Kherson

Kherson (Ukrainian: Херсо́н, IPA: [xerˈsɔn] (listen); Russian: Херсо́н, IPA: [xʲɪrˈson]) is a city in southern Ukraine. It functions as the administrative center of Kherson Oblast. Designated as a city of oblast significance. Kherson is an important port on the Black Sea and on the Dnieper River, and the home of a major ship-building industry. As of 2015 it had a population of 294,941 (2015 est.)[2].

Kherson

Херсон
City of regional significance
Flag
Coat of arms
Kherson
Location of Kherson
Kherson
Kherson (Ukraine)
Coordinates: 46°38′0″N 32°35′0″E
Country Ukraine
Oblast Kherson Oblast
City RaionsKherson City
Dneprovski rayon
Suvorovski rayon
Komsomolski rayon
Founded18 June 1778
Government
 • MayorVolodymyr Mykolayenko (Independent)[1]
Area
 • Total135.7 km2 (52.4 sq mi)
Elevation
46.6 m (152.9 ft)
Population
 (2015)
 • Total294,941
 • Density2,200/km2 (5,600/sq mi)
Postal code
73000
Area code(s)+380 552
Websitecity.kherson.ua

Since 2014, Kherson has housed the office of the Ukrainian President's representative in the Crimea, which is headed by Nataliya Popovych.[3]

History
Grigory Potemkin
Early Ukrainian coat of arms
Kherson Musical school

Until 1774, the region belonged to the Crimean Khanate.

Kherson was founded in 1778 by Grigori Aleksandrovich Potemkin, on the orders of Catherine the Great. The city was built under the supervision of General Ivan Gannibal on the site of a small fortress called Aleksanderschanz. The name Kherson is a contraction of Chersonesos, an ancient Greek colony founded approximately 2500 years ago in the southwestern part of Crimea. One of the first buildings in the Kherson Fort was the Church of St. Catherine, where Potemkin was eventually buried. The last tarpan was caught near Kherson in 1866. During World War II, Kherson was occupied by the German Army from 21 August 1941 till 13 March 1944. During the Ukrainian revolution of 2014, the city was a scene of riots against President Yanukovich, during which the main Lenin statue of the city was toppled by protesters. After the revolution the city became relatively calm.

Demographics

Ethnicity

As of Ukrainian National Census (2001), the ethnic groups living within Kherson were:

The ethnic groups living within Kherson as of the 1926 Census:

Languages
Languages1897[4]2001[5]
Ukrainian19.6%53.4%
Russian47.2%45.3%
Yiddish29.1%
Polish1.7%
German0.7%

Population
Year Population
1790 24,000
1926 58,000
1939 97,000
1959 158,000
1981 361,000
2004 354,000
2007 329,000

Administrative divisions
Kherson Town Hall, now city art museum

There are three city raions.

  • Suvorov Raion, central and oldest district of the city, named after the Russian General Suvorov. Includes department's: Tavrіjs'kij, Pіvnіchnij and Mlini.
  • Dnipro Raion, named after the Dnieper river. Includes departments: HBK, Tekstilny, Sklotara, Slobіdka, Voyenka, Skhіdny.
  • Korabelny Raion. Includes department's: Shumensky, Korabel, Zabalka, Sukharne, Zhitloselishche, Selishche — 4, Selishche — 5.

Climate

Under the Köppen climate classification, Kherson has a humid continental climate (Dfa).[6]

Climate data for Kherson (1981–2010, extremes 1955–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 15.2
(59.4)		 18.6
(65.5)		 22.7
(72.9)		 32.0
(89.6)		 37.7
(99.9)		 39.5
(103.1)		 40.5
(104.9)		 40.7
(105.3)		 36.4
(97.5)		 32.0
(89.6)		 21.8
(71.2)		 17.2
(63.0)		 40.7
(105.3)
Average high °C (°F) 1.4
(34.5)		 2.3
(36.1)		 7.7
(45.9)		 15.7
(60.3)		 22.4
(72.3)		 26.5
(79.7)		 29.3
(84.7)		 28.9
(84.0)		 22.9
(73.2)		 15.6
(60.1)		 7.6
(45.7)		 2.8
(37.0)		 15.3
(59.5)
Daily mean °C (°F) −1.7
(28.9)		 −1.4
(29.5)		 3.2
(37.8)		 10.1
(50.2)		 16.2
(61.2)		 20.4
(68.7)		 22.9
(73.2)		 22.3
(72.1)		 16.7
(62.1)		 10.4
(50.7)		 4.1
(39.4)		 −0.1
(31.8)		 10.3
(50.5)
Average low °C (°F) −4.5
(23.9)		 −4.5
(23.9)		 −0.5
(31.1)		 4.9
(40.8)		 10.2
(50.4)		 14.6
(58.3)		 16.8
(62.2)		 16.1
(61.0)		 11.3
(52.3)		 6.0
(42.8)		 1.0
(33.8)		 −2.9
(26.8)		 5.7
(42.3)
Record low °C (°F) −26.3
(−15.3)		 −24.4
(−11.9)		 −20.2
(−4.4)		 −7.9
(17.8)		 −1.5
(29.3)		 5.5
(41.9)		 9.2
(48.6)		 6.6
(43.9)		 −5.0
(23.0)		 −7.6
(18.3)		 −16.2
(2.8)		 −22.2
(−8.0)		 −26.3
(−15.3)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 30
(1.2)		 29
(1.1)		 28
(1.1)		 32
(1.3)		 41
(1.6)		 57
(2.2)		 47
(1.9)		 36
(1.4)		 45
(1.8)		 36
(1.4)		 38
(1.5)		 35
(1.4)		 453
(17.8)
Average rainy days 9 7 9 12 11 11 9 6 9 9 12 10 114
Average snowy days 11 10 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3 4 8 39
Average relative humidity (%) 86 83 78 69 66 66 63 62 69 77 85 87 74
Mean monthly sunshine hours 62.0 84.8 148.8 213.0 269.7 309.0 325.5 319.3 231.0 136.4 84.0 34.1 2,217.6
Mean daily sunshine hours 2.0 3.0 4.8 7.1 8.7 10.3 10.5 10.3 7.7 4.4 2.8 1.1 6.1
Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net[7]
Source 2: Deutscher Wetterdienst (sun, 2004–2012)[8]

