Johnny Mercer

John Herndon Mercer (November 18, 1909 – June 25, 1976) was an American lyricist, songwriter, and singer. He was also a record label executive who co-founded Capitol Records with music industry businessman Buddy DeSylva and Glenn E. Wallichs.[1]

Johnny Mercer
Johnny Mercer, c. 1947
Background information
Birth nameJohn Herndon Mercer
Born(1909-11-18)November 18, 1909
Savannah, Georgia, U.S.
DiedJune 25, 1976(1976-06-25) (aged 66)
Hollywood, California, U.S.
Occupation(s)Songwriter, lyricist, record producer, record label owner, record executive
Years active1930–1976
Associated actsRichard A. Whiting, Bing Crosby, Margaret Whiting, The Pied Pipers, Bobby Darin, Harry Warren, Harold Arlen, Hoagy Carmichael, Gene de Paul, Henry Mancini

He is best known as a Tin Pan Alley lyricist, but he also composed music. He was also a popular singer who recorded his own songs as well as songs written by others from the mid-1930s through the mid-1950s. Mercer's songs were among the most popular hits of the time, including "Moon River", "Days of Wine and Roses", "Autumn Leaves", and "Hooray for Hollywood". He wrote the lyrics to more than 1,500 songs, including compositions for movies and Broadway shows. He received nineteen Oscar nominations, and won four Best Original Song Oscars.

Early life
The historic Mercer House in Savannah, Georgia. Johnny Mercer did not live in this house.

Mercer was born in Savannah, Georgia. His father, George Anderson Mercer, was a prominent attorney and real-estate developer, and his mother, Lillian Elizabeth (née Ciucevich), George Mercer's secretary and second wife, was the daughter of a Croatian immigrant father and a mother with Irish ancestry. Lillian's father, born in Lastovo, in 1834 to parents Ivana Cucevic and Marijo Dundovic, was a merchant seaman who ran the Union blockade during the U.S. Civil War.[2] Mercer was George's fourth son, first by Lillian. His great-grandfather was Confederate General Hugh Weedon Mercer and he was a direct descendant of American Revolutionary War General Hugh Mercer, a Scottish soldier-physician who died at the Battle of Princeton. Mercer was also a distant cousin of General George S. Patton.[3]

Mercer liked music as a small child and attributed his musical talent to his mother, who would sing sentimental ballads. Mercer's father also sang, mostly old Scottish songs. His aunt told him he was humming music when he was six months old and later she took him to see minstrel and vaudeville shows where he heard "coon songs" and ragtime.[4] The family's summer home "Vernon View" was on the tidal waters and Mercer's long summers there among mossy trees, saltwater marshes, and soft, starry nights inspired him years later.[5]

Mercer's exposure to black music was perhaps unique among the white songwriters of his generation. As a child, Mercer had African-American playmates and servants, and he listened to the fishermen and vendors about him, who spoke and sang in the dialect known as "Geechee". He was also attracted to black church services. Mercer later stated, "Songs always fascinated me more than anything."[6] He had no formal musical training but was singing in a choir by six and at 11 or 12 he had memorized almost all of the songs he had heard and became curious about who wrote them. He once asked his brother who the best songwriter was, and his brother said Irving Berlin, among the best of Tin Pan Alley.[7]

Despite Mercer's early exposure to music, his talent was clearly in creating the words and singing, not in playing music, though early on he had hoped to become a composer. In addition to the lyrics that Mercer memorized, he was an avid reader and wrote adventure stories. His attempts to play the trumpet and piano were not successful, and he never could read musical scores with any facility, relying instead on his own notation system.[8]

As a teenager in the Jazz Era, he was a product of his age. He hunted for records in the black section of Savannah and played such early black jazz greats as Ma Rainey, Bessie Smith, and Louis Armstrong. His father owned the first car in town, and Mercer's teenage social life was enhanced by his driving privilege, which sometimes verged on recklessness.[9] The family would motor to the mountains near Asheville, North Carolina to escape the Savannah heat and there Mercer learned to dance (from Arthur Murray himself) and to flirt with Southern belles, his natural sense of rhythm helping him on both accounts. (Later, Mercer wrote a humorous song called "Arthur Murray Taught Me Dancing in a Hurry".)

