Hull classification symbol

The United States Navy, United States Coast Guard, and United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) use a hull classification symbol (sometimes called hull code or hull number) to identify their ships by type and by individual ship within a type. The system is analogous to the pennant number system that the Royal Navy and other European and Commonwealth navies use.

This article is about the U.S. Navy, U.S. Coast Guard, and NOAA systems. For the similar system used by Canadian Forces, see Hull classification symbol (Canada).

History

United States Navy

The U.S. Navy began to assign unique Naval Registry Identification Numbers to its ships in the 1890s. The system was a simple one in which each ship received a number which was appended to its ship type, fully spelled out, and added parenthetically after the ship's name when deemed necessary to avoid confusion between ships. Under this system, for example, the battleship Indiana was USS Indiana (Battleship No. 1,) the cruiser Olympia was USS Olympia (Cruiser No. 6,) and so on. Beginning in 1907, some ships also were referred to alternatively by single-letter or three-letter codes—for example, USS Indiana (Battleship No. 1) could be referred to as USS Indiana (B-1) and USS Olympia (Cruiser No. 6) could also be referred to as USS Olympia (C-6), while USS Pennsylvania (Armored Cruiser No. 4) could be referred to as USS Pennsylvania (ACR-4). However, rather than replacing it, these codes coexisted and were used interchangeably with the older system until the modern system was instituted on 17 July 1920.[1]

During World War I, the U.S. Navy acquired large numbers of privately owned and commercial ships and craft for use as patrol vessels, mine warfare vessels, and various types of naval auxiliary ships, some of them with identical names. To keep track of them all, the Navy assigned unique identifying numbers to them. Those deemed appropriate for patrol work received section patrol numbers (SP), while those intended for other purposes received "identification numbers", generally abbreviated "Id. No." or "ID;" some ships and craft changed from an SP to an ID number or vice versa during their careers, without their unique numbers themselves changing, and some ships and craft assigned numbers in anticipation of naval service were never acquired by the Navy. The SP/ID numbering sequence was unified and continuous, with no SP number repeated in the ID series or vice versa so that there could not be, for example, both an "SP-435" and an "Id. No 435". The SP and ID numbers were used parenthetically after each boat's or ship's name to identify it; although this system pre-dated the modern hull classification system and its numbers were not referred to at the time as "hull codes" or "hull numbers," it was used in a similar manner to today's system and can be considered its precursor.[2]

United States Revenue Cutter Service and United States Coast Guard

The United States Revenue Cutter Service, which merged with the United States Lifesaving Service in January 1915 to form the modern United States Coast Guard, began following the Navy's lead in the 1890s, with its cutters having parenthetical numbers called Naval Registry Identification Numbers following their names, such as (Cutter No. 1), etc. This persisted until the Navy's modern hull classification system's introduction in 1920, which included Coast Guard ships and craft.

United States Coast and Geodetic Survey

Like the U.S. Navy, the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey – a uniformed seagoing service of the United States Government and a predecessor of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) – adopted a hull number system for its fleet in the 20th century. Its largest vessels, "Category I" oceanographic survey ships, were classified as "ocean survey ships" and given the designation "OSS". Intermediate-sized "Category II" oceanographic survey ships received the designation "MSS" for "medium survey ship," and smaller "Category III" oceanographic survey ships were given the classification "CSS" for "coastal survey ship." A fourth designation, "ASV" for "auxiliary survey vessel," included even smaller vessels. In each case, a particular ship received a unique designation based on its classification and a unique hull number separated by a space rather than a hyphen; for example, the third Coast and Geodetic Survey ship named Pioneer was an ocean survey ship officially known as USC&GS Pioneer (OSS 31).[3][4] The Coast and Geodetic Survey's system persisted after the creation of NOAA in 1970, when NOAA took control of the Survey's fleet, but NOAA later changed to its modern hull classification system.

The modern hull classification system

United States Navy

The U.S. Navy instituted its modern hull classification system on 17 July 1920, doing away with section patrol numbers, "identification numbers", and the other numbering systems described above. In the new system, all hull classification symbols are at least two letters; for basic types the symbol is the first letter of the type name, doubled, except for aircraft carriers.

The combination of symbol and hull number identifies a modern Navy ship uniquely. A heavily modified or re-purposed ship may receive a new symbol, and either retain the hull number or receive a new one. For example, the heavy gun cruiser USS Boston (CA-69) was converted to a gun/missile cruiser, changing the hull number to CAG-1. Also, the system of symbols has changed a number of times both since it was introduced in 1907 and since the modern system was instituted in 1920, so ships' symbols sometimes change without anything being done to the physical ship.[5]

Hull numbers are assigned by classification. Duplication between, but not within, classifications is permitted. Hence, CV-1 was the aircraft carrier USS Langley and BB-1 was the battleship USS Indiana.

Ship types and classifications have come and gone over the years, and many of the symbols listed below are not presently in use. The Naval Vessel Register maintains an online database of U.S. Navy ships showing which symbols are presently in use.