Transport

Rail
Kherson Railway Station

Kherson is connected to the national railroad network of Ukraine. There are daily long-distance services to Kiev, Lviv and other cities.

Air

Kherson is served by Kherson International Airport providing both passport and customs control. It operates a 2,500 x 42-meter concrete runway, accommodating Boeing 737, Airbus 319/320 aircraft, and helicopters of all series.

The official airport website is http://www.airport.kherson.ua and additional info can be found at http://www.aisukraine.net.

Education
Kherson Marine school

There are 77 high schools as well as 5 colleges. There are 15 institutions of higher education.

Main sights
St. Catherine's Cathedral, Kherson
  • The Church of St. Catherine – was built in the 1780s, supposedly to Ivan Starov's designs, and contains the tomb of Prince Potemkin.
  • Jewish cemetery – Kherson has a large Jewish community which was established in the mid-nineteenth century.[9] From 1959 until 1990 there was no synagogue in Kherson. Since then, both Jewish life and Kherson have really grown and developed in an atmosphere of peace.[10] Nevertheless, the Jewish cemetery has regularly suffered from acts of vandalism. The graves have been repeatedly covered with trash and the tombstones destroyed and desecrated. On 6 April 2012, an act of vandalism occurred at the Jewish cemetery on one of the most important festival in the Jewish calendar, the festival of Passover. The fire, which was set intentionally, immediately spread over an area of about 700 square meters and caused severe damage to the graves and tombstones.[11]
  • Kherson TV Tower – a famous construction located in the city.
  • Adziogol Lighthouse – a hyperboloid structure designed by V.G.Shukhov, 1911

Notable people
Moshe Sharett

Twin cities
  • Imperial coat of arms
  • Soviet coat of arms
  • Dormition Cathedral
  • St. Aleksandra Church
  • Adziogol Lighthouse
  • Kherson Fortess
  • Potemkin monument
  • Historical architecture on Suvorov Street in Kherson
  • Central bank office
  • Bank office located in an old house
  • Cinema hall
  • Fregat hotel
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gollark: Those are excellent words, actually.
gollark: Anthropomorphized phytoplankton or what?
gollark: Make them check each other's code somehow and destroy malfunctioning ones. You can get undetected error rates down low enough that there will probably not be problems.
gollark: You can *detect* an error fairly easily if you store a hash or something, which can be way smaller than the actual data, and just have your thing self-destruct if a mismatch is found.

References
  1. "Incumbent mayor Mykolayenko reelected in Kherson". interfax.com.ua. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 3 May 2018.
  2. "Чисельність наявного населення України (Actual population of Ukraine)" (PDF) (in Ukrainian). State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Retrieved 1 July 2016.
  3. Official website Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Presidential representative of Ukraine in Crimea.
  4. Национальный состав населения городов (по языку) Archived 13 August 2015 at the Wayback Machine Всероссийская перепись населения 1897
  5. Ukrainian census in Kherson Oblast. State Statistics Service.
  6. Peel, M. C. and Finlayson, B. L. and McMahon, T. A. (2007). "Updated world map of the Köppen–Geiger climate classification" (PDF). Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 11: 1633–1644. doi:10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007. ISSN 1027-5606. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 February 2012.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  7. "Pogoda.ru.net" (in Russian). May 2011. Archived from the original on 14 December 2019. Retrieved 13 December 2019.
  8. "Klimatafel von Chersson (Kherson) / Ukraine" (PDF). Baseline climate means (1961-1990) from stations all over the world (in German). Deutscher Wetterdienst. Retrieved 1 April 2016.
  9. "KHERSON". JewishEncyclopedia.com. Archived from the original on 22 September 2012. Retrieved 19 August 2012.
  10. Zalman, Nelson. "Anti-Semitic Incitement, Poor Economy Have Kherson's Jews Worried". Merkos L'Inyonei Chinuch. Archived from the original on 15 October 2012. Retrieved 19 August 2012.
  11. "Вандалы подпортили светлый еврейский праздник Песах". Bagnet.org. Archived from the original on 10 April 2012. Retrieved 19 August 2012.
  12. Levy, Clifford J. "Georgi A. Arbatov, a Bridge Between Cold War Superpowers, Is Dead at 87" Archived 6 February 2015 at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, 2 October 2010. Accessed 4 October 2010.
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