Mercer attended the exclusive Woodberry Forest School in Virginia until 1927. Although not a top student, he was active in literary and poetry societies and as a humor writer for the school's publications. In addition, his exposure to classic literature augmented his already rich store of vocabulary and phraseology. He began to scribble ingenious, sometimes strained, rhymed phrases for later use. Mercer was also the class clown and a prankster, and member of the "hop" committee that booked musical entertainment on campus.[10]

Mercer was already somewhat of an authority on jazz at an early age. His yearbook stated, "No orchestra or new production can be authoritatively termed 'good' until Johnny's stamp of approval has been placed upon it. His ability to 'get hot' under all conditions and at all times is uncanny."[11] Mercer began to write songs, an early effort being "Sister Susie, Strut Your Stuff", and quickly learned the powerful effect songs had on girls.[12]

Given his family's proud history and association with Princeton, New Jersey, and Princeton University,[13] Mercer was destined for school there until his father's financial setbacks in the late 1920s changed those plans. He went to work in his father's recovering business, collecting rent and running errands, but soon grew bored with the routine and with Savannah, and looked to escape.

Career

Starting out

Mercer moved to New York in 1928, when he was 19. The music he loved, jazz and blues, was booming in Harlem and Broadway was bursting with musicals and revues from George Gershwin, Cole Porter, and Irving Berlin. Vaudeville, though beginning to fade, was still a strong musical presence. Mercer's first few jobs were as a bit actor (billed as John Mercer). Holed up in a Greenwich Village apartment with plenty of time on his hands and a beat-up piano to play, Mercer soon returned to singing and lyric writing.[14] He secured a day job at a brokerage house and sang at night. Pooling his meager income with that of his roommates, Mercer managed to keep going, sometimes on little more than oatmeal. One night he dropped in on Eddie Cantor backstage to offer a comic song, but although Cantor didn't use the song, he began encouraging Mercer's career.[15] Mercer's first lyric, for the song "Out of Breath (and Scared to Death of You)", composed by friend Everett Miller, appeared in a musical revue The Garrick Gaieties in 1930. Mercer met his future wife at the show, chorus girl Ginger Meehan. She had earlier been one of the many chorus girls pursued by the young crooner Bing Crosby. Through Miller's father, an executive at the prominent music publisher T. B. Harms, Mercer's first song was published.[16] It was recorded by Joe Venuti and his New Yorkers.

The 20-year-old Mercer began to hang out with other songwriters and to learn the trade. He traveled to California to undertake a lyric writing assignment for the musical Paris in the Spring and met his idols Bing Crosby and Louis Armstrong. Mercer found the experience sobering and realized that he much preferred free-standing lyric writing to writing on demand for musicals. Upon his return, he got a job as staff lyricist for Miller Music for a $25-a-week draw which give him a base income and enough prospects to win over and marry Ginger in 1931.[17] The new Mrs. Mercer quit the chorus line and became a seamstress, and to save money the newlyweds moved in with Ginger's mother in Brooklyn. Johnny did not inform his own parents of his marriage until after the fact, perhaps in part because he knew that Ginger being Jewish would not sit comfortably with some members of his family, and he worried they would try to talk him out of marrying her. In 1932, Mercer won a contest to sing with the Paul Whiteman orchestra, but singing with the band did not help his situation significantly. He made his recording debut, singing with Frank Trumbauer's Orchestra, on April 5 of that year. Mercer then apprenticed with Yip Harburg on the score for Americana, a Depression-flavored revue famous for "Brother, Can You Spare a Dime?" (not a Mercer composition), which gave Mercer invaluable training. While with Whitman, he recorded two duets with fellow band member Jack Teagarden, "Fare Thee Well to Harlem" and "Christmas Night in Harlem." Both are talk songs in a heavy Black accent. The latter was a best-selling record.[18] After several songs which didn't catch fire during his time with Whiteman, he wrote and sang "Pardon My Southern Accent". Mercer's fortunes improved dramatically with a chance pairing with Indiana-born Hoagy Carmichael, already famous for the standard "Stardust", who was intrigued by the "young, bouncy butterball of a man from Georgia."[19] Mercer, later well-known for rapidly writing lyrics, spent a year laboring over the ones for "Lazybones", which became a hit one week after its first radio broadcast, and each received a large royalty check of $1250.[20] A regional song in pseudo-black dialect, it captured the mood of the times, especially in rural America. Mercer became a member of ASCAP and a recognized "brother" in the Tin Pan Alley fraternity, receiving congratulations from Irving Berlin, George Gershwin, and Cole Porter among others. Paul Whiteman lured Mercer back to his orchestra (to sing, write comic skits and compose songs), temporarily breaking up the working team with Carmichael.