After World War II until 1975, the U.S. Navy defined a "frigate" as a type of surface warship larger than a destroyer and smaller than a cruiser. In other navies, such a ship generally was referred to as a "flotilla leader", or "destroyer leader". Hence the U.S. Navy's use of "DL" for "frigate" prior to 1975, while "frigates" in other navies were smaller than destroyers and more like what the U.S. Navy termed a "destroyer escort", "ocean escort", or "DE". The United States Navy 1975 ship reclassification of cruisers, frigates, and ocean escorts brought U.S. Navy classifications into line with other nations' classifications, at least cosmetically in terms of terminology, and eliminated the perceived "cruiser gap" with the Soviet Navy by redesignating the former "frigates" as "cruisers".

Military Sealift Command

If a U.S. Navy ship's hull classification symbol begins with "T-", it is part of the Military Sealift Command, has a primarily civilian crew, and is a United States Naval Ship (USNS) in non-commissioned service – as opposed to a commissioned United States Ship (USS) with an all-military crew.

United States Coast Guard

If a ship's hull classification symbol begins with "W", it is a commissioned cutter of the United States Coast Guard. Until 1965, the Coast Guard used U.S. Navy hull classification codes, prepending a "W" to their beginning. In 1965, it retired some of the less mission-appropriate Navy-based classifications and developed new ones of its own, most notably WHEC for "high endurance cutter" and WMEC for "medium endurance cutter".

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), a component of the United States Department of Commerce, includes the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Officer Corps (or "NOAA Corps"), one of the eight uniformed services of the United States, and operates a fleet of seagoing research and survey ships. The NOAA fleet also uses a hull classification symbol system, which it also calls "hull numbers," for its ships.

After NOAA took over the former Coast and Geodetic Survey fleet in 1970 along with research vessels of other government agencies, it adopted a new system of ship classification. In its system, the NOAA fleet is divided into two broad categories, research ships and survey ships. The research ships, which include oceanographic and fisheries research vessels, are given hull numbers beginning with "R", while the survey ships, generally hydrographic survey vessels, receive hull numbers beginning with "S". The letter is followed by a three-digit number; the first digit indicates the NOAA "class" (i.e., size) of the vessel, which NOAA assigns based on the ship's gross tonnage and horsepower, while the next two digits combine with the first digit to create a unique three-digit identifying number for the ship.

Generally, each NOAA hull number is written with a space between the letter and the three-digit number, as in, for example, NOAAS Nancy Foster (R 352) or NOAAS Thomas Jefferson (S 222).[6]

Unlike the Navy, once an older NOAA ship leaves service, a newer one can be given the same hull number; for example, "S 222" was assigned to NOAAS Mount Mitchell (S 222), then assigned to NOAAS Thomas Jefferson (S 222), which entered NOAA service after Mount Mitchell was stricken.

United States Navy hull classification codes

The U.S. Navy's system of alpha-numeric ship designators, and its associated hull numbers, have been for several decades a unique method of categorizing ships of all types: combatants, auxiliaries and district craft. Though considerably changed in detail and expanded over the years, this system remains essentially the same as when formally implemented in 1920. It is a very useful tool for organizing and keeping track of naval vessels, and also provides the basis for the identification numbers painted on the bows (and frequently the sterns) of most U.S. Navy ships.

The ship designator and hull number system's roots extend back to the late 1880s when ship type serial numbers were assigned to most of the new-construction warships of the emerging "Steel Navy". During the course of the next thirty years, these same numbers were combined with filing codes used by the Navy's clerks to create an informal version of the system that was put in place in 1920. Limited usage of ship numbers goes back even earlier, most notably to the "Jeffersonian Gunboats" of the early 1800s and the "Tinclad" river gunboats of the Civil War Mississippi Squadron.

It is important to understand that hull number-letter prefixes are not acronyms, and should not be carelessly treated as abbreviations of ship type classifications. Thus, "DD" does not stand for anything more than "Destroyer". "SS" simply means "Submarine". And "FF" is the post-1975 type code for "Frigate."[7]

The hull classification codes for ships in active duty in the United States Navy are governed under Secretary of the Navy Instruction 5030.8B (SECNAVINST 5030.8B).

Warships

Warships are designed to participate in combat operations.

The origin of the two-letter code derives from the need to distinguish various cruiser subtypes.[1]

Battleship Heavy gun-armed vessel (–1962) BB
Cruiser armored (1921–1931)
heavy (1931–1975)		 CA
large (–1947) CB
battle
command
(–1961)		 CC
light (–1950) CL
aviation or voler CV
Destroyer ship DD
escort DE

Aircraft carrier type

Aircraft carriers are ships designed primarily for the purpose of conducting combat operations by aircraft which engage in attacks against airborne, surface, sub-surface and shore targets. Contrary to popular belief, the "CV" hull classification symbol does not stand for "carrier vessel". "CV" derives from the cruiser designation, with the v for French voler, "to fly".[8] Aircraft carriers are designated in two sequences: the first sequence runs from CV-1 USS Langley to the very latest ships, and the second sequence, "CVE" for escort carriers, ran from CVE-1 Long Island to CVE-127 Okinawa before being discontinued.

