KSFM

KSFM (102.5 FM) is a commercial radio station that is licensed to Woodland, California and serves the Sacramento area. The station is owned by Entercom and broadcasts a rhythmic contemporary format. KSFM's studios and offices are located at 5345 Madison Avenue in Sacramento, and its transmitter is in Woodland.

For the airport in Sanford, Maine, assigned ICAO code KSFM, see Sanford Seacoast Regional Airport. For former radio station KSFM (1958-1960) in Dallas-Fort Worth, see KRLD-FM.
KSFM
CityWoodland, California
Broadcast areaSacramento, California
Frequency102.5 MHz (HD Radio)
Branding102.5 KSFM
SloganThe Hottest Music in the 916
Programming
FormatFM/HD1: Rhythmic contemporary
HD2: Urban adult contemporary ("The Love Train")
Ownership
OwnerEntercom
(Entercom License, LLC)
Sister stationsKIFM, KKDO, KRXQ, KSEG, KUDL
History
First air dateFebruary 4, 1961 (as KATT)
Former call signsKATT (1961–1968)
KRBT (1970–1974)
Call sign meaningK Sacramento's Favorite Music
Technical information
Facility ID59598
ClassB
ERP50,000 watts
HAAT152 meters (499 ft)
Transmitter coordinates38.589°N 121.726°W / 38.589; -121.726
Links
WebcastListen Live
Websiteksfm.com

From 2006 to 2010, KSFM's slogan was "Sacramento's #1 Station for Hip-Hop and R&B". In 2010, the station changed its slogan to simply "102-5" with a broader mix of hip-hop, R&B, and rhythmic pop music.[1] Entercom bills KSFM as a rhythmic top 40 station due to its multicultural listenership.[2]

KSFM broadcasts in HD Radio.

History

KATT/KRBT

On February 4, 1961, the station at 102.5 FM signed on as KATT, branded "The Tiger Tail".[3] The station aired a middle of the road format and was owned by the Interstate Broadcasting Company, but by 1968, KATT went silent.

In 1970, the station returned to the air as KRBT (Robot 10-25), a contemporary hit radio (CHR) outlet. It started out with live disc jockeys, but became automated shortly thereafter. On August 31, 1971, the station's owners, Tiger Broadcasting, sold the operation to KULA Broadcasting for $94,000.[4] KULA Broadcasting, owner of KGMS (1380 AM), took control of the station on April 1, 1972 and switched the format to easy listening. Remaining an automated operation, KRBT adopted new call letters KSFM that June.[5] (Previously, the KSFM call letters were assigned to a station in Sacramento on 96.9 FM, but that station was sold to the owners of Pacific Southwest Airlines and renamed as KPSC.[6][7])

Earth Radio 102

In early 1974, KULA Broadcasting searched for a new programmer and new format for KSFM after upgrading the station's transmitter and improving its signal to cover the Sacramento radio market from suburban Woodland. The owners hired Don Wright, formerly of KZAP, KXOA/KNDE, and KRBT. His plan was to flip the station to progressive rock, a rock-based format that was slightly more structured than the freeform format of KZAP. The air talent would have a mid-tempo delivery style (neither fast and screaming nor completely laid back). The station kept the KSFM call letters but used the moniker "Earth Rock 102 KSFM".

On April 15, 1974, "Earth Rock 102" made its debut. Drake-Chenault, owners of KXOA-FM (107.9 FM), attempted to sue KSFM because KXOA-FM had recently used the "Earth Rock" name on the air. As a result, in July 1974, KSFM was rebranded as "Earth Radio 102". Within six months of its debut, "KSFM Earth Radio 102" reached number six in the Sacramento ratings. When the station management only delivered a $25 monthly pay raise, much of the air staff left to run KSJO in San Jose, where they installed the Earth Rock format.[8] Nonetheless, KSFM continued to obtain positive ratings.

The format featured both well-established and up-and-coming rock artists. While the station would play popular rock acts, the announcers often focused on their deeper album cuts. Additionally, the music flow was diverse enough that one could hear a searing Led Zeppelin track and a folksy Joni Mitchell song in the same set, yet the music would flow naturally. The air talent programmed much of the music without the use of a set playlist. While a listener could hear an occasional country record by Jerry Jeff Walker or a reggae tune by Peter Tosh, they knew it would be followed by a rock record along with song information from the knowledgeable air talent. KSFM's format was dayparted: listeners would be treated to a softer rock sound in the daytime and hard rock at night. With Earth Radio 102's limited song repetition, listeners were often surprised by what would play next.