During the golden age of sophisticated popular song of the late Twenties and early Thirties, songs were put into revues with minimal regard for plot integration. The 1930s saw a shift from revues to stage and movie musicals using song to further the plot. Demand diminished accordingly for the pure stand-alone songs that Mercer preferred. Thus, although he had established himself in the New York music world, when he was offered a job in Hollywood to compose songs and perform in low-budget musicals for RKO, he accepted and followed idol Bing Crosby west.[21]

Hollywood years

It was only when Mercer moved to Hollywood in 1935 that his career was assured.

Writing songs for movies offered two distinct advantages. The use of sensitive microphones for recording and of the lip-synching of pre-recorded songs liberated songwriters from dependence on the long vowel endings and long sustained notes required for live performance. Performers such as Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers could now sing more conversationally and more nonchalantly. Mercer, as a singer, was attuned to this shift and his style fit the need perfectly.[22]

Mercer's first Hollywood assignment was not the Astaire-Rogers vehicle of which he had dreamed but a B-movie college musical, Old Man Rhythm, to which he contributed two undistinguished songs and even worse acting. His next project, To Beat the Band, was another flop, but it did lead to a meeting and a collaboration with Fred Astaire on the moderately successful Astaire song "I'm Building Up to an Awful Let-Down".

Nearly overwhelmed by the glitter of Hollywood, Mercer found his beloved jazz and nightlife lacking. As he wrote, "Hollywood was never much of a night town. Everybody had to get up too early... the movie people were in bed with the chickens (or each other)."[23] Mercer was now in Bing Crosby's hard-drinking circle and enjoyed Crosby's company and hipster talk. Unfortunately, Mercer also began to drink more at parties and was prone to vicious outbursts when under the influence of alcohol, contrasting sharply with his ordinarily genial and gentlemanly behavior.[24] Often he would assuage the guilt he felt for this behavior by sending roses the following day to the friend or acquaintance he had treated unkindly while drunk.[25]

Mercer's first big Hollywood song "I'm an Old Cowhand from the Rio Grande" was inspired by a road trip through Texas (he wrote both the music and the lyric). It was performed by Crosby in the film Rhythm on the Range in 1936, and from there on the demand for Mercer as a lyricist took off. His second hit that year was "Goody Goody". In 1937, Mercer began employment with the Warner Brothers studio, working with the veteran composer Richard Whiting (Ain't We Got Fun?), soon producing his standard, "Too Marvelous for Words", followed by "Hooray for Hollywood". After Whiting's sudden death from a heart attack, Mercer joined forces with Harry Warren and created "Jeepers Creepers",[26] which earned Mercer his first Oscar nomination for Best Song (1938). It was given a memorable recording by Louis Armstrong. Another hit with Warren in 1938 was "You Must Have Been a Beautiful Baby". The pair also created "Hooray for Spinach", a comic song produced for the film Naughty but Nice in 1939.

During a lull at Warners, Mercer revived his singing career. He joined Bing Crosby's informal minstrel shows put on by the "Westwood Marching and Chowder Club", which included many Hollywood luminaries and brought together Crosby and Bob Hope.[27] Mercer wrote several numerous duets for himself and Crosby to perform, several were recorded and two, "Mr. Gallagher and Mr. Shean" (1938) and "Mister Meadowlark" (1940) became hits. [28]

In 1939, Mercer wrote the lyrics to a melody by Ziggy Elman, a trumpet player with Benny Goodman. The song was "And the Angels Sing" and, although recorded by Bing Crosby and Count Basie, it was the Goodman version with vocal by Martha Tilton and memorable klezmer style trumpet solo by Elman that became the Number One hit. Years later, the title was inscribed on Mercer's tombstone.

Mercer was invited to the Camel Caravan radio show in New York to sing his hits and create satirical songs with the Benny Goodman orchestra, then becoming the emcee of the nationally broadcast show for several months. Two more hits followed shortly, "Day In, Day Out" and "Fools Rush In", and Mercer in short order had five of the top ten songs on the popular radio show Your Hit Parade.[29] Mercer also started a short-lived publishing company during his stay in New York. On a lucky streak, Mercer undertook a musical with Hoagy Carmichael, but Walk with Music (originally called Three After Three) was a bomb, with story quality not matching that of the score. Another disappointment for Mercer was the selection of Johnny Burke as the long-term songwriter for the Hope-Crosby "Road" pictures.

