Census Bureau. May 24, 2020. Retrieved May 27, 2020.
  4. "Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Lebanon city, New Hampshire". U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved January 3, 2017.
  5. "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". Retrieved May 21, 2020.
  6. Foster, Debra H.; Batorfalvy, Tatianna N.; Medalie, Laura (1995). Water Use in New Hampshire: An Activities Guide for Teachers. U.S. Department of the Interior and U.S. Geological Survey.
  7. "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  8. "Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Census Summary File 1 (DP-1): Lebanon city, New Hampshire". U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved January 3, 2017.
  9. "Selected Economic Characteristics: 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (DP03): Lebanon city, New Hampshire". U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved January 3, 2017.
  10. "Lebanon School District Information". Lebanon School District. Archived from the original on May 14, 2011. Retrieved September 4, 2009.
  11. "Lebanon Middle School Project". Lebanon School District. Archived from the original on September 18, 2010. Retrieved October 25, 2010.
  12. Stations - White River Junction (WRJ), Amtrak. Retrieved 2017-07-17.
  13. White River Jct Vermont Bus Station, Greyhound. Retrieved 2017-07-17.
  14. "Vermont Bus Schedules Vermont Translines". Retrieved 2017-07-17.
  15. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2015-09-18. Retrieved 2015-11-20.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  16. "Olympic Ski Jumping Team Named". US Ski Team. January 20, 2010. Archived from the original on September 1, 2010. Retrieved January 21, 2010.
  17. Teachings of Presidents of the Church. Salt Lake City, Utah: Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints. 2007.
  18. Penton, James M. (1985). Apocalypse Delayed: The Story of Jehovah's Witnesses. Toronto: Univ. of Toronto Press.
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