Earth Radio had several additional programming features that contributed to its unique sound. KSFM ran a news block each weekday morning from 9:20 a.m. to 10:00 a.m. known as "Earth News". The alternative news program included nationally syndicated interviews with rock stars of the day, as well as odd information that would interest the station's audience. Also on weekdays at 9:40 a.m., 1:40 p.m., and 6:40 p.m., the station announced upcoming concerts in both local and regional venues. Some evenings, the station would play an entire album from start to finish; starting out as a weekly feature, it was expanded to three nights a week. Between record sides, announcer Dave Whittaker would play an "Instrumental Interlude", a track from a completely different artist without vocals.

In late 1976, the station hired Dennis Newhall as an on-air staff announcer. He had previous experience with KZAP and KSJO. Subsequently, he was promoted to program director in 1977.

Earth Radio 102's success continued until mid-1979. In January 1979, KZAP's new owners installed radio consultant Lee Abrams' "Super Stars" format on the formerly freeform station. KZAP's new format was rock-oriented, stressing the biggest selling artists. The change brought KZAP stellar ratings at the expense of Earth Radio. In the Spring 1979 Arbitron ratings, KSFM went from a 4.7 share to 3.1. Initially, there were rumors of KSFM either becoming more mainstream or switching to a country music format.

FM102: Disco, contemporary, and urban

In August 1979, KSFM announced it would be switching to a more "mass appeal" music the following month. On August 20, the Sacramento Union featured an article on the format switch. The entire air staff would be replaced. KSFM management hired radio consultant Jerry Clifton to initiate the new format.[9] In the Union article, Clifton described the "Earth Radio" format as "esoteric ... similar to a Jazz station". KSFM broadcast its last full day of progressive rock on September 9, 1979. The following day, September 10, the station began a five-day stunting period during it played a full day of music by a well-known artist each day. The first day consisted of all-Led Zeppelin music, while the second day featured the Beatles. By the fifth day, the station was playing Donna Summer and the Bee Gees as featured artists. On September 14, 1979, KSFM flipped to a hybrid top 40/disco format with the branding "FM102".

Under the leadership of incoming programming director Jeff Lucifer, and based on the recommendations of Clifton,[10] KSFM began to gradually work its way up in the ratings with its dance-friendly "churban" (a mix of contemporary hits and urban) format. Clifton would later apply this formula to other stations like KGGI in Riverside, California, WJMH in Greensboro, North Carolina, and WPOW in Miami (the last two both sister stations to KSFM). By June 1983, KSFM evolved all the way to its current rhythmic contemporary direction under the guidance of future WNOW-FM program director Rick Gillette[11] and music director Chris Collins, the latter who also hosted The FM102 Morning Zoo and later succeeded Gillette as operating manager and PD. The move occurred after KPOP, the Sacramento market's only urban contemporary outlet at the time, flipped formats to modern rock. Gillette and Collins realized that dance music, popular in the clubs and the streets, did not receive any airplay in the area. KSFM took advantage of this opportunity, leading the station to several number one Arbitron rankings in the market under their guidance, eventually beating the more-mainstream top 40 stations.[12]

In July 1987, KSFM owner Duffy Broadcasting Corp. sold all but one of its stations to Genesis Broadcasting Company, a new entity owned in part by Duffy executives, for $74 million.[13]

KSFM faced a series of legal issues in the early 1990s. In 1990, KWOD owner Ed Stolz filed a libel lawsuit against Genesis Broadcasting for $10 million. According to the suit, on June 30, 1989, Collins disparaged KWOD on-air as being anti-gay and anti-African American; this resulted in lost advertisers, threats to station staff, and a drop in ratings. Collins, in turn, claimed his remarks were in response to anti-gay comments by KWOD morning host Pat Garrett.[14] In late 1993, Collins sued Genesis Broadcasting for wrongful termination, seeking at least the approximate $335,000 value of the remaining two years of his contract. He alleged he was fired for threatening to report drug use in the workplace and associated abusive behavior by supervisors. Genesis responded that Collins was dismissed because of declining ratings.[15] This dispute threatened to derail the pending merger of Genesis with Secret Communications. Royce International, then-owner of KWOD, petitioned the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to investigate the drug use allegations, as well as resolve issues related to a previous petition involving Genesis' alleged interference in Royce's business activities.[16][17] The merger ultimately was approved, finally closing on August 1, 1994.[18]

In May 1996, Secret Communications sent KSFM and sister station KMJI (1380 AM) to American Radio Systems in a four-station swap worth $48.5 million, acquiring WQRS in Detroit and WFLN-FM in Philadelphia.[19]

KSFM continued to lead the market as the top 40 station of choice in Sacramento until the arrivals of mainstream contemporary hit radio (CHR) outlet KDND (107.9 The End) and urban-formatted KBMB (103.5 The Bomb) in 1998.[20] KSFM offered a current-based mix of rhythmic pop, R&B, and hip hop product in its playlist. Those ingredients placed KSFM between KDND, which offered listeners a broad-based playlist, and KBMB, which heavily emphasized hip hop.