Shortly thereafter, Mercer met an ideal musical collaborator in the form of Harold Arlen whose jazz and blues-influenced compositions provided Mercer's sophisticated, idiomatic lyrics a perfect musical vehicle. Now Mercer's lyrics began to display the combination of sophisticated wit and southern regional vernacular that characterize some of his best songs. Their first hit was "Blues in the Night" (1941), which Arthur Schwartz claimed was "probably the greatest blues song ever written."[30]

They went on to compose "One for My Baby (and One More for the Road)" (1941), "Ac-Cent-Tchu-Ate the Positive" (1944), [31] That Old Black Magic" (1942),[32] and Come Rain or Come Shine" (1946) among others.[33]

Frank Sinatra was particularly successful with the first two and Bing Crosby with the third. "Come Rain" was Mercer's only Broadway hit, composed for the show St. Louis Woman with Pearl Bailey. "On the Atchison, Topeka and the Santa Fe" with music by Harry Warren, was a big smash for Judy Garland in the 1946 film The Harvey Girls, and earned Mercer the first of his four Academy Awards for Best Song, after eight unsuccessful nominations.

Mercer re-united with Hoagy Carmichael with "Skylark" (1941),[32] and the Oscar-winning "In the Cool, Cool, Cool of the Evening" (1951). With Jerome Kern, Mercer created You Were Never Lovelier for Fred Astaire and Rita Hayworth in the movie of the same name,[32] as well as "I'm Old Fashioned".

Mercer founded Capitol Records in Hollywood in 1942, with the help of producer Buddy DeSylva and record store owner Glen Wallichs.[1] He also co-founded Cowboy Records. As the founder active in the management of Capitol during the 40s, he signed many of its important recording artists, including Nat "King" Cole. It also gave him an outlet for his own recordings. His hit "Strip Polka" was its third release. But Mercer recorded not only his own songs but ones by others as well. His four million-sellers were his own "Ac-Cent-Tchu-Ate the Positive" and "On the Atchison, Topeka, and the Santa Fe,. and two by other composers, "Candy" and "Personality".

Mercer by the mid-1940s enjoyed a reputation as one of the premier Hollywood lyricists. He was adaptable, listening carefully and absorbing a tune and then transforming it into his own style. Like Irving Berlin, he was a close follower of cultural fashion and changing language, which in part accounted for the long tenure of his success. He loved many words (Too Marvelous for Words), including puns (Strip Polka), and current terms ("G. I. Jive"). He loved sounds, too, especially the train whistle sounds in Blues in the Night" and "On the Atchison, Topeka, and the Santa Fe." He ranks with Cole Porter and Larry Hart in the cleverness of his lyrics.

Mercer preferred to have the music first, taking it home and working on it. He claimed composers had no problem with this method provided that he returned with the lyrics. Only with Arlen and Whiting did Mercer occasionally work side-by-side.

Mercer was often asked to write new lyrics to already popular tunes. The lyrics to "Laura", "Midnight Sun", and "Satin Doll" were all written after the melodies had become hits. He was also asked to compose English lyrics to foreign songs, the most famous example being "Autumn Leaves". based on the French "Les Feuilles Mortes".

Radio programs

In 1943, Johnny Mercer's Music Shop was a summer replacement for The Pepsodent Show on NBC.[34] Mercer was the star, and singers Ella Mae Morse and Jo Stafford were regulars on the program, with musical support from The Pied Pipers and Paul Weston and his orchestra.[35] The Chesterfield Music Shop, a similar program in a 15-minute version, was broadcast in 1944.[34]

1950s–1970s

In the 1950s, the advent of rock and roll and the transition of jazz into "bebop" cut deeply into Mercer's natural audience, and dramatically reduced venues for his songs. His continual string of hits came to an end but many great songs were still to come. Mercer wrote for some MGM films, including Seven Brides for Seven Brothers (1954) and Merry Andrew (1958). He collaborated on three Broadway musicals in the 1950s—Top Banana (1951), Li'l Abner (1956), and Saratoga (1959).

Mercer made occasional television appearances. In the 1953–1954 season, he guest starred as himself on ABC's Jukebox Jury, a musical/quiz program on which celebrities judge the latest releases from the recording companies.[36] In 1954, he appeared on NBC's The Donald O'Connor Show.

His more successful songs of the 1950s include "The Glow-Worm" (sung by the Mills Brothers) and "Something's Gotta Give". In 1961, he wrote the lyrics to "Moon River" for Audrey Hepburn in Breakfast at Tiffany's and for Days of Wine and Roses, both with music by Henry Mancini, and Mercer received his third and fourth Oscars for Best Song. The back-to-back Oscars were the first time a songwriting team had achieved that feat.[37] Mercer, also with Mancini, wrote "Charade" for the 1963 Cary Grant-Audrey Hepburn romantic thriller with the same name. The Tony Bennett classic "I Wanna Be Around" was written by Mercer in 1962, as was the Sinatra hit "Summer Wind" in 1965.

