Indian locomotive class WCM-2

The Indian locomotive class WCM-2 is a class of 1.5 kV DC electric locomotives that was developed in 1956 by Vulcan Foundry and English Electric for Indian Railways. The model name stands for broad gauge (W), Direct Current (C), Mixed traffic (M) engine, 2nd generation (2). They entered service in 1957. A total of 12 WCM-2 locomotives was built at England between 1956 and 1957.

Indian locomotive class WCM-2
A WCM-2 rest after hauling the Punjab mail
Type and origin
Power typeElectric
DesignerVulcan Foundry,English Electric
BuilderEnglish Electric,Vulcan Foundry
Order number1205/5955/55
ModelEM2
Build date21 February 1956
Total produced12
RebuilderResearch Design and Standards Organisation
Rebuild dateAugust 5, 1976
Number rebuiltAll 12
Specifications
Configuration:
​
 • AARC-C
 • UICCo′Co′
 • CommonwealthCo-Co
Gauge5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm)
Bogies3 Axle fabricated frame, Swing bolster with Equalizer beams
Wheel diameterNew:1,092 mm (3 ft 7 in),
Half worn:1,055 mm (3 ft 5 1⁄2 in) and
Full worn:1,116 mm (3 ft 8 in)
Wheelbase2,248 mm (7 ft 5 in)
Length:
​
 • Over couplers20.066 m (65 ft 10 in)
 • Body18.745 m (61 ft 6 in)
Width3.245 m (10 ft 7 3⁄4 in)
Height4.293 m (14 ft 1 in)
Frame type3 Axle fabricated frame
Axle load18.80 tonnes (18.50 long tons; 20.72 short tons)
Loco weight112.80 tonnes (111.02 long tons; 124.34 short tons)
Sandbox cap.24 sandboxes each with 63.5 Kg capacity
Power supply110 V DC
Electric system/s1.5 kV DC Overhead
Current pickup(s)pantograph
Traction motorsE.E.531A
 • Rating 1 hour286A
 • Continuous260A
Gear ratio16:62
MU workingNot possible
Loco brakeAir/Hand
Train brakesVacuum
Compressor7.03 kg/cm²
Safety systemsOver voltage relay, No volt relay, Low pressure governor, Vacuum governor Train parting alarms, and Brake cylinder cutoff valve
Performance figures
Maximum speed120.5 km/h (75 mph)
Power output:
​
 • StartingMax:3,120 hp (2,330 kW)
 • 1 hourMax:3,090 hp (2,300 kW)
 • ContinuousMax:2,810 hp (2,100 kW)
Tractive effort:
​
 • Starting31,298 kgf (310 kN)
 • 1 hour14,000 kgf (140 kN)
 • Continuous12,300 kgf (120 kN)
Factor of adh.25
Career
OperatorsIndian Railways
ClassEM/2
Numbers20175-186
NicknamesBlueBird
LocaleCentral Railways
Delivered1956-1957
First run1957 ER, 1961 CR
Last runJanuary 2000
RetiredMarch 2000
WithdrawnApril 2001
Preservednone
ScrappedFeb 28, 2005
Current ownerChennai Rail Museum
DispositionAll have been scrapped.

The WCM-2 served both passenger and freight trains for over 43 years. With the introduction of more modern types of locomotives and 25 KV AC electrification, all were withdrawn in early 2000s after repeated failures. Today Sadly all locomotives have been Scrapped.

History

The history of WCM-2 begins in the early 1950s with the stated aim of the Indian Railways (IR) to remove steam locomotives working in the Eastern Railways (ER) after recommendation of Karnail Singh Fuel Committee.[1][2] In 1950s the Kolkata Suburban Railway was established and electrified with overhead 3000V DC supply.[3] So Indian Railways began to look at various designs.

Initially, the Indian railways invited tenders to build locomotives to the new specification. The following responses were received:

  • Vulcan Foundry and English Electric submitted their model with 3120 hp with top speed of 105 km/h.
  • Hitachi submitted their model with 3600 hp with top speed of 105 km/h. They also had Co-Co bogies

Each company submitted their prototypes and Indian Railways designated these prototypes as the WCM-2 class and WCM-3 class respectively.[4]

So Indian Railways decided to procure 7 3000 V DC electric locomotives from English Electric and Vulcan Foundry, the latter previously supplied Steam locomotives to India. They are manufactured in England and shipped to India in 1957. These locomotives were the second mixed class electric locomotive to roam India and also had now common Co-Co wheel arrangement.[5] Initially the WCM-2 class were known as EM/2 class. They were easily recognizable with their huge size and round smooth noses. They had their cab doors placed near the cab unlike the WCM-1 class.

The WCM-2 were first used on trains in the Kolkata suburban section and a black livery with a red lining in the middle.[6] But by 1960 the Kolkata Suburban Railway was converted to 25,000 V AC, so the 3 year old WCM-2 units were rendered unusable. So Research Design and Standards Organisation (RDSO) decided to converted the quite new locomotives to run on the 1500V DC Power supply used in Central Railway (CR) without loss of power.

They began their CR zone service in 1961.The WCM-2 locomotives were used on many Express trains like the Deccan Queen, Indrayani Express etc, but rarely used on Freight service. In mid 1990s the aging WCM-1 began to fail regularly causing disruption in train services. So Central Railways decided to withdraw these locomotive from services and by 2000, all units were withdrawn.

Former sheds
  • Pune
  • Kalyan (KYN)
  • All the locomotives of this class has been withdrawn from service.
gollark: --userdata set bee apiary
gollark: --roll 3d6
gollark: --roll 1d6
gollark: Well, that's a bit of an apiary form!
gollark: Hmm.

See also

References
  1. "Report of the expert Committee on Coal Consumption on Railways, 1958". INDIAN CULTURE. Retrieved 2020-04-29.
  2. Gudgin, D.S.E. (1976). Vulcan Foundry Locomotives 1832–1956. Truro: Bradford Barton. ISBN 978-0-85153-215-8.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  3. History of EMU on Eastern Railway and South Eastern Railway, South Eastern Railway, 27 November 2018
  4. "[IRFCA] Indian Railways FAQ: Locomotives - General Information - I". www.irfca.org. Retrieved 2020-04-18.
  5. "Refer pg 260" (PDF).
  6. Express train in India with commuters in the doorways, 1960's. Archive film 61232, retrieved 2020-05-21
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