Irgen Gioro

Irgen Gioro[3] (Manchu: ᡳᡵᡤᡝᠨ
ᡤᡳᠣᡵᠣ; Möllendorff: irgen gioro[6]) is a Manchu clan and family name, which was officially categorized as a "notable clan",[7] and member of the eight great houses of the Manchu nobility in Manchu Empire.[8][9][10][11][12][13] Sibe and Nanai people also has Irgen Gioro as their family name.[14][15]

This family name uses Manchu naming customs. The sub-clan's name or "mukūn" is Irgen and the clan's name or "hala" is Gioro
Irgen Gioro
Irgen Gioro in Complete Genealogies of the Clans and Families of the Manchu Eight Banners
Manchuᡳᡵᡤᡝᠨ
ᡤᡳᠣᡵᠣ
TransliterationIrgen Gioro(Möllendorff)
AncestorEmperor Huizong and Qinzong of Song?
OriginMuki, Yehe, Jamuhu, Singgan, Sarkū, Hunehe, Yarhū, Girin Ula, Sunggari Ula, Akuri, Fe Ala, Hada, etc.
NotablesAsan
Arjin
Turusi
Isangga
Chang Shuhong
BranchDonggo
Bayara
Monggero
Laibu
Siburu
Chinese surnameZhao in majority

History

The origin of Irgen Gioro does not have a decisive conclusion. According to a famous anecdote, the ancestors of Irgen Gioro were the emperors Huizong, Qinzong, and other imperial family members of Song dynasty who were captured by the Jurchens in the Jingkang Incident of the Jin–Song wars.[16][17] The Manchu emperors had also bestowed their family name to the founding ministers or generals who rendered outstanding service to the empire.[18] In order to differentiate from Aisin Gioro the Manchu imperial family,[19] "Irgen" was added with the meaning of "regular citizen" or "common people" and the implication of "non-imperial".[20][21]

At the early period of Manchu Empire, Irgen Gioro were recorded as 340 households.[22] They mainly distributed in Muki, Yehe, Jamuhu, Singgan, Sarkū, Hunehe, Yarhū, Girin Ula, Sunggari Ula, Akuri, Fe Ala, Hada, etc.[23] The whole clan had many famous hereditary noblemen in the empire, such as Viscount First Class Arjin and Asan of Muki; Viscount Third Class Turusi, Baron Second Class Fiyangū of Yehe and so on.[24] Among these noble families, Muki Irgen Gioro (also known as "Muki Gioro"[25]) was considered as the most politically influential one because of their important contribution to the Manchu Empire's establishment.[26] Irgen Gioro also earned numerous titles of minor nobility and 40 hereditary peers as captains (Manchu: ᠨᡳᡵᡠ
ᡳ
ᠵᠠᠩᡤᡳᠨ; Möllendorff: nirui janggin[27]) in Banner Armies.[28]

There were few instance of name change of the clan (e.g. The Manchu clan of Bayara, Monggero, Donggo, Laibu, and Siburu came from the Irgen Gioro who settled in these places.) at the early Qing Dynasty because of migration.[29] Due to the adoption of Chinese culture during the mid to late Qing dynasty, most of Irgen Gioro chose Zhao (simplified Chinese: 赵; traditional Chinese: 趙；Manchu: ᠵᠣᡠ; Möllendorff: Joo[30]), the first surname in the famous Hundred Family Surnames, as their Chinese family name. It was according to the Chinese homophone and their anecdote of origin.[31][32][33] Other utilization of Chinese family names, such as Tong, Gu, Yi, Sa, Gong, Zhao (兆), Cao, Bao, Zhe, Xi, Yu, Ge, Ma, Gao, Hu, Bai, and Chen, are also reported.[34]

Notable figures
Emperor Huizong of Song, allegedly the ancestor of Irgen Gioro clan
A statue of Chang Shuhong
Noble Consort Xun

Males

Ministers and Generals
NameSub-clanRemarks
ArjinMukiHereditary Viscount First Class
AsanMukiArjin's elder cousin, hereditary Viscount First Class
FiyangūYeheHereditary Baron Second Class
FulataNeyinViceroy of Liangjiang and Minister of Justice
G'ag'ai[35]Hunehea main creator of Manchu alphabet
GūbadaiSunggari UlaHereditary Master Commandant of Light Chariot, Minister of Rites
IsanggaWarkaGrand Secretariat of the Empire
JinšunGirin UlaIli General, earned a minor noble title of Knight Commandant of Cavalry and a warrior title of "Tulgeci Baturu"
TurusiYeheFiyangū's older brother, hereditary Viscount Third Class

