Hydrogen sulfide sensor

A hydrogen sulfide sensor or H₂S sensor is a gas sensor for the measurement of hydrogen sulfide.[1]

In a laboratory, hydrogen sulfide is prepared by the action of dilute sulfuric acid on iron sulfide.

FeS(s)+H₂SO₄(aq) → FeSO₄(aq) + H₂S(g)

Concentrated sulfuric acid and nitric acid cannot be used for this process as they oxidize hydrogen sulfide to sulfur. A Woulf's bottle is fitted with a thistle funnel and a delivery tube. Diluted H₂SO₄ is run down the funnel so as to cover the iron sulfide placed at bottom of the bottle. When iron sulfide reacts with diluted sulfuric acid, hydrogen sulfide is formed which is collected in the gas jar by upward displacement of air.

Purification of hydrogen sulfide gas

H₂S gas obtained from above may contain hydrogen gas and acid impurities. So it is passed through a suspension of MgO in water which gives magnesium bisulfide. The bisulfide on heating above 60 °C gives a steady stream of pure H₂S gas.

MgO + 2H₂S → Mg(HS)₂ + H₂O (magnesium bisulfide)

Mg(HS)₂ → MgS + H₂S

Drying of gas

H₂S gas is dried over phosphorus pentoxide (P₂O₅).

Applications

This type of sensor has been under constant development because of the toxic and corrosive nature of hydrogen sulfide:

a H₂S sensor is used to detect hydrogen sulfide in the hydrogen feed stream of fuel cells to prevent catalyst poisoning and to measure the quality of guard beds used to remove sulfur from hydrocarbon fuels.[2]
a hydrogen sulfide sensor is used in personal protective equipment to warn for the presence of hydrogen sulfide gas, e.g. on acid gas production sites.

Research

2004 – a nanocrystalline SnO₂–Ag on ceramic wafer sensor is reported.[3]

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References

Sensors
Acoustic, sound, vibration	Geophone Hydrophone Microphone Seismometer
Automotive, transportation	Air–fuel ratio meter Blind spot monitor Crankshaft position sensor Curb feeler Defect detector Engine coolant temperature sensor Hall effect sensor MAP sensor Mass flow sensor Omniview technology Oxygen sensor Parking sensors Radar gun Speed sensor Speedometer Throttle position sensor Tire-pressure monitoring system Torque sensor Transmission fluid temperature sensor Turbine speed sensor Variable reluctance sensor Vehicle speed sensor Water sensor Wheel speed sensor
Chemical	Breathalyzer Carbon dioxide sensor Carbon monoxide detector Catalytic bead sensor Chemical field-effect transistor Electrochemical gas sensor Electrolyte–insulator–semiconductor sensor Electronic nose Fluorescent chloride sensors Holographic sensor Hydrocarbon dew point analyzer Hydrogen sensor Hydrogen sulfide sensor Infrared point sensor Ion selective electrode ISFET Microwave chemistry sensor Nitrogen oxide sensor Nondispersive infrared sensor Olfactometer Optode Oxygen sensor Pellistor pH glass electrode Potentiometric sensor Redox electrode Smoke detector Zinc oxide nanorod sensor
Electric, magnetic, radio	Current sensor Electroscope Galvanometer Hall effect sensor Hall probe Magnetic anomaly detector Magnetometer MEMS magnetic field sensor Metal detector Planar Hall sensor Radio direction finder Test light
Environment, weather, moisture	Actinometer Bedwetting alarm Ceilometer Dew warning Electrochemical gas sensor Fish counter Frequency domain sensor Gas detector Hook gauge evaporimeter Humistor Hygrometer Leaf sensor Psychrometer Pyranometer Pyrgeometer Rain gauge Rain sensor SNOTEL Snow gauge Soil moisture sensor Stream gauge Tide gauge Weather radar
Flow, fluid velocity	Air flow meter Anemometer Flow sensor Gas meter Mass flow sensor Water metering
Ionising radiation, subatomic particles	Bubble chamber Cloud chamber Geiger–Müller tube Geiger counter Ionization chamber Neutron detection Particle detector Proportional counter Scintillation counter Semiconductor detector Scintillator Thermoluminescent dosimeter Wire chamber
Navigation instruments	Airspeed indicator Machmeter Altimeter Attitude indicator Depth gauge Fluxgate compass Gyroscope Inertial navigation system Inertial reference unit Magnetic compass MHD sensor Ring laser gyroscope Turn coordinator Variometer Vibrating structure gyroscope Yaw-rate sensor
Position, angle, displacement	Accelerometer Angular rate sensor Auxanometer Capacitive displacement sensor Capacitive sensing Gravimeter Inclinometer Incremental encoder Integrated circuit piezoelectric sensor Laser rangefinder Laser surface velocimeter Lidar Linear encoder Linear variable differential transformer Liquid capacitive inclinometers Odometer Photoelectric sensor Piezoelectric accelerometer Position sensor Rotary encoder Rotary variable differential transformer Selsyn Sudden Motion Sensor Tachometer Tilt sensor Ultrasonic thickness gauge Variable reluctance sensor Velocity receiver
Optical, light, imaging	Active-pixel sensor Angle–sensitive pixel Back-illuminated sensor Charge-coupled device Contact image sensor Electro-optical sensor Flame detector Image sensor Image sensor format Infrared Kinetic inductance detector LED as light sensor Light-addressable potentiometric sensor Nichols radiometer Optical fiber Photodetector Photodiode Photoelectric sensor Photoionization detector Photomultiplier Photoresistor Photoswitch Phototransistor Phototube Position sensitive device Scintillometer Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor Single-photon avalanche diode Superconducting nanowire single-photon detector Transition edge sensor Tristimulus colorimeter Visible Light Photon Counter Wavefront sensor
Pressure	Barograph Barometer Boost gauge Bourdon gauge Hot-filament ionization gauge Ionization gauge McLeod gauge Oscillating U-tube Permanent Downhole Gauge Piezometer Pirani gauge Pressure gauge Pressure sensor Tactile sensor Time pressure gauge
Force, density, level	Bhangmeter Force gauge Hydrometer Level sensor Load cell Magnetic level gauge Nuclear density gauge Piezoelectric sensor Strain gauge Torque sensor Viscometer
Thermal, heat, temperature	Bimetallic strip Bolometer Calorimeter Exhaust gas temperature gauge Flame detection Gardon gauge Golay cell Heat flux sensor Infrared thermometer Microbolometer Microwave radiometer Net radiometer Quartz thermometer Resistance thermometer Silicon bandgap temperature sensor Special sensor microwave/imager Thermistor Thermocouple Thermometer
Proximity, presence	Alarm sensor Doppler radar Motion detector Occupancy sensor Passive infrared sensor Proximity sensor Reed switch Stud finder Touch switch Triangulation sensor Wired glove
Sensor technology	Active pixel sensor Back-illuminated sensor Biochip BioFET Biosensor Capacitance probe Carbon paste electrode Catadioptric sensor Digital sensors Displacement receiver Electromechanical film Electro-optical sensor Fabry–Pérot interferometer Fisheries acoustics Image sensor Image sensor format Inductive sensor Intelligent sensor Lab-on-a-chip Leaf sensor Machine vision Microelectromechanical systems MOSFET Photoelasticity Quantum sensor Radar Ground-penetrating radar Synthetic aperture radar Radar tracker Sensor array Sensor fusion Sensor grid Sensor node Soft sensor Sonar Staring array Transducer Ultrasonic sensor Video sensor technology Visual sensor network Wheatstone bridge Wireless sensor network
Related	List of sensors

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