An indication of the high esteem in which Mercer was held can be observed in that in 1964 he became the only lyricist to have his work recorded as a volume of Ella Fitzgerald's celebrated Songbook albums for the Verve label. Yet Mercer always remained humble about his work, attributing much to luck and timing. He was fond of telling the story of how he was offered the job of doing the lyrics for Johnny Mandel's music on The Sandpiper, only to have the producer turn his lyrics down. The producer offered the commission to Paul Francis Webster and the result was "The Shadow of Your Smile" which became a huge hit, winning the 1965 Oscar for Best Original Song. However, Mercer and Mandel did collaborate on the 1964 song, Emily, from the motion picture, The Americanization of Emily starring Julie Andrews.[7]

In 1969, Mercer helped publishers Abe Olman and Howie Richmond found the National Academy of Popular Music's Songwriters Hall of Fame. In 1971, Mercer presented a retrospective of his career for the "Lyrics and Lyricists Series" in New York, including an omnibus of his "greatest hits" and a performance by Margaret Whiting. It was recorded live as An Evening with Johnny Mercer.[38] In 1974, he collaborated on the West End production The Good Companions. He also recorded two albums of his songs in London in 1974, with the Pete Moore Orchestra and with the Harry Roche Constellation, later compiled into a single album and released as ...My Huckleberry Friend: Johnny Mercer Sings the Songs of Johnny Mercer.

Late in his life, Mercer became friends with pianist Emma Kelly. He gave her the nickname "The Lady of Six-Thousand Songs" after challenging her, over several years, to play numerous songs he named. He kept track of the requests, and estimated she knew six-thousand songs from memory.[39]

Posthumous success
Self-portrait and signature of Johnny Mercer from bench at his grave in Bonaventure Cemetery in Savannah, Georgia.

In his last year, Mercer became fond of pop singer Barry Manilow, in part because Manilow's first hit record was of a song titled "Mandy", which was also the name of Mercer's daughter Amanda. After Mercer's death in 1976 from a brain tumor, his widow, Ginger Mehan Mercer, arranged to give some unfinished lyrics he had written to Manilow to possibly develop into complete songs. Among these was a piece titled "When October Goes", a melancholy remembrance of lost love. Manilow applied his own melody to the lyric and issued it as a single in 1984, when it became a top 10 Adult Contemporary hit in the United States. The song has since become a jazz standard, with notable recordings by Rosemary Clooney, Nancy Wilson, and Megon McDonough, among other performers.

Singing style

Well regarded also as a singer, with a folksy quality, Mercer was a natural for his own songs such as "Ac-Cent-Tchu-Ate the Positive", "On the Atchison, Topeka and the Santa Fe", "One for My Baby (and One More for the Road)", and "Lazybones". He was considered a first-rate performer of his own work.[7]

It has been said that he penned "One for My Baby (and One More for the Road)"—one of the great torch laments of all times—on a napkin while sitting at the bar at P. J. Clarke's when Tommy Joyce was the bartender. The next day Mercer called Joyce to apologize for the line "So, set 'em up, Joe," explaining "I couldn't get your name to rhyme."

ATCO Records issued Two of a Kind in 1961, a duet album by Bobby Darin and Johnny Mercer with Billy May and his Orchestra, produced by Ahmet Ertegun.

Personal life

In 1931, Mercer married Ginger Meehan, a chorus girl, later a seamstress; and in 1940, when he was 30, the Mercers adopted a daughter, Amanda ("Mandy"). In 1960, Mandy married Bob Corwin, pianist for Peggy Lee, Anita O'Day, Carmen McRae, and Mercer's long time accompanist. They had a son, Jim Corwin, in 1961.[40]

In 1941, shortly after the death of his father, Mercer began an affair with 19-year-old Judy Garland while she was engaged to composer David Rose. Garland married Rose to stop the affair, but the effect on Mercer lingered, adding to the emotional depth of his lyrics. Their affair revived later. Mercer stated that his song "I Remember You" was the most direct expression of his feelings for Garland.[41]

Mercer died on June 25, 1976, from an inoperable brain tumor, in the Bel Air neighborhood of Los Angeles, California. He was buried in Savannah's historic Bonaventure Cemetery.[42] The simple line drawing caricature adorning his memorial bench is in fact a reproduction of a self-portrait.