Prince Consort
DatePrince ConsortPrincess
1583Gahašan HashūTaksi's daughter (d. 1624) by Empress Xuan (Hitara Emeci)
1644 or 1645KuazhaHong Taiji's sixth daughter (1633–1649) by secondary consort (Jarud Borjigit)
1723FusenggeYinxiang's second daughter (1707–1726) by primary consort (Joogiya)

Modern
NameRemarks
Chang Shuhongthe head of Dunhuang Research Academy
Zhao ErmiHerpetologist and a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences

Females

Imperial Consort
Imperial ConsortEmperorSonsDaughters
Secondary consortNurhaci7. Abatai, Prince Raoyumin (1589–1646)2. Princess (Yanzhe; 1587–1646)
Mistress7. Lady (1604–1685)
Hong Taiji7. Duke Cangšu (1637–1700)
Noble Consort Xun (1758–1798)Qianlong Emperor
Concubine Rong (1837–1869)Xianfeng Emperor

Princess Consort
Princess ConsortPrinceSonsDaughters
Primary consortFiyanggū1. Natai (1632–1674)
2. Caigui (1636–1684)
MistressHooge, Prince Suwu7. Shushu (1645–1685)
Primary consortPrince Yunzhi1. Hongyu (1696–1718)1. Princess (1688–1711)
2. Princess (1689–1716)
3. Lady (1691–1723)
4. Lady (1692–1711)
MistressYunzhi, Prince Chengyin3. Princess (1702–1746)
Yunyou, Prince Chundu
Secondary consortYunti, Prince Xunqin3. Hongying (1707–1771)1. (b. 1705)
4. Lady (b. 1706)
Mistress7. Princess (b. 1753)
Primary consortPrince Yunhu1. Prince Honglong (1727–1784)1. Princess (1730–1775)
2. Princess (1731–1785)
Secondary consortYonghuang, Prince Ding'an2. Mian'en, Prince Dinggong (1747–1822)
Primary consortYongcheng, Prince Lüduan
gollark: Also verbose code.
gollark: Do you *want* OOP code, though?
gollark: I have no idea, and it was kind of a bad idea anyway.
gollark: An esolang for those CPU security vunerabilities from recently? Can't think of much else.
gollark: Madness but cool sounding.

See also

References

Citations
  1. International Arts and Sciences Press 1982, p. 21
  2. 中国関係論說資料保存会 2004, p. 101
  3. Sometimes transliterated as IrgenGioro.[1][2]
  4. Vargyas 2015, p. 270)
  5. Hu 1994, p. 347
  6. Sometimes alternatively spelled "Irgen Giyoro"(ᡳᡵᡤᡝᠨ
    ᡤᡳᠶᠣᡵᠣ    [4][5]) in Manchu.
  7. Hungjeo 2002, p. 181
  8. Rawski 1998, p. 66
  9. Elliott 2001, p. 398
  10. Chen 1997, pp. 229–230
  11. Xu 1986, pp. 2144–2145
  12. Yang 1933, pp. 1–2
  13. Jooliyan 1980, p. 316
  14. "Xibe Language Association of Xinjiang: Brief Introduction of Xibe Family Names (simplified Chinese)". Archived from the original on 2016-03-10. Retrieved 2012-11-09.
  15. Zhao & Yao 1997, p. 76(Zhuyeting Various Notes)
  16. Zhao 2012, p. 5
  17. American Geographical Society of New York 1940, p. 116
  18. Liu 2012, p. 4
  19. Zheng 2009, p. 44
  20. Elliott 2001, p. 133
  21. Norman 2013, p. 199
  22. Zhao 2012, p. 380
  23. Hungjeo 2002, pp. 179, 180, 189, 190, 199, 200, 207, 208, 209
  24. Zhao 2012, pp. 381–383
  25. 中国社会科学院近代史研究所政治史研究室 2011, p. 62
  26. Du 2008, p. 75
  27. Elliott 2001, p. 59
  28. Zhao 2012, pp. 491–519
  29. Zhao 2012, pp. 372, 373, 383, 384, 385
  30. Hu 1994, p. 876
  31. Jin, Jin & Ulhicun 1996, p. 207
  32. Jin 2009, pp. 118, 126
  33. Zhao 2012, pp. 5, 381
  34. Zhao 2012, p. 381
  35. Kanda 1956, p. 752

Sources
Eight Great Clans of Manchu Nobility
Tunggiya | Gūwalgiya | Nara | Aisin Gioro | Tatara | Niohuru | Šumuru | Hešeri
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