  • AV: Seaplane tender (retired)
  • AVG: Auxiliary aircraft ferry (escort carrier) (1941–42)
  • AVD: Seaplane tender destroyer (retired)
  • AVP: Seaplane tender, Small (retired)
  • AVT (i) Auxiliary aircraft transport (retired)
  • AVT (ii) Auxiliary training carrier (retired)
  • ACV: Auxiliary aircraft carrier (escort carrier) (1942)
  • CV: Fleet aircraft carrier (1921–1975), multi-purpose aircraft carrier (1975–present)
  • CVA: Aircraft carrier, attack (category merged into CV, 30 June 1975)
  • CV(N): Aircraft carrier, night (deck equipped with lighting and pilots trained and for nighttime fights) (1944) (retired)
  • CVAN: Aircraft carrier, attack, nuclear-powered (category merged into CVN, 30 June 1975)
  • CVB: Aircraft carrier, large (original USS Midway class, category merged into CVA, 1952)
  • CVE: Escort aircraft carrier (retired) (1943–retirement of type)
  • CVHA: Aircraft carrier, helicopter assault (retired in favor of several LH-series amphibious assault ship hull codes)
  • CVHE: Aircraft carrier, helicopter, escort (retired)
  • CVL: Light aircraft carrier or aircraft carrier, small (retired) [9][10][11]
  • CVN: Aircraft carrier, nuclear-powered
  • CVS: Antisubmarine aircraft carrier (retired)
  • CVT: Aircraft carrier, training (changed to AVT (auxiliary))
  • CVU: Aircraft carrier, utility (retired)
  • CVG: Aircraft carrier, guided missile (retired)
  • CVV:[12] Aircraft carrier, vari-purpose, medium (retired unused)

Surface combatant type

Surface combatants are ships which are designed primarily to engage enemy forces on the high seas. The primary surface combatants are battleships, cruisers and destroyers. Battleships are very heavily armed and armored; cruisers moderately so; destroyers and smaller warships, less so. Before 1920, ships were called "<type> no. X", with the type fully pronounced. The types were commonly abbreviated in ship lists to "B-X", "C-X", "D-X" et cetera—for example, before 1920, USS Minnesota (BB-22) would have been called "USS Minnesota, Battleship number 22" orally and "USS Minnesota, B-22" in writing. After 1920, the ship's name would have been both written and pronounced "USS Minnesota (BB-22)". In generally decreasing size, the types are:

  • ACR: Armored Cruiser (pre-1920)
  • AFSB: Afloat forward staging base (also AFSB(I) for "interim", changed to ESB for Expeditionary Mobile Dock)
  • B: Battleship (pre-1920)
  • BB: Battleship
  • BBG: Battleship, guided missile or arsenal ship (theoretical only, never assigned)[A 1]
  • BM: Monitor (1920–retirement)
  • C: Cruiser (pre-1920 protected cruisers and peace cruisers)
  • CA: (first series) Cruiser, armored (retired, comprised all surviving pre-1920 armored and protected cruisers)
  • CA: (second series) Heavy cruiser, category later renamed gun cruiser (retired)
  • CAG: Cruiser, heavy, guided missile (retired)
  • CB: Large cruiser (retired)
  • CBC: Large command cruiser (retired, never used operationally)[A 2]
  • CC: Battlecruiser (retired, never used operationally)[A 3]
  • CC: (second usage) command ship (retired)[A 4]
  • CLC: Command cruiser[A 4]
  • CG: Cruiser, guided missile
  • CGN: Cruiser, guided missile, nuclear-powered: USS Long Beach (CGN-9) and USS Bainbridge (CGN-25)
  • CL: Cruiser, light (retired)
  • CLAA: Cruiser, light, anti-aircraft (retired)
  • CLG: Cruiser, light, guided missile (retired)
  • CLGN: Cruiser, light, guided missile, nuclear-powered (retired)
  • CLK: Cruiser, hunter–killer (abolished 1951)[A 5]
  • CM: Cruiser–minelayer (retired)
  • CS: Scout cruiser (retired)
  • CSGN: Cruiser, strike, guided missile, nuclear-powered (retired, never used operationally)
  • D: Destroyer (pre-1920)
  • DD: Destroyer
  • DDC: Corvette (briefly proposed in the mid-1950s)[13]
  • DDE: Escort destroyer, a destroyer (DD) converted for antisubmarine warfare – category abolished 1962. (not to be confused with destroyer escort DE)
  • DDG: Destroyer, guided missile
  • DDK: Hunter–killer destroyer (category merged into DDE, 4 March 1950)
  • DDR: Destroyer, radar picket (retired)
  • DE: Destroyer escort (World War II, later became Ocean escort)
  • DE: Ocean escort (abolished 30 June 1975)
  • DEG: Guided missile ocean escort (abolished 30 June 1975)
  • DER: Radar picket destroyer escort (abolished 30 June 1975) There were two distinct breeds of DE, the World War II destroyer escorts (some of which were converted to DERs) and the postwar DE/DEG classes, which were known as ocean escorts despite carrying the same type symbol as the World War II destroyer escorts. All DEs, DEGs, and DERs were reclassified as FFs, FFGs, or FFRs, 30 June 1975.
  • DL: Destroyer leader (later frigate) (retired)[A 5]
  • DLG: Frigate, guided missile (abolished 30 June 1975)
  • DLGN: Frigate, guided missile, nuclear-propulsion (abolished 30 June 1975) The DL category was established in 1951 with the abolition of the CLK category. CLK 1 became DL 1 and DD 927–930 became DL 2–5. By the mid-1950s the term destroyer leader had been dropped in favor of frigate. Most DLGs and DLGNs were reclassified as CGs and CGNs, 30 June 1975. However, DLG 6–15 became DDG 37–46. The old DLs were already gone by that time. Only applied to USS Bainbridge (DLGN-25).
  • DM: Destroyer, minelayer (retired)
  • DMS: Destroyer, minesweeper (retired)
  • FF: Frigate
  • PF: Patrol frigate (retired)
  • FFG: Frigate, guided missile
  • FFH: Frigate with assigned helicopter[14]
  • FFL: Frigate, light
  • FFR: Frigate, radar picket (retired)
  • FFT: Frigate (reserve training) (retired) The FF, FFG, and FFR designations were established 30 June 1975 as new type symbols for ex-DEs, DEGs, and DERs. The first new-built ships to carry the FF/FFG designation were the Oliver Hazard Perry-class frigates. In January 2015, it was announced that the LCS ship types would be redesignated as FF.
  • PG: Patrol gunboat (retired)
  • PCH: Patrol craft, hydrofoil (retired)
  • PHM: Patrol, hydrofoil, missile (retired)
  • K: Corvette (retired)
  • LCS: Littoral combat ship In January 2015, the Navy announced that the up-gunned LCS will be reclassified as a frigate, since the requirements of the SSC Task Force was to upgrade the ships with frigate-like capabilities. Hull designations will be changed from LCS to FF; existing LCSs back-fitted with modifications may also earn the FF label.[15] The Navy is hoping to start retrofitting technological upgrades onto existing and under construction LCSs before 2019.[16]
  • LSES: Large Surface Effect Ship
  • M: Monitor (1880s–1920)
  • SES: Surface Effect Ship
  • TB: Torpedo boat

Submarine type

Submarines are all self-propelled submersible types (usually started with SS) regardless of whether employed as combatant, auxiliary, or research and development vehicles which have at least a residual combat capability. While some classes, including all diesel-electric submarines, are retired from USN service, non-U.S. navies continue to employ SS, SSA, SSAN, SSB, SSC, SSG, SSM, and SST types.[17] With the advent of new Air Independent Propulsion/Power (AIP) systems, both SSI and SSP are used to distinguish the types within the USN, but SSP has been declared the preferred term. SSK, retired by the USN, continues to be used colloquially and interchangeably with SS for diesel-electric attack/patrol submarines within the USN, and, more formally, by the Royal Navy and British firms such as Jane's Information Group.

  • SC: Cruiser Submarine (retired)
  • SF: Fleet Submarine (retired)
  • SM: Submarine Minelayer (retired)
  • SS: Submarine, Attack Submarine[18]
  • SSA: Submarine Auxiliary, Auxiliary/Cargo Submarine
  • SSAN: Submarine Auxiliary Nuclear, Auxiliary/Cargo Submarine, Nuclear-powered
  • SSB: Submarine Ballistic, Ballistic Missile Submarine
  • SSBN: Submarine Ballistic Nuclear, Ballistic Missile Submarine, Nuclear-powered
  • SSC: Coastal Submarine, over 150 tons
  • SSG: Guided Missile Submarine
  • SSGN: Guided Missile Submarine, Nuclear-powered
  • SSI: Attack Submarine (Diesel Air-Independent Propulsion)[19]
  • SSK: Hunter-Killer/ASW Submarine (retired)[20]
  • SSM: Midget Submarine, under 150 tons
  • SSN: Attack Submarine, Nuclear-powered
  • SSNR: Special Attack Submarine [note 1]
  • SSO: Submarine Oiler (retired)
  • SSP: Attack Submarine (Diesel Air-Independent Power) (alternate use), formerly Submarine Transport
  • SSQ: Auxiliary Submarine, Communications (retired)
  • SSQN: Auxiliary Submarine, Communications, Nuclear-powered (retired)[21]
  • SSR: Radar Picket Submarine (retired)
  • SSRN: Radar Picket Submarine, Nuclear-powered (retired)
  • SST: Training Submarine
  • AGSS: Auxiliary Submarine
  • AOSS: Submarine Oiler (retired)
  • ASSP: Transport Submarine (retired)
  • APSS: Transport Submarine (retired)
  • LPSS: Amphibious Transport Submarine (retired)
  • SSLP: Transport Submarine (retired)
 SSP, ASSP, APSS, and LPSS were all the same type, redesignated over the years.
  • IXSS: Unclassified Miscellaneous Submarine
  • MTS: Moored Training Ship (Naval Nuclear Power School Training Platform; reconditioned SSBNs and SSNs)

Patrol combatant type

Patrol combatants are ships whose mission may extend beyond coastal duties and whose characteristics include adequate endurance and seakeeping, providing a capability for operations exceeding 48 hours on the high seas without support. This notably included Brown Water Navy/Riverine Forces during the Vietnam War. Few of these ships are in service today.