Awards and legacy

Academy Awards

Mercer won four Academy Awards on eighteen nominations for Best Original Song:

Mercer was also nominated for Best Original Song Score for the 1970 Mancini collaboration Darling Lili.[43]

Other

In 1980, the Songwriters Hall of Fame established the annual Johnny Mercer Award as its highest honor, for songwriters with a history of outstanding creative works.[44] Mercer was honored by the United States Postal Service with his portrait placed on a stamp in 1996. Mercer's star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 1628 Vine Street is a block away from the Capitol Records building at 1750 Vine Street.

In 1983, Mercer earned a posthumous nomination for a Tony Award for Best Original Score for his original lyrics and for Gene de Paul's original music and score with new songs by Al Kasha and Joel Hirschhorn for the stage musical Seven Brides for Seven Brothers at the 37th Tony Awards,[45] but lost to Andrew Lloyd Webber and T. S. Eliot for Cats.

Mercer was given tribute in John Berendt's 1994 book Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil. The 1997 movie by Clint Eastwood based on Berendt's novel features prominently Hoagy Carmichael/Johnny Mercer song "Skylark", sung by k.d. lang. The movie soundtrack is a tribute album to Johnny Mercer, containing 14 Mercer songs performed by a variety of jazz and pop recording artists.

For the occasion of Mercer's 100th birthday in 2009 Clint Eastwood produced a documentary film on Johnny Mercer's life and work called The Dream's on Me (Turner Classic Movies). After airing on Turner Classic Movies, the film was nominated for a Primetime Emmy in the category of Outstanding Nonfiction Special.

The Complete Lyrics of Johnny Mercer was published by Knopf[46] in October 2009. The Complete Lyrics contains the texts to nearly 1,500 of his lyrics, several hundred of them appearing in print for the first time.

In November 2009, a bronze statue of Mercer was unveiled in Ellis Square in Savannah, Georgia, his hometown and birthplace. It was commissioned by the Friends of Johnny Mercer.

The Johnny Mercer Collections, including his papers and memorabilia, are preserved in the library of Georgia State University in Atlanta. GSU occasionally holds events showcasing Mercer's works.

On March 25, 2015, it was announced that Mercer's version of the popular song "Ac-Cent-Tchu-Ate the Positive" would be inducted into the Library of Congress's National Recording Registry for the song's "cultural, artistic and/or historical significance to American society and the nation's audio legacy".[47] The music was written by Harold Arlen and the lyrics by Mercer. The song was nominated for the "Academy Award for Best Original Song" at the 18th Academy Awards in 1945 after being used in the film "Here Come the Waves." In describing his inspiration for the lyrics, Mercer told the "Pop Chronicles" radio documentary "[my] publicity agent ... went to hear Father Divine and he had a sermon and his subject was 'you got to accentuate the positive and eliminate the negative.' And I said, 'Wow, that's a colorful phrase!'"[48]