CBS Radio era

In 1998, KSFM was bought by Infinity Broadcasting Corporation, which had already been acquired by Westinghouse Broadcasting.[21] Westinghouse merged with CBS Radio shortly thereafter. Under CBS Radio ownership, the KSFM lineup featured programming director Tony Tecate in mornings, Bre in middays, Short-E in afternoons, Nina in evenings and The Specialist overnights. Featured programs included Club 102 with The Specialist on Friday and Saturday nights.

In January 2010, KSFM's Arbitron ratings stood at a 3.1 share for persons ages 12 and over — the lowest since the Spring 1979 report, when the station aired progressive rock. However, by April 2010, KSFM rebounded, although it achieved nowhere the record-breaking numbers from 1994 to 1997 when 11 and 12 shares under PD's Rick Thomas and Bob West were common. In the June 2012 Portable People Meter (PPM) report, KSFM's ratings rose enough to bring the station to fourth place in the Sacramento market. On June 1, 2010, KSFM relocated its studios from 1750 Howe Avenue to 280 Commerce Circle in Sacramento, home to the CBS Radio cluster there.

Entercom era

On February 2, 2017, CBS Radio announced it would merge with Entercom. Entercom also owns KKDO, KUDL, KSEG, KRXQ, and KIFM in the Sacramento market; the company also owned KDND until it shut down that station and surrendered its license to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) two days later.

On October 10, 2017, it was announced that KSFM would be the only station in the CBS Radio Sacramento cluster that would remain with Entercom following the merger of the two companies. Entercom's decision to keep KSFM while spinning off the other former CBS stations was due to its rhythmic top 40 format, which would give the company another top 40 station to pair with KUDL and serve as flankers in the market following KDND's aforementioned shutdown, much like the strategy with future rock siblings KKDO, KSEG, and KRXQ.[22] KHTK, KNCI, KYMX, and KZZO were divested into a blind trust with Bonneville International operating them under a local marketing agreement until they could find new owners. Bonneville purchased the stations outright in September 2018.[23]

The CBS Radio-Entercom merger was approved on November 9, 2017 and was consummated on November 17. Upon the change of ownership, KSFM relocated to Entercom's studio building on Madison Avenue in Sacramento.[24][25]

In May 2018, Entercom replaced the KSFM staff. Michael Buhrman, former on-air personality from sister station KQKS in Denver, took over as the new PD and afternoon host, with Mia Amor from KRBQ in San Francisco working mornings, Nina Hajian voice-tracking middays from WBBM-FM in Chicago, and SOOSH*E (who was let go from KHHM after Entravision made major job cuts) taking evenings.[26] In January 2019, KSFM boasted a 100% local on-air staff again when Bianca V moved to middays; she previously had been a part of the KSFM street team and hosting the Club 102 mix show. The station also brought in DJ Elements and DJ Oasis to mix their Club 102 mix shows, along with DJ Squintz who hosts the overnight time-slot.

As of July 2019, KSFM once again became the only rhythmic top 40 station in Sacramento following KHHM's flip to a bilingual top 40 direction.[27] Since that move, KSFM has seen a resurgence ratings wise, eventually leading sibling KUDL in the Nielsen Audio ratings to become the most-listened to Top 40 station in Sacramento.[28][29]

HD radio

KSFM broadcasts in the HD Radio format with two digital subchannels:

The HD2 subchannel was launched in 2008 with a commercial-free dance top 40 format. From August 2017 to January 2018, KSFM-HD2 featured hip-hop music.

gollark: Oh, and sodium/chlorine from salt(water), which are both dangerous chemicals which could be used for evilness somehow.
gollark: If you can extract single atoms without touching other stuff, you can basically do "electrolysis" for free, and get hydrogen/oxygen from water.
gollark: This has other implications.
gollark: Interesting fact; seawater contains 3µg/L of uranium. If mages can function as sieves and process large quantities of seawater, [REDACTED].
gollark: Pulling gold from a few km underground is about as energy-intensive as firing bullets or dropping 100kg weights on people's heads from 50m up, which somehow people don't do?

