Kiyoura Keigo

Count Kiyoura Keigo (清浦 奎吾, 14 February or 27 March 1850 – 5 November 1942) was a Japanese politician.[1] He was the Prime Minister of Japan in 1924, during the period which historians have called the "Taishō Democracy".

In this Japanese name, the family name is Kiyoura.

Count Kiyoura Keigo
清浦 奎吾
President of the Japanese Privy Council
In office 8 February 1922 – 7 January 1924
Monarch	Taishō
Preceded by	Yamagata Aritomo
Succeeded by	Hamao Arata
Prime Minister of Japan
In office 7 January 1924 – 11 June 1924
Monarch	Taishō
Regent	Hirohito
Preceded by	Yamamoto Gonnohyōe
Succeeded by	Katō Takaaki
Personal details
Born	(1850-02-14)14 February 1850 or (1850-03-27)March 27, 1850 Yamaga, Kumamoto, Japan
Died	5 November 1942(1942-11-05) (aged 92) Tokyo, Japan
Political party	Independent
Signature

Early life

Kiyoura was born with the name Fujaku in Kamoto-gun, Higo Province (part of present-day Yamaga, Kumamoto), as the fifth son of a Buddhist priest named Ōkubo Ryoshi. He studied at the private school of Hirose Tanso from 1865 to 1871. During this time, he befriended Governor Nomura Morihide and took up the name "Kiyoura Keigo".

Political career

Nomura was appointed governor of Saitama Prefecture in 1873 and appointed Kiyoura to a junior-grade civil service position there.

In 1876, at the age of twenty-six, Kiyoura joined the Ministry of Justice, and served as a prosecutor and helping draft Japan's first modern Criminal procedures laws. In 1884 he caught the attention of Yamagata Aritomo who appointed him head of the police forces in Japan, despite his relative youth of 34. Kiyoura went on to serve as Vice Minister of Justice, and Minister of Justice and while at the Ministry of Justice, he helped draft the Peace Preservation Law of 1887.

In 1891, he was selected as a member of the House of Peers by Imperial nomination. A close ally of Yamagata Aritomo, he was rewarded with numerous cabinet positions, including that of Justice Minister in the second Matsukata and second Yamagata administrations, and Justice, Agriculture and Commerce ministers in the first Katsura administration.

In 1902, Kiyoura was elevated to the title of baron (danshaku) in the kazoku peerage system. He received the 1st class of the Order of the Sacred Treasures the following year, and in 1906 was awarded with the 1st class of the Order of the Rising Sun. In September 1907, his title was elevated to viscount (shishaku).

In 1914, while he was Chairman of the Privy Council, Kiyoura received an imperial order appointing him Prime Minister of Japan following Yamamoto Gonnohyōe. However, Kiyoura declined the post because of the controversy involving the ongoing Siemens scandal and Ōkuma Shigenobu was chosen to become prime minister instead.

As prime minister

Kiyoura accepted a second imperial order in 1924 following the Toranomon Incident, and become 23rd Prime Minister of Japan. However, his cabinet was formed at a time when non-partisan, aristocratic cabinets were falling out of favor, and the Diet's lower house held up most of his initiatives for all six months of his administration.

Perhaps the most important event during his term as prime minister was the royal wedding of Crown Prince Hirohito (the future Emperor Shōwa) with Nagako Kuniyoshi (the future Empress Kōjun) on 26 January 1924.

In 1924, he dissolved the Lower House of the Diet of Japan when faced with the three party coalition of the Kenseikai, Rikken Seiyūkai and Kakushin Club which had formed a majority in Diet of more than 150 seats. As a result of his massive rout in the subsequent general election, his cabinet resigned en masse.

In November 1928, Kiyoura was elevated to the title of Count (hakushaku). He was posthumously awarded the Grand Cordon of the Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum in 1942.

Honours

From the corresponding article in the Japanese Wikipedia

Peerages

• Baron (27 February 1902)
• Viscount (21 September 1907)
• Count (10 November 1928)

Decorations

• Grand Cordon of the Order of the Sacred Treasure (26 December 1903; Second Class: 26 June 1897; Third Class: 29 December 1895; Fourth Class: 28 December 1893; Fifth Class: 26 December 1890)
• Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun (1 April 1906; Sixth Class: 25 November 1887)
• Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun with Paulownia Flowers (4 September 1920)
• Grand Cordon of the Order of the Chrysanthemum (5 November 1942; posthumous)

See also

• History of Japan

Notes

1. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Kiyoura Keigo" in Japan Encyclopedia, p. 534, p. 534, at Google Books.

References

• Bix, Herbert P. (2000). Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan. New York: HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-06-019314-0; OCLC 247018161
• Hane, Mikiso. Modern Japan: A Historical Survey. Westview Press (2001). ISBN 0-8133-3756-9
• Jansen, Marius B. (2000). The Making of Modern Japan. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674003347; OCLC 44090600
• Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). Japan encyclopedia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5; OCLC 58053128

External links

Political offices
Preceded by Yamamoto Gonnohyōe	Prime Minister of Japan Jan 1924 – Jun 1924	Succeeded by Katō Takaaki
Preceded by Yamagata Aritomo	Chairman, Privy Council Feb 1922 – Jan 1924	Succeeded by Hamao Arata
Preceded by Yoshikawa Akimasa	Home Minister Sept 1905 – Jan 1906	Succeeded by Hara Takashi
Preceded by Hirata Tosuke	Minister of Agriculture and Commerce Jul 1903 – Jan 1906	Succeeded by Matsuoka Yasukowa
Preceded by Kaneko Kentarō	Minister of Justice Jun 1901 – Sep 1903	Succeeded by Hatano Yoshinao
Preceded by Ōhigashi Yoshiakira	Minister of Justice Nov 1898 – Oct 1900	Succeeded by Kaneko Kentarō
Preceded by Yoshikawa Akimasa	Minister of Justice Sep 1896 – Jan 1898	Succeeded by Sone Arasuke