Songs
Date Song title Music by Notes
1933"Lazy Bones"Hoagy Carmichael
1934"P.S. I Love You"Gordon Jenkins
1936"Goody Goody"Matty Malneck
1936"I'm an Old Cowhand from the Rio Grande"Johnny Mercer
1937"Hooray for Hollywood"Richard A. Whiting
1937"Too Marvelous for Words"Richard A. Whiting
1938"Jeepers, Creepers!"Harry Warren
1938"You Must Have Been a Beautiful Baby"Harry Warren
1938"When a Woman Loves a Man"Bernie Hanighen, Gordon Jenkins
1939"And the Angels Sing"Ziggy Elman
1939"Cuckoo in the Clock"Walter Donaldson
1939"Day In, Day Out"Rube Bloom
1939"I Thought About You"Jimmy Van Heusen
1939"Wings Over the Navy"Harry Warren
1940"Fools Rush In"Rube Bloom
1941"Blues in the Night"Harold Arlen
1941"I Remember You"Victor Schertzinger
1941"Tangerine"Victor Schertzinger
1941"This Time the Dream's on Me"Harold Arlen
1942"Moon Dreams"Chummy MacGregor (co-writer)
1942"Dearly Beloved"Jerome Kern
1942"Hit the Road to Dreamland"Harold Arlen
1942"I'm Old Fashioned"Jerome Kern
1942"Skylark"Hoagy Carmichael
1942"That Old Black Magic"Harold Arlen
1942"Trav'lin' Light"Jimmy Mundy, Trummy Young
1943"Dream"Johnny Mercer
1943"My Shining Hour"Harold Arlen
1943"One for My Baby (and One More for the Road)"Harold ArlenTheme for the 1957–1958 NBC detective series Meet McGraw
1944"Ac-Cent-Tchu-Ate the Positive"Harold Arlen
1944"G.I. Jive"Johnny Mercer
1945"Laura"David Raksin
1945"Out of This World"Harold Arlen
1946"Any Place I Hang My Hat Is Home"Harold Arlen
1946"I Had Myself a True Love"Harold Arlen
1946"Come Rain or Come Shine"Harold Arlen
1946"On the Atchison, Topeka and the Santa Fe"Harry WarrenFor the film The Harvey Girls
1947"Autumn Leaves"Joseph Kosma, orig. French lyrics by Jacques Prévert
1951"In the Cool, Cool, Cool of the Evening"Hoagy CarmichaelFor the film Here Comes the Groom
1952"I Wanna Be a Dancing Man"Harry Warren
1952"The Glow-Worm"Paul Lincke
1953"Satin Doll"Duke Ellington, Billy Strayhorn
1954"Midnight Sun"Lionel Hampton, Sonny Burke
1954"Something's Gotta Give"Johnny Mercer
1956"I'm Past My Prime"Gene de Paul
1956"Jubilation T. Cornpone"Gene de Paul
1956"Bernardine"Johnny MercerFor the film Bernardine
1956"Technique"Johnny MercerFor the film Bernardine
1959"I Wanna Be Around"Johnny Mercer, Sadie Vimmerstedt
1961"Moon River"Henry ManciniFor the film Breakfast at Tiffany's
1962"Days of Wine and Roses"Henry ManciniFor the film Days of Wine and Roses
1962"Drinking Again"Doris Tauber
1963"Charade"Henry Mancini
1963"Meglio stasera" (It Had Better Be Tonight)Henry ManciniFor the film The Pink Panther
1964"Emily"Johnny Mandel
1964"Lorna"Mort Lindsey
1964"Talk to Me, Baby"Bobby DolanFor the Broadway musical comedy Foxy
1965"Summer Wind"Henry Mayer
1970"Whistling Away the Dark"Henry ManciniFor the film Darling Lili
1973"The Phony King of England"Johnny MercerFor the Disney film Robin Hood
1984"When October Goes"Barry ManilowFrom 2:00 AM Paradise Cafe
1988"If It Can't Be You"Barry Manilow
1988"At Last"Barry Manilow
1988"Heart of Mine, Cry On"Barry Manilow
1988"When The Meadow Was Bloomin' "Barry ManilowFrom With My Lover Beside Me (Nancy Wilson album)
1988"Just Remember"Barry ManilowFrom The Complete Collection and Then Some...
1988"Can't Teach My Old Heart New Tricks"Barry ManilowFrom The Complete Collection and Then Some...