References
  1. "Hip-hop radio prank". Sacramento Bee. July 21, 2006. Archived from the original on October 17, 2006. Retrieved February 24, 2007.
  2. "CBS Radio Format directory".
  3. "Directory of AM and FM Radio Stations in the U.S." (PDF). Broadcasting Yearbook. Broadcasting Publications Inc. 1963. p. B-28.
  4. "For the Record" (PDF). Broadcasting. Broadcasting Publications Inc. September 20, 1971. p. 66. Retrieved July 6, 2018.
  5. "For the Record" (PDF). Broadcasting. Broadcasting Publications Inc. June 12, 1972. p. 66. Retrieved July 6, 2018.
  6. "ChangingHands" (PDF). Broadcasting. Broadcasting Publications Inc. July 19, 1971. p. 60. Retrieved July 7, 2018.
  7. "For the Record" (PDF). Broadcasting. Broadcasting Publications Inc. November 15, 1971. p. 72. Retrieved July 7, 2018.
  8. Selvin, Joel (March 13, 1976). "Varied Radio Formats Spread Across Bay Area Vastness" (PDF). Billboard. Billboard Publications Inc. p. SF-21. Retrieved July 7, 2018.
  9. "Street Talk" (PDF). Radio & Records. September 7, 1979. p. 18. Retrieved May 16, 2020.
  10. Leader, John (December 14, 1979). "1979 in Review: Top 40" (PDF). Radio & Records. p. 26. Retrieved July 6, 2018.
  11. "Gillette Rejoins KSFM As PD" (PDF). Radio & Records. July 8, 1983. p. 3. Retrieved July 6, 2018.
  12. Cosper, Alex. "KSFM 1980s". Playlist Research. Archived from the original on 2012-10-27. Retrieved 2013-08-04.
  13. "$380 Million Station Trading Bonanza" (PDF). Radio & Records. July 17, 1987. p. 10. Retrieved May 16, 2020.
  14. "Street Talk" (PDF). Radio & Records. July 13, 1990. p. 26. Retrieved May 16, 2020.
  15. "Ex-KSFM Staffer Sues Station, Charges Drug Abuse By Execs" (PDF). Radio & Records. December 3, 1993. pp. 3, 14. Retrieved May 16, 2020.
  16. "KWOD Protests KSFM Sale" (PDF). Radio & Records. April 29, 1994. p. 8. Retrieved May 16, 2020.
  17. "Genesis Denies Drug Allegations" (PDF). Radio & Records. May 6, 1994. p. 6. Retrieved May 16, 2020.
  18. "Secret Closes Merger" (PDF). Radio & Records. August 5, 1994. p. 6. Retrieved May 16, 2020.
  19. "Cox Gets A NewCity; Clear Channel Gets More Equity" (PDF). Radio & Records. May 17, 1996. p. 6. Retrieved May 16, 2020.
  20. Cosper, Alex. "KSFM 1990s". Playlist Research.
  21. "Directory of Radio Stations in the United States" (PDF). Broadcasting & Cable Yearbook. 2005. p. D-91. Retrieved July 6, 2018.
  22. Venta, Lance (October 10, 2017). "Entercom Narrows Down 16 Stations To Be Divested To Complete CBS Radio Merger". RadioInsight. RadioBB Networks.
  23. "Bonneville Turns San Francisco and Sacramento LMAs Into Purchase". RadioInsight. August 3, 2018. Retrieved August 5, 2018.
  24. "Entercom Receives FCC Approval for Merger with CBS Radio" (Press release). Entercom. November 9, 2017. Retrieved November 17, 2017.
  25. Venta, Lance (November 17, 2017). "Entercom Completes CBS Radio Merger". RadioInsight. RadioBB Networks. Retrieved November 17, 2017.
  26. Venta, Lance (May 29, 2018). "KSFM Adds Michael Buhrman As Program Director; Mia Amor and SOOSH*E To Airstaff". RadioInsight. RadioBB Networks.
  27. Entravision Brings Fuego to Sacramento & Modesto Radioinsight - July 29, 2019
  28. “January 2020 (1/2 – 1/29) Nielsen Audio PPM Ratings Day 3: News/Talkers Impeached To Big Gains” from Radio Insight (February 20, 2020)
  29. Sacramento Nielsen Audio Ratings from Radio Insight
  30. "California HD radio guide".
  31. "HD Radio station lists".
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