Amphibious warfare type

Amphibious warfare vessels include all ships having an organic capability for amphibious warfare and which have characteristics enabling long duration operations on the high seas. There are two classifications of craft: amphibious warfare ships which are built to cross oceans, and landing craft, which are designed to take troops from ship to shore in an invasion.

The US Navy hull classification symbol for a ship with a well deck depends on its facilities for aircraft:

  • An LSD has a helicopter deck.
  • An LPD has a hangar in addition to the helicopter deck.
  • An LHD or LHA has a full-length flight deck.[22]

Ships

Landing Craft

Expeditionary support

Operated by Military Sealift Command, have ship prefix "USNS", hull code begins with "T-".

Combat logistics type

Ships which have the capability to provide underway replenishment to fleet units.

Mine warfare type

Mine warfare ships are those ships whose primary function is mine warfare on the high seas.

  • ADG: Degaussing ship
  • AM: Minesweeper
  • AMb: Harbor minesweeper
  • AMc: Coastal minesweeper
  • AMCU: Underwater mine locater
  • AMS: Motor minesweeper
  • CM: Cruiser (i.e., large) minelayer
  • CMc: Coastal minelayer
  • DM: High-speed minelayer (converted destroyer)
  • DMS: High-speed minesweeper (converted-destroyer)
  • MCM: Mine countermeasures ship
  • MCS: Mine countermeasures support ship
  • MH(C)(I)(O)(S): Minehunter, (coastal) (inshore) (ocean) (hunter and sweeper, general)
  • MLC: Coastal minelayer
  • MSC: Minesweeper, coastal
  • MSO: Minesweeper, ocean
  • PCS: Submarine chasers (wooden) fitted for minesweeping[23]
  • YDG: District degaussing vessel

Coastal defense type

Coastal defense ships are those whose primary function is coastal patrol and interdiction.

  • FS: Corvette
  • PB: Patrol boat
  • PBR: Patrol boat, river
  • PC: Patrol, coastal
  • PCE: Patrol craft, escort
  • PCF: Patrol craft, fast, (swift boat)
  • PCS: Patrol craft, sweeper (modified-motor minesweepers meant for anti-submarine warfare)
  • PF: Frigate, in a role similar to World War II Commonwealth corvette
  • PG: Patrol gunboat
  • PGM: Motor gunboat (To PG, 1967)
  • PR: Patrol, river
  • SP: Section patrol

Mobile logistics type

Mobile logistics ships have the capability to provide direct material support to other deployed units operating far from home ports.

Auxiliary type

An auxiliary ship is designed to operate in any number of roles supporting combatant ships and other naval operations.

Airships

Although technically an aircraft, pre-World War II rigid airships (e.g., zeppelins) were treated like commissioned surface warships and submarines, flew the U.S. ensign from their stern and carried a United States Ship (USS) designation. Non-rigid airships (e.g., blimps) continued to fly the U.S. ensign from their stern but were always considered to be primarily aircraft.

Support ships

Support ships are not designed to participate in combat and are generally not armed. For ships with civilian crews (owned by and/or operated for Military Sealift Command and the Maritime Administration), the prefix T- is placed at the front of the hull classification.

Support type

Support ships are designed to operate in the open ocean in a variety of sea states to provide general support to either combatant forces or shore-based establishments. They include smaller auxiliaries which, by the nature of their duties, leave inshore waters.