Discography
  • Johnny Mercer Sings (Capitol, 1950)
  • Two of a Kind with Bobby Darin (ATCO, 1961)
  • Johnny Mercer with Paul Weston's Orchestra 1944 (Hindsight, 1980)
  • Sweet Georgia Brown with Paul Weston (Hindsight, 1995)
  • Johnny Mercer Sings Personality (ASV-Living Era, 2002)
  • Johnny Mercer: Mosaic Select #28 (Mosaic, 2007)
  • Mercy Sings Mercer (Capitol, 2009)
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References
  1. "Johnny Mercer (1909–1976)". The New Georgia Encyclopedia. Retrieved December 9, 2006.
  2. Gene Lees, Portrait of Johnny: The Life of John Herndon Mercer, Pantheon Books, New York, 2004, ISBN 0-375-42060-6, p. 15.
  3. Lees, 2004, p. 11.
  4. Philip Furia, Skylark: The Life and Times of Johnny Mercer, St. Martin's Press, New York, 2003, ISBN 0-312-28720-8, p. 11.
  5. Lees, 2004, p. 21.
  6. Furia, 2003, pp. 12–13.
  7. Wilk, Max (1997). They're Playing Our Song. Da Capo Press. ISBN 978-0918432797.
  8. Lees, 2004, p. 28.
  9. Furia, 2003, p. 22.
  10. Furia, 2003, p. 25.
  11. Furia, 2003, p. 26.
  12. Lees, 2004, p. 32.
  13. located in Mercer County, New Jersey, which is named after his 3rd-great-grandfather
  14. Furia, 2003, p. 39.
  15. Lees, 2004, p. 58.
  16. Lees, 2004, p. 61.
  17. Furia, 2003, p.61.
  18. "Paul Whiteman and His Orchestra," Joel Whitburn, Pop Memories 1890-1954 Record Research, Menomonie Falls, WI p. 453. Mercer is on the recording but not mentioned in the listing.
  19. Furia, 2003, p. 70.
  20. Furia, 2003, p. 73.
  21. Gottfried, Martin (1984). Broadway Musicals. New York: Abradale Press. ISBN 0-8109-8060-6.
  22. Furia 2003, p. 79.
  23. Lees 2004, p. 115.
  24. Furia 2003, p. 83.
  25. Steyn, Mark (November 19, 2009). "Johnny Mercer, Moon River and me". Maclean's. Retrieved October 10, 2014.
  26. "Music USA #7881-A, Interview with Johnny Mercer". July 28, 1976.
  27. Furia 2003, p. 106.
  28. "Johnny Mercer," Whitburn, p.306.
  29. Furia 2003, p. 111.
  30. Bob Bach and Ginger Mercer, Our Huckleberry Friend: The Life, Times, and Lyrics of Johnny Mercer, Lyle Stuart, Secaucus New Jersey, 1982, ISBN 0-8184-0331-4, p. 98
  31. MacKenzie, Bob (1972-10-29). "'40s Sounds Return to Radio" (PDF). "Oakland Tribune." Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-02-09. Retrieved 2009-04-03.
  32. Gilliland 1994, cassette 1, side A.
  33. Furia, Philip (1992). Poets of Tin Pan Alley. New York & Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 151, 273–274. ISBN 0-19-507473-4.
  34. Dunning, John (1998). On the Air: The Encyclopedia of Old-Time Radio (Revised ed.). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. p. 374. ISBN 978-0-19-507678-3.
  35. "'Johnny Mercer's Music Shop' subs for Hope". The Times. Louisiana, Shreveport. June 20, 1943. p. 14. Retrieved March 26, 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
  36. Jukebox Jury: Research Video, Inc.: Music Footing Licensing Agency and Vintage Television Footage Archive
  37. Roger Hall, A Guide to Film Music: Songs and Scores, PineTree Press, 2007, p. 13.
  38. DRG 5176
  39. "Our 'Mrs. Emma'" - Statesboro Herald, October 18, 2015
  40. Paton, Chris. "Oral History Georgia State". Digitalcollections.library.gsu.edu. Retrieved October 6, 2019.
  41. Furia, 2003, pp. 130–131.
  42. Historic Bonaventure Cemetery
  43. "Academy Awards Database". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved June 19, 2016.
  44. "The Johnny Mercer Award Winners". The Johnny Mercer Foundation. Retrieved June 10, 2016.
  45. "1983 Best Original Score (nominee)" ibdb.com. Retrieved March 25, 2019
  46. The Complete Lyrics of Johnny Mercer on the Random House website.
  47. Fishman, Karen (March 26, 2015). "National Recording Registry Adds New Titles! | Now See Hear!". Blogs.loc.gov. Retrieved October 6, 2019.
  48. Gilliland, John (1994). "Pop Chronicles the 40s: The Lively Story of Pop Music in the 40s" (audiobook). ISBN 978-1-55935-147-8. OCLC 31611854. Tape 1, side B.

Further reading and listening
  • Bach, Bob; Mercer, Ginger (1982). Our Huckleberry Friend: The Life, Times, and Lyrics of Johnny Mercer. Lyle Stuart.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Eskew, Glenn T. (2013). Johnny Mercer: Southern Songwriter for the World. University of Georgia Press.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Eskew, Glenn T. (2013). "A Southern Spin on Consensus America: Johnny Mercer Skewers Politics on Broadway". Georgia Historical Quarterly. 97 (3): 322–346.
  • Furia, Philip (1990). Poets of Tin Pan Alley. Oxford University Press.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Furia, Philip (2003). Skylark: The Life and Times of Johnny Mercer. St. Martin's Press.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Gilliland, John (1994). Pop Chronicles the 40s: The Lively Story of Pop Music in the 40s (audiobook). ISBN 978-1-55935-147-8. OCLC 31611854. Mercer interviewed 1971.
  • Kimball, Robert; et al. (2009). The Complete Lyrics of Johnny Mercer. Knopf.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Lees, Gene (2004). Portrait of Johnny: The Life of John Herndon Mercer. Hal Leonard.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Wilder, Alec (1990). American Popular Song. Oxford University Press.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
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