Langat virus

Langat virus
Virus classification
(unranked):	Virus
Realm:	Riboviria
Kingdom:	Orthornavirae
Phylum:	Kitrinoviricota
Class:	Flasuviricetes
Order:	Amarillovirales
Family:	Flaviviridae
Genus:	Flavivirus
Species:	Langat virus

Langat virus (LGTV) is a virus of the genus Flavivirus. The virus was first isolated in Malaysia in 1956 from a hard tick of the Ixodes genus.[1] This virus is antigenically related to Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus, Kyasanur forest disease virus, Alkhurma virus, Louping ill virus and other viruses of the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) complex. The Langat virus does not pose a significant epidemiological threat in comparison with TBEV. There are no known cases of human diseases associated with LGTV.[2] The Malaysian strain (LGT strain TP21, also known as the Yelantsev virus) is naturally attenuated and induces neutralizing antibodies to tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and protection against other TBEV complex viruses in animals.[3]

LGTV-based vaccine

In the 1970s a live attenuate LGTV-based vaccine against tick-borne encephalitis was made. At the same time, another vaccine was tested, but the group vaccinated with the LGTV-based vaccine had the lowest level of developing infection decease.[4] However, there were two big problems: the relatively high rate of incidents of encephalitis (1:10 000) and lack of absolute protection from infection in endemic regions.

gollark: ```lua -- if function is not from within the VM, return env from within sandbox function environment.getfenv(arg) local env if type(arg) == "number" then env = gf(arg + 1) else gf(arg) end if not env or env._HOST and string.find(env._HOST, "YAFSS") == nil then return gf() else return env end end```

gollark: Well, that's incredibly weird and I have no idea what causes that!

gollark: I'll have to check the... YAFSS, I think... code for getfenv?

gollark: Okay, hmm, that actually does work, no idea *how*.

gollark: Wait, `pcall`? Hmmm.

References

Smith, CE (15 September 1956). "A virus resembling Russian spring-summer encephalitis virus from an ixodid tick in Malaya". Nature. 178 (4533): 581–2. Bibcode:1956Natur.178..581G. doi:10.1038/178581a0. PMID 13369466.
Gritsun TS, Lashkevich VA, Gould EA (January 2003). "Tick-borne encephalitis". Antiviral Res. 57 (1–2): 129–46. doi:10.1016/S0166-3542(02)00206-1. PMID 12615309.
Rumyantsev, A. A.; Murphy, B. R.; Pletnev, A. G. (13 January 2006). "A Tick-Borne Langat Virus Mutant That Is Temperature Sensitive and Host Range Restricted in Neuroblastoma Cells and Lacks Neuroinvasiveness for Immunodeficient Mice". Journal of Virology. 80 (3): 1427–39. doi:10.1128/JVI.80.3.1427-1439.2006. PMC 1346960. PMID 16415020.
Shapoval AN; Kamalov II; Denisova EIu; Sokolova ED; Luzin PM; Shamarina AG; Gusmanova AG; Pinaeva NI (1989). "Study of the distant consequences of immunizing people with a live vaccine against tick-borne encephalitis". Tr Inst Im Pastera (in Russian). 65: 133–5. PMID 2629181.

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[1] Smith, CE (15 September 1956). "A virus resembling Russian spring-summer encephalitis virus from an ixodid tick in Malaya". Nature. 178 (4533): 581–2. Bibcode:1956Natur.178..581G. doi:10.1038/178581a0. PMID 13369466.

[2] Gritsun TS, Lashkevich VA, Gould EA (January 2003). "Tick-borne encephalitis". Antiviral Res. 57 (1–2): 129–46. doi:10.1016/S0166-3542(02)00206-1. PMID 12615309.

[3] Rumyantsev, A. A.; Murphy, B. R.; Pletnev, A. G. (13 January 2006). "A Tick-Borne Langat Virus Mutant That Is Temperature Sensitive and Host Range Restricted in Neuroblastoma Cells and Lacks Neuroinvasiveness for Immunodeficient Mice". Journal of Virology. 80 (3): 1427–39. doi:10.1128/JVI.80.3.1427-1439.2006. PMC 1346960. PMID 16415020.

[4] Shapoval AN; Kamalov II; Denisova EIu; Sokolova ED; Luzin PM; Shamarina AG; Gusmanova AG; Pinaeva NI (1989). "Study of the distant consequences of immunizing people with a live vaccine against tick-borne encephalitis". Tr Inst Im Pastera (in Russian). 65: 133–5. PMID 2629181.