  • AC: Collier (retired)
  • ACS: Auxiliary Crane Ship
  • AG: Miscellaneous Auxiliary
  • AGDE: Testing Ocean Escort
  • AGDS: Deep Submergence Support Ship
  • AGER (i): Miscellaneous Auxiliary, Electronic Reconnaissance
  • AGER (ii): Environmental Research Ship
  • AGF: Miscellaneous Command Ship
  • AGFF: Testing Frigate
  • AGL: Auxiliary vessel, lighthouse tender
  • AGM: Missile Range Instrumentation Ship
  • AGOR: Oceanographic Research Ship
  • AGOS: Ocean Surveillance Ship
  • AGP: Motor Torpedo Boat Tender
  • AGR: Radar picket ship
  • AGS: Surveying Ship
  • AGSE: Submarine and Special Warfare Support
  • AGSS: Auxiliary Research Submarine
  • AGTR: Technical research ship
  • AH: Hospital ship
  • AK: Cargo Ship
  • AKR: Vehicle Cargo Ship
  • AKS: General Stores Issue Ship
  • AO: Oiler
  • AOE: Fast Combat Support Ship
  • AOR: Replenishment oiler (retired)
  • AOG: Gasoline Tanker
  • AOT: Transport Oiler
  • AP: Transport
  • ARC: Cable Repair Ship (see also Cable layer)
  • ARG: Internal Combustion Engine repair ship
  • APB: Self-propelled Barracks Ship
  • APL: Barracks Craft
  • ARB: Battle Damage Repair Ship
  • ARL: Small Repair Ship
  • ARS: Salvage Ship
  • AS: Submarine tender
  • ASR: Submarine Rescue Ship
  • AT: Ocean-Going Tug
  • ATA: Auxiliary Ocean Tug
  • ATF: Fleet Ocean Tug
  • ATLS: Drone Launch Ship
  • ATS: Salvage and Rescue Ship
  • AVB(i): Aviation Logistics Support Ship
  • AVB(ii): Advance Aviation Base Ship
  • AVS: Aviation Stores Issue Ship
  • AVT(i): Auxiliary Aircraft Transport
  • AVT(ii): Auxiliary Aircraft Landing Training Ship
  • EPCER: Experimental – Patrol Craft Escort – Rescue
  • ID or Id. No.: Civilian ship taken into service for auxiliary duties, used indiscriminately for large ocean-going ships of all kinds and coastal and yard craft (World War I; retired 1920)
  • PCER: Patrol Craft Escort – Rescue [24]
  • SBX: Sea-based X-band Radar – a mobile active electronically scanned array early-warning radar station.

Service type craft

Service craft are navy-subordinated craft (including non-self-propelled) designed to provide general support to either combatant forces or shore-based establishments. The suffix "N" refers to non-self-propelled variants.

  • AB: Crane Ship
  • AFDB: Large Auxiliary Floating Dry Dock
  • AFD/AFDL: Small Auxiliary Floating Dry Dock
  • AFDM: Medium Auxiliary Floating Dry Dock
  • APB: Self-Propelled Barracks Ship
  • APL: Barracks Craft
  • ARD: Auxiliary Repair Dry Dock
  • ARDM: Medium Auxiliary Repair Dry Dock USS Oak Ridge (ARDM-1)
  • ATA: Auxiliary Ocean Tug
  • DSRV: Deep Submergence Rescue Vehicle
  • DSV: Deep Submergence Vehicle
  • JUB/JB : Jack Up Barge
  • NR: Submersible Research Vehicle
  • YC: Open Lighter
  • YCF: Car Float
  • YCV: Aircraft Transportation Lighter
  • YD: Floating Crane
  • YDT: Diving Tender
  • YF: Covered Lighter
  • YFB: Ferry Boat or Launch
  • YFD: Yard Floating Dry Dock
  • YFN: Covered Lighter (non-self propelled)
  • YFNB: Large Covered Lighter (non-self propelled)
  • YFND: Dry Dock Companion Craft (non-self propelled)
  • YFNX: Lighter (Special purpose) (non-self propelled)
  • YFP: Floating Power Barge
  • YFR: Refrigerated Cover Lighter
  • YFRN: Refrigerated Covered Lighter (non-self propelled)
  • YFRT: Range Tender
  • YFU: Harbor Utility Craft
  • YG: Garbage Lighter
  • YGN: Garbage Lighter (non-self propelled)
  • YH: Ambulance boat/small medical support vessel
  • YLC: Salvage Lift Craft
  • YM: Dredge
  • YMN: Dredge (non-self propelled)
  • YNG: Gate Craft
  • YNT: Net Tender
  • YO: Fuel Oil Barge
  • YOG: Gasoline Barge
  • YOGN: Gasoline Barge (non-self propelled)
  • YON: Fuel Oil Barge (non-self propelled)
  • YOS: Oil Storage Barge
  • YP: Patrol Craft, Training
  • YPD: Floating Pile Driver
  • YR: Floating Workshop
  • YRB: Repair and Berthing Barge
  • YRBM: Repair, Berthing and Messing Barge
  • YRDH: Floating Dry Dock Workshop (Hull)
  • YRDM: Floating Dry Dock Workshop (Machine)
  • YRR: Radiological Repair Barge
  • YRST: Salvage Craft Tender
  • YSD: Seaplane Wrecking Derrick
  • YSR: Sludge Removal Barge
  • YT: Harbor Tug (craft later assigned YTB, YTL, or YTM classifications)
  • YTB: Large Harbor Tug
  • YTL: Small Harbor Tug
  • YTM: Medium Harbor Tug
  • YTT: Torpedo Trials Craft
  • YW: Water Barge
  • YWN: Water Barge (non-self propelled)
  • ID or Id. No.: Civilian ship taken into service for auxiliary duties, used indiscriminately for large ocean-going ships of all kinds and coastal and yard craft (World War I; retired 1920)
  • IX: Unclassified Miscellaneous Unit
  • X: Submersible Craft
  • "none": To honor her unique historical status, USS Constitution, formerly IX 21, was reclassified to "none", effective 1 September 1975.

United States Coast Guard vessels

Prior to 1965, U.S. Coast Guard cutters used the same designation as naval ships but preceded by a "W" to indicate Coast Guard commission. The U.S. Coast Guard considers any ship over 65 feet in length with a permanently assigned crew, a cutter.[25]

Current USCG cutter classes and types
USCG icebreaker Polar Sea
USCG Inland Construction Tender Saginaw

Historic USCG cutter classes and types
USCG Iris-class buoy tender Firebush
USCG Edsall-class cutter Durant

USCG classification symbols definitions
  • CG: all Coast Guard ships in the 1920s (retired)
  • WAGB: Coast Guard Polar-class icebreaker
  • WAGL: Auxiliary vessel, lighthouse tender (retired 1960's)
  • WAVP: seagoing Coast Guard seaplane tenders (retired 1960s)
  • WDE: seagoing Coast Guard destroyer escorts (retired 1960s)
  • WHEC: Coast Guard high endurance cutters
  • WIX: Coast Guard barque Eagle
  • WLB: Coast Guard buoy tenders
  • WLBB: Coast Guard seagoing buoy tenders/ice breaker
  • WLI: Coast Guard inland buoy tenders
  • WLIC: Coast Guard inland construction tenders
  • WLM: Coast Guard coastal buoy tenders
  • WLR: Coast Guard river buoy tenders
  • WMEC: Coast Guard medium endurance cutters
  • WMSL: Coast Guard maritime security cutter, large (referred to as national security cutters)
  • WPB: Coast Guard patrol boats
  • WPC: Coast Guard patrol craft—later reclassed under WHEC, symbol reused for Coast Guard patrol cutter (referred to as fast response cutters)
  • WPG: seagoing Coast Guard gunboats (retired 1960s)
  • WTGB: Coast Guard tug boat (140' icebreakers)
  • WYTL: Small harbor tug

USCG classification symbols for small craft and boats

Temporary designations

United States Navy Designations (Temporary) are a form of U.S. Navy ship designation, intended for temporary identification use. Such designations usually occur during periods of sudden mobilization, such as that which occurred prior to, and during, World War II or the Korean War, when it was determined that a sudden temporary need arose for a ship for which there was no official Navy designation.

During World War II, for example, a number of commercial vessels were requisitioned, or acquired, by the U.S. Navy to meet the sudden requirements of war. A yacht acquired by the U.S. Navy during the start of World War II might seem desirable to the Navy whose use for the vessel might not be fully developed or explored at the time of acquisition.

On the other hand, a U.S. Navy vessel, such as the yacht in the example above, already in commission or service, might be desired, or found useful, for another need or purpose for which there is no official designation.

  • IX: Unclassified Miscellaneous Auxiliary Ship, for example, yacht Chanco acquired by the U.S. Navy on 1 October 1940. It was classified as a minesweeper AMc-5, but instead, mainly used as a patrol craft along the New England coast. When another assignment came, and it could not be determined how to classify the vessel, it was redesignated IX-175 on 10 July 1944.
  • IXSS: Unclassified Miscellaneous Submarines, such as the USS Cod (IXSS-224), the USS Angler (IXSS-240) and the USS Croaker (IXSS-246).
  • YAG: Miscellaneous Auxiliary Service Craft, such as the USS George Eastman (YAG-39), USS Butternut (YAG-60) and USS Christiana (YAG-32) which, curiously, was earlier known as IX-80.

Numerous other U.S. Navy vessels were launched with a temporary, or nominal, designation, such as YMS or PC, since it could not be determined, at the time of construction, what they should be used for. Many of these were vessels in the 150 to 200 feet length class with powerful engines, whose function could be that of a minesweeper, patrol craft, submarine chaser, seaplane tender, tugboat, or other. Once their destiny, or capability, was found or determined, such vessels were reclassified with their actual designation.

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration hull codes
  • R: Research ships, including oceanographic and fisheries research ships
  • S: Survey ships, including hydrographic survey ships

The letter is paired with a three-digit number. The first digit of the number is determined by the ship's "power tonnage," defined as the sum of its shaft horsepower and gross international tonnage, as follows:

  • If the power tonnage is 5,501 through 9,000, the first digit is "1".
  • If the power tonnage 3,501 through 5,500, the first digit is "2."
  • If the power tonnage is 2,001 through 3,500, the first digit is "3."
  • If the power tonnage is 1,001 through 2,000, the first digit is "4."
  • If the power tonnage is 501 through 1,000, the first digit is "5."
  • If the power tonnage is 500 or less and the ship is at least 65 feet (19.8 meters) long, the first digit is "6."[26]

The second and third digits are assigned to create a unique three-digit hull number.

gollark: ...
gollark: > If someone found tomorrow that you could create energy from nothing, and it can't be proved that that can't happen unless you already start from a model, the models would have to be updated.
gollark: Correction again: conservation of energy is from "Émilie du Châtelet".
gollark: Well, your view isn't actually objective truth.
gollark: I'm pretty sure it was Noether, and you seem to have ignored what I just said.

See also

Notes
  1. This odd entry is not recognized by the U.S. Naval Vessel Register, and appears only in MIL-STD-2525A: Common Warfighting Symbology (15 December 1996) and later editions (MIL-STD-2525B: Common Warfighting Symbology (30 January 1999) and MIL-STD-2525C: Common Warfighting Symbology (17 November 2008)). It seems to refer to some kind of nuclear-powered submarine used by Special Operations Forces.

Footnotes
  1. See USS Kentucky (BB-66).
  2. See USS Hawaii (CB-3).
  3. See Lexington-class battlecruiser.
  4. See USS Northampton (CLC-1).
  5. see USS Norfolk (DL-1).

Citations
  1. Derdall and DiGiulian, (section: Cruisers)
  2. Naval History and heritage Command Online Library of Selected Images (archived from the original at https://web.archive.org/web/20100329212007/http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/shusn-no/spid-no.htm).
  3. United States Department of State, United States Treaties and Other International Obligations, Volume 23, Part Four, Washington, D.C.:U.S. Government Printing Office, 1972, p. 3612.
  4. "United States Department of Commerce, Annual Report of the Director of the Coast and Geodetic Survey for the Fiscal Year Ending June 30, 1964, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.: 1964, pp. 3–5" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 February 2013. Retrieved 6 May 2014.
  5. Derdall and DiGiulian, (section: Nomenclature history)
  6. Wertheim, The Naval Institute Guide to Combat Fleets of the World, 15th Edition: Their Ships, Aircraft, and Systems, p. 1005.
  7. "U.S. Navy Ships – Listed by Hull Number". Naval History and Heritage Command.
  8. "English Translation of "voler" | Collins French-English Dictionary". www.collinsdictionary.com. Retrieved 7 February 2019.
  9. Bureau of Aeronautics, Navy Department."New Carrier Designations". BuAER News (title later changed to Naval Aviation News). Washington, D.C. No. 198 (1 Aug 1943) p. 9.
  10. United States. Office of Naval History. Glossary of U.S. Naval Abbreviations. 3d ed. Washington: U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1947. p. 20.
  11. United States. Office of Naval Records and History. Glossary of US Naval Abbreviations. 5th ed. Washington: U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1949. Naval History and Heritage Command. accessed 6 May 2017.
  12. "The Vari-Purpose Carrier". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 4 August 2011.
  13. Friedman, Norman (2003). U.S. Destroyers: An Illustrated Design History (Revised ed.). Annapolis, MD: U.S. Naval Institute Press. pp. 266–267. ISBN 978-1-55750-442-5. Retrieved 24 May 2010. ...a gutted Benson-class destroyer. This "corvette" (DDC) "can be readily obtained..."
  14. Derdall and DiGiulian, (section: Torpedo Boats, Destroyers, Escorts and Frigates)
  15. SNA: Modified Littoral Combat Ships to be Designated Frigates – News.USNI.org, 15 January 2015
  16. Navy Plans to Expand, Speed-Up LCS Modifications – Military.com, 4 March 2015
  17. Russia still employs several SSA and SSAN class submarines like the Delta Stretch as well as one SST, China has older SSB and SSG types such as the Golf and Mod Romeo classes, and North Korea has built many SSCs and SSMs. See 2007–2008 Jane's Fighting Ships.
  18. U.S. Navy Ship And Service Craft Classifications Archived 16 October 2004 at the Wayback Machine
  19. Buff, Joe (June 2007). "Subs in the Littoral: Diesels Just Blowing Smoke?". Proceedings of the Naval Institute. 133 (6): 40–43. ISSN 0041-798X. Retrieved 13 June 2007. Diesel AIP boats are known as SSIs, differentiating them from purely diesel-electric-powered hunter-killer subs, or SSKs.
  20. Inactive Classification Symbols Archived 18 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine
  21. 28034_cov.fh Archived 27 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  22. "World Wide Landing Ship Dock/Landing Platform Dock". Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  23. "Hull Classification Symbol". militarypower.wikidot.com. Retrieved 17 January 2018.
  24. "PCER-848". navsource. Retrieved 21 December 2017.
  25. "United States Coast Guard". web.archive.org. 1 January 2006. Archived from the original (HTML) on 1 January 2006. Retrieved 27 April 2020.
  26. Abunassar, US Department of Commerce, NOAA Office of the Chief Administrative Officer (OCAO). Elias. "National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Home Page". www.corporateservices.noaa.gov.

References

Further reading
  • Friedman, Norman. U.S. Small Combatants, Including PT-Boats, Subchasers, and the Brown-Water Navy: An Illustrated Design History. Annapolis, Md: Naval Institute Press, 1987. ISBN 0-87021